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Dundulanyä: Difference between revisions
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→Stem and TAM formation
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** if the stem vowel is '''ṛ''' or '''ṝ''', the augment is '''ā'''; | ** if the stem vowel is '''ṛ''' or '''ṝ''', the augment is '''ā'''; | ||
** otherwise, the same rules as the perfect augment apply. | ** otherwise, the same rules as the perfect augment apply. | ||
* The '''intensive''' (or ''energetic'') stem, which does not form tenses but a mood, is formed with a higher grade augment and a middle grade root vowel. | |||
Some affixes may force the stem vowel to be in a certain ablaut grade, such as the ablative motion marker shown in the previous section, which forces a present stem to have a zero grade vowel regardless. | Some affixes may force the stem vowel to be in a certain ablaut grade, such as the ablative motion marker shown in the previous section, which forces a present stem to have a zero grade vowel regardless. | ||
As an example, the stems of ''ne-'' (II) "to say" are: present ''ne-'', past ''ni-'', perfect ''ini-'', frequentative ''enisā-'', intensive ''aine-''. The non-ablauting root ''pūn-'' (to work) has present/past ''pūn-'', perfect ''upūn-'', frequentative ''upūṃsā-''; ''mäly-'' (0) "to give" has present/past ''mäly-'', perfect ''amäly-'', frequentative ''amälisā-''. | As an example, the stems of ''ne-'' (II) "to say" are: present ''ne-'', past ''ni-'', perfect ''ini-'', frequentative ''enisā-'', intensive ''aine-''. The non-ablauting root ''pūn-'' (to work) has present/past ''pūn-'', perfect ''upūn-'', frequentative ''upūṃsā-''; ''mäly-'' (0) "to give" has present/past ''mäly-'', perfect ''amäly-'', frequentative ''amälisā-''. | ||