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<small>''This page is for the conlang. For the list of all the translated placenames in ''Wii Sports Resort'', see [[Nawuhu/Translated Wuhu Island placenames|Translated Wuhu Island placenames]].''</small><br> | <small>''This page is for the conlang. For the list of all the translated placenames in ''Wii Sports Resort'', see [[Nawuhu/Translated Wuhu Island placenames|Translated Wuhu Island placenames]].''</small><br> | ||
{{Infobox language | {{Infobox language | ||
| name = {{PAGENAME}} | | name = {{PAGENAME}} | ||
| Line 6: | Line 5: | ||
| imagecaption = Flag of the Wuhu Autonomous Zone | | imagecaption = Flag of the Wuhu Autonomous Zone | ||
| nativename = na’a wúhu | | nativename = na’a wúhu | ||
| pronunciation = | | pronunciation = ˀna.a ˈwu.ɦu | ||
| creator = User:Jukethatbox | | creator = User:Jukethatbox | ||
| created = 2024 | | created = 2024 | ||
| state = Wuhu Island | | state = Wuhu Island | ||
| ethnicity = Wuhu people | | ethnicity = Native Wuhu people | ||
| familycolor = language isolate | | familycolor = language isolate | ||
| ancestor = [[Classical Nâuxu]] | | ancestor = [[Classical Nâuxu]] | ||
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| map = DefinitelyEndangered.png | | map = DefinitelyEndangered.png | ||
| mapcaption = Nawuhu is classified as Definitely Endangered by the [[w:UNESCO|UNESCO]] [[w:Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger|Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger]].<ref>Yes, this is still a conlang. I'm only adding the endangerment statistic for worldbuilding purposes.</ref> | | mapcaption = Nawuhu is classified as Definitely Endangered by the [[w:UNESCO|UNESCO]] [[w:Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger|Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger]].<ref>Yes, this is still a conlang. I'm only adding the endangerment statistic for worldbuilding purposes.</ref> | ||
| notice = ipa | | notice = ipa | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Nawuhu'''(''na'a wúhu'', <small>Nawuhu:</small> [[Help:IPA|[ | '''Nawuhu'''(''na'a wúhu'', <small>Nawuhu:</small> [[Help:IPA|[ˀna.a ˈwu.ɦu]]]), also called '''Wuhu''' or '''Nauhu''' is a language isolate that was once predominantly spoken by the inhabitants of Wuhu Island(''wúhu'', ''akka wúhu'' [[Help:IPA|[ak.ka ˈwu.ɦu]]]). It was spoken primarily by the civilisation that probably encompassed the entire island, the ruins of which can be seen on the southern half of the island.<ref>See [https://wuhugov.neocities.org/html/history].</ref> Today, it is only spoken by around 90 native speakers, and ''Ethnologue'' marks Nawuhu as a definitely endangered language. | ||
==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
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Indeed, the system itself was built quickly out of necessity by Mark Mii as a way to transliterate ancient Nawuhu writing, and he himself admitted he did not take verbal transcription into account when making the system. Nevertheless, it was the first serious attempt of its time, and thus it was rapidly adopted by most of the Wuhu Island archaeologist community, many members of which were personal friends or acquaintances of Mark Mii himself. | Indeed, the system itself was built quickly out of necessity by Mark Mii as a way to transliterate ancient Nawuhu writing, and he himself admitted he did not take verbal transcription into account when making the system. Nevertheless, it was the first serious attempt of its time, and thus it was rapidly adopted by most of the Wuhu Island archaeologist community, many members of which were personal friends or acquaintances of Mark Mii himself. | ||
Since its establishment as the official romanisation of Nawuhu, some other systems have tried to replace the Mark Mii system. One strong competitor is the ''Apakäaka'' system. This system, created by an actual native Nawuhu speaker, is quite different from the Mark Mii system; for example, /j/ is written ⟨j⟩, /ɕ ʑ/ are written ⟨ś ź⟩ and /e/ is written ⟨ä⟩, /ʉ/ is written ⟨ŭ⟩ and the identical vocalic syllable separation is unmarked instead of marked with an apostrophe. This system is mostly used by Nawuhu native political exiles, with its creator also being a political exile currently residing in Hawaii due to his opposition towards the Almondrian regime. Thus, this romanisation system is not used officially on the island, though it still appears overseas in research papers of the island. | Since its establishment as the official romanisation of Nawuhu, some other systems have tried to replace the Mark Mii system. One strong competitor is the ''Apakäaka'' system. This system, created by an actual native Nawuhu speaker, is quite different from the Mark Mii system; for example, /j/ is written ⟨j⟩, /ɕ ʑ/ are written ⟨ś ź⟩ and /e/ is written ⟨ä⟩, /ʉ/ is written ⟨ŭ⟩ and the identical vocalic syllable separation is unmarked instead of marked with an apostrophe, with a dash indicating [[Nawuhu#Glottalisation|phonemic pre-glottalisation]]. This system is mostly used by Nawuhu native political exiles, with its creator also being a political exile currently residing in Hawaii due to his opposition towards the Almondrian regime. Thus, this romanisation system is not used officially on the island, though it still appears overseas in research papers of the island. | ||
===Consonants=== | ===Consonants=== | ||
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;" | {| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;" | ||
! !! Bilabial !! Alveolar !! Alveolo-<br>palatal !! Palatal !! Velar !! Glottal | ! colspan=2 | !! Bilabial !! Alveolar !! Alveolo-<br>palatal !! Palatal !! Velar !! Glottal | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Plosive | ! colspan=2 |Plosive | ||
| p b || t d || || || k g || | | p b || t d || || || k g || | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Nasal | ! rowspan=2 | Nasal | ||
! pulmonic | |||
| m || n || || ɲ || ŋ || | | m || n || || ɲ || ŋ || | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Fricative | ! pre-glottalised | ||
| ˀm || ˀn || || || ˀŋ | |||
|- | |||
! colspan=2 |Fricative | |||
| || s z || ɕ ʑ || (ç) || || h~ɦ | | || s z || ɕ ʑ || (ç) || || h~ɦ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Semivowel | ! colspan=2 |Semivowel | ||
| w || || || j || || | | w || || || j || || | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Lateral | ! colspan=2 |Lateral | ||
| || l || || ʎ || || | | || l || || ʎ || || | ||
|} | |} | ||
/h/ and /ɦ/ are interchangeable, but most speakers only pronounced /ɦ/ in intervocalic positions(between vowels), hence the /ɦ/ in ''[[Contionary:wúhu|wú'''h'''u]]''. | /h/ and /ɦ/ are interchangeable, but most speakers only pronounced /ɦ/ in intervocalic positions(between vowels), hence the /ɦ/ in ''[[Contionary:wúhu|wú'''h'''u]]''. | ||
====Glottalisation==== | |||
Though glottal stops do not occur phonemically in Nawuhu, some consonants are pre-glottalised at the beginning of a word, usually /n/, /m/ and /ŋ/. This glottalisation is not marked, mainly because Mark Mii, the creator of the Mark Mii romanisation system, never actually noticed the phonemic pre-glottalisation when researching the language. However, subsequent studies that interrogated actual native speakers did note the phonemic difference, with one research paper noting that one subject reportedly joked that a foreigner they had met greeted them with ''yeniye ngala!'' [jenije ŋala], meaning "Give us the spider!", instead of what the subject believed the foreigner wanted to say, ''yeniye *ngala!''(The asterisk is a common unofficial way to note pre-glottalisation) [jenije ˀŋala], meaning "Welcome [to my home]!". | |||
===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;" | {| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;" | ||