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Dundulanyä: Difference between revisions
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! Subjunctive | ! Subjunctive | ||
| -ā || -āt || -ai || -oba || -osa || -ai || -ove || -aut || -ai | | -ā || -āt<sup>1</sup> || -ai || -oba || -osa || -ai || -ove || -aut<sup>1</sup> || -ai | ||
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# In Classical Dundulanyä, subjunctive 2nd person terminations ''-ās'' (singular) and ''-aus'' (plural) are found in many texts; in the early and mid Classical period, the distribution is clearly dialectal: the dialects of coastal Mandabuda and the course of the Hundhura downstream from the confluence of the Lāmbera, the Lātlaka region to the southeast, as well as the majority of the Yuṣṇiya valley (western Mandabuda) and North Shore colonies of these territories use the ''-ās/-aus'' forms, with the rest of Mandabuda, nearly all of Śubhāla (which underwent Dundulanyä-ization during the Classical period) as well as - forming a linguistic island - the Śola peninsula (far northern Mandabuda, between two of the Inland Seas) using the ''-āt/-aut'' forms. By the late Classical period, ''-āt/-aut'' forms became predominant because of both sound changes (especially in the North Shore) and greater cultural and political dominance of some ''-āt/-aut'' cities such as Nallalitle (along the Lāmbera), Mūmäfumbe and Līlekhaite (in Śubhāla), Udunna (in Śola), and Ṭäleneśāma (on the North Shore)<ref>While the broader political and cultural center of the Dundulanyä world remained the plains of Mandabuda, Śola, Śubhāla and the North Shore, at the borders of the Classical Dundulanyä world, would later become the centers of expansion of Dundulanyä culture respectively towards the western Inland Seas, the East (the Toyubeshian realms and then Jūhma), and Northern Lusaṃrīte.</ref>, although sometimes even the same authors used both forms, in a few cases even in the same text. In the post-Classical period, ''-āt/-aut'' became the standard forms, although local languages in ''-ās/-aus'' areas developed from the original ones. | |||
The forms with vowel in the present are used after a consonant; the 3SG form is therefore a zero-marker in many common forms such as after the agent trigger (cf. ''teṇa'' "3SG is fed" and ''teṇū'' "3SG feeds"). | The forms with vowel in the present are used after a consonant; the 3SG form is therefore a zero-marker in many common forms such as after the agent trigger (cf. ''teṇa'' "3SG is fed" and ''teṇū'' "3SG feeds"). | ||