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Dundulanyä: Difference between revisions
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→Personal pronouns
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===Pronouns (''śidrāñjiḫi'')=== | ===Pronouns (''śidrāñjiḫi'')=== | ||
====Personal pronouns==== | ====Personal pronouns==== | ||
First- and second-person pronouns have the same declension as nouns, although with the peculiarity of having the same form in the direct and ergative cases. In the traditional analysis, the singular is taken as the root and it is considered to be a nominal with suppletive stems in the dual and plural. | First- and second-person pronouns have the same declension as nouns, although with the peculiarity of having neither a vocative nor a bound form and having the same form in the direct and ergative cases, as well as sporadic contractions in a few forms. In the traditional analysis, the singular is taken as the root and it is considered to be a nominal with suppletive stems in the dual and plural. | ||
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|+First person (√''yuna'') | |||
|- | |||
! !! Singular !! Dual !! Plural | |||
|- | |||
! <small>Direct-Ergative</small> | |||
| '''yuna''' || '''amūve''' || '''yunai'''<sup>1</sup> | |||
|- | |||
! <small>Accusative</small> | |||
| yunat || amūtha<sup>2</sup> || yunaih | |||
|- | |||
! <small>Dative</small> | |||
| yunak || amūvāma || yunumi | |||
|- | |||
! <small>Ablative</small> | |||
| yunū || amūveṣu || yunenī | |||
|- | |||
! <small>Locative</small> | |||
| yunā || rowspan=2 | amūvehe || yunyän | |||
|- | |||
! <small>Essive</small> | |||
| rowspan=2 | yunī || yunoṭu | |||
|- | |||
! <small>Instrumental</small> | |||
| amūvāl || yunanīka | |||
|- | |||
! <small>Fused copular form</small> | |||
| yūga || amūga || <small>yunai ga /</small><br/>īnega | |||
|} | |||
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<!--{| class="wikitable" align="center" style="text-align: center;" | | |||
|+Non-ablauting consonant stem 2nd decl. (glottal)<ref>In colloquial Dundulanyä, such nouns are often declined like ''-a'' nouns, given that their declensions are similar, the main difference being vowel lengthening in most forms.</ref> | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan=2 | !! colspan=3 | ''nād-(a)ɂ-''<br/>"leg" | |||
|- | |||
! Singular !! Dual !! Plural | |||
|- | |||
! <small>Direct</small> | |||
| rowspan=2 | '''nādah''' || rowspan=2 | nādēve || rowspan=2 | nādai | |||
|- | |||
! <small>Vocative</small> | |||
|- | |||
! <small>Ergative</small> | |||
| nādē || nādeɂat || nādaɂām | |||
|- | |||
! <small>Accusative</small> | |||
| nādāt || nādētha || nādaih | |||
|- | |||
! <small>Dative</small> | |||
| nādā || nādaima || nādūmi | |||
|- | |||
! <small>Ablative</small> | |||
| nādū || nādēṣu || nādēnī | |||
|- | |||
! <small>Locative</small> | |||
| nādā || rowspan=2 | nādēhe || nādän | |||
|- | |||
! <small>Essive</small> | |||
| rowspan=2 | nādī || nādāṭu | |||
|- | |||
! <small>Instrumental</small> | |||
| nādāl || nādānīka | |||
|- | |||
! <small>Bound form</small> | |||
| nādah || nādēv || nādē | |||
|} | |||
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{| class="wikitable" align="center" style="text-align: center;" | | |||
|+Non-ablauting ''-a'' stems | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan=2 | !! colspan=3 | ''buney-a''<br/>"(female's) older sister" | |||
|- | |||
! Singular !! Dual !! Plural | |||
|- | |||
! <small>Direct</small> | |||
| '''buneya''' || rowspan=2 | buneyeve || rowspan=2 | buneyai | |||
|- | |||
! <small>Vocative</small> | |||
| bunī<sup>1</sup> | |||
|- | |||
! <small>Ergative</small> | |||
| buneyē || buneyīyat || buneyām | |||
|- | |||
! <small>Accusative</small> | |||
| buneyat || buneyītha || buneyaih | |||
|- | |||
! <small>Dative</small> | |||
| buneyak || buneyāma || buneyumi | |||
|- | |||
! <small>Ablative</small> | |||
| buneyū || buneyeṣu || buneyenī | |||
|- | |||
! <small>Locative</small> | |||
| buneyā || rowspan=2 | buneyehe || buneyän | |||
|- | |||
! <small>Essive</small> | |||
| rowspan=2 | buneyī || buneyoṭu | |||
|- | |||
! <small>Instrumental</small> | |||
| buneyāl || buneyanīka | |||
|- | |||
! <small>Bound form</small> | |||
| buneya || buneyev || buneye | |||
|} | |||
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Table notes: | |||
# Also ''īnai'', especially used in poetry; the same stem is therefore found for all other forms (''īnaih, īnumi, īnenī'', etc.). | |||
# In older Dundulanyä ''amūvītha''. | |||
====Possessive suffixes==== | ====Possessive suffixes==== | ||