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Old Valthungian: Difference between revisions
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→Orthography of Old Valthungian
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|valign="top"| d | |valign="top"| d | ||
|valign="top"| | |valign="top"| ð | ||
|valign="top"| [[File:OV-ð.png|20px|DY]] | |valign="top"| [[File:OV-ð.png|20px|DY]] | ||
|valign="top"| '''dv''' | |valign="top"| '''dv''' | ||
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|valign="top"| ''ae'''dv'''ij'' ‘mother’<br />''dala'''dv'''a'' ‘down’<br />''þju'''dv'''ij'' ‘meaning’ | |valign="top"| ''ae'''dv'''ij'' ‘mother’<br />''dala'''dv'''a'' ‘down’<br />''þju'''dv'''ij'' ‘meaning’ | ||
|align="left" valign="top"| Though '''dv''' is used here for transcription, a letter derived from the Gothic letter ''dags'' (but resembling '''ϫ''', the Coptic ''gangia'') was more often used. | |align="left" valign="top"| Though '''dv''' is used here for transcription, a letter derived from the Gothic letter ''dags'' (but resembling '''ϫ''', the Coptic ''gangia'') was more often used. | ||
|- | |||
|valign="top"| - | |||
|valign="top"| ɛ~æ | |||
|valign="top"| [[File:OV-eao.png|40px|EA]] | |||
|valign="top"| '''ea''' | |||
|valign="top"| - | |||
|align="left" valign="top"| e, ai, ae | |||
|valign="top"| ''s'''ea'''tjan'' ‘to set’<br />''Mbr'''ea'''jja'' ‘Maria’<br />'''''ea'''kijt'' ‘vinegar’ | |||
|align="left" valign="top"| This was used for the umlauted form of short '''a''' (Griutungi and Gothic '''a'''). | |||
|- | |- | ||
|valign="top"| - | |valign="top"| - | ||
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|valign="top"| - | |valign="top"| - | ||
|align="left" valign="top"| oe, ø | |align="left" valign="top"| oe, ø | ||
|valign="top"| '' | |valign="top"| ''vr'''eo'''kjan'' ‘to work’<br />''r'''eo'''kjus'' ‘jug’<br />''d'''eo'''htrjus'' ‘daughters’ | ||
|align="left" valign="top"| This was used for the umlauted form of '''o''' (Griutungi '''o''', Gothic '''au'''). | |align="left" valign="top"| This was used for the umlauted form of '''o''' (Griutungi '''o''', Gothic '''au'''). | ||
|- | |- | ||
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|valign="top"| - | |valign="top"| - | ||
|align="left" valign="top"| y, ue | |align="left" valign="top"| y, ue | ||
|valign="top"| ''f'''eu'''tlijns'' ‘fulfillment’<br />''s''' | |valign="top"| ''f'''eu'''tlijns'' ‘fulfillment’<br />''s'''eu'''ndij'' ‘health’<br />'''''eu'''nkja'' ‘ounce’ | ||
|align="left" valign="top"| This was used for the umlauted form of '''u'''. | |align="left" valign="top"| This was used for the umlauted form of '''u'''. | ||
|- | |- | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|valign="top"| iu | |valign="top"| iu | ||
|valign="top"| | |valign="top"| iw | ||
|valign="top"| [[File:OV-ju.png|23px|JU]] | |valign="top"| [[File:OV-ju.png|23px|JU]] | ||
|valign="top"| ''' | |valign="top"| '''iv''' | ||
|valign="top"| - | |valign="top"| - | ||
|align="left" valign="top"| iu, | |align="left" valign="top"| iu, ju, jv | ||
|valign="top"| ''''' | |valign="top"| '''''iv'''qv'' ‘up’<br />''kn'''iv''''' ‘knee’<br />''þ'''iv'''fs'' ‘thief’ | ||
|align="left" valign="top"| | |align="left" valign="top"| | ||
|- | |- | ||
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|valign="top"| - | |valign="top"| - | ||
|align="left" valign="top"| ū, u, uu | |align="left" valign="top"| ū, u, uu | ||
|valign="top"| '''''uv'''htvou'' ‘pre-dawn’<br />''þ'''uv'''sundi'' ‘thousand’<br />''h'''uv'''s'' | |valign="top"| '''''uv'''htvou'' ‘pre-dawn’<br />''þ'''uv'''sundi'' ‘thousand’<br />''h'''uv'''s'' ‘shed’ | ||
|align="left" valign="top"| | |align="left" valign="top"| | ||
|- | |- | ||
|valign="top"| | |valign="top"| f | ||
|valign="top"| ʏ | |valign="top"| β~v | ||
|valign="top"| [[File:OV-uv.png|28px|FV]] | |||
|valign="top"| '''fv''' | |||
|valign="top"| - | |||
|align="left" valign="top"| f, v, bv | |||
|valign="top"| ''u'''fv'''ar'' ‘over’<br />''ae'''fv'''rs'' ‘terrifying’<br />''vladvu'''fv'''ni'' ‘violence’ | |||
|align="left" valign="top"| | |||
|- | |||
|valign="top"| y | |||
|valign="top"| ʏ~ᵿ | |||
|valign="top"| [[File:OV-y.png|13px|Y]] | |valign="top"| [[File:OV-y.png|13px|Y]] | ||
|valign="top"| '''y''' | |valign="top"| '''y''' | ||
|valign="top"| 400 | |valign="top"| 400 | ||
|align="left" valign="top"| y, i, u, ui | |align="left" valign="top"| y, i, u, ui | ||
|valign="top"| ''s'''y''' | |valign="top"| ''s'''y'''nagyovgyei'' ‘synagogue’<br />''h'''y'''hsopus'' ‘hyssop’<br />''þ'''y'''mjam'' ‘incense’ | ||
|align="left" valign="top"| It is likely that this was still a separate phoneme in Old Valthungian from the umlaut of '''u''', though some of the means of transcription overlapped a bit. This phoneme was used only in borrowings from the Greek, and after the Old Valthungian period, these two phonemes had completely merged.<br />Our intermediate transcription shows '''ÿ''' for the letter representing Gothic '''𐍅'''/'''w''' from Greek '''υ'''. The exact pronunciation is unknown, but it seems likely that it was differentiated from '''eu''' (the i-umlaut of /u/) in Old Valthungian. These two sounds had merged by the Middle Valthungian period. Numerically, it was equivalent to Gothic '''𐍅''' (400). | |align="left" valign="top"| It is likely that this was still a separate phoneme in Old Valthungian from the umlaut of '''u''', though some of the means of transcription overlapped a bit. This phoneme was used only in borrowings from the Greek, and after the Old Valthungian period, these two phonemes had completely merged.<br />Our intermediate transcription shows '''ÿ''' for the letter representing Gothic '''𐍅'''/'''w''' from Greek '''υ'''. The exact pronunciation is unknown, but it seems likely that it was differentiated from '''eu''' (the i-umlaut of /u/) in Old Valthungian. These two sounds had merged by the Middle Valthungian period. Numerically, it was equivalent to Gothic '''𐍅''' (400). | ||
|} | |} | ||