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Haššûl: Difference between revisions
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→MARKING HIERARCHY
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====Nominal marking==== | ====Nominal marking==== | ||
:{| | |||
|- | |||
| Subject pronoun: free pronoun, short form | |||
|- | |||
| Referent anaphora: the same vs. anoher mentioned vs. anoter not mentioned (begs for introduction) | |||
|- | |||
| Stem - Infixes | |||
|- | |||
| Tense: [anterior] vs. [past/perfective] vs. [relative present tense] vs. [present-future/imperfective] vs. [posterior] | |||
|- | |||
| Inverse: I/O | |||
|- | |||
| Object number (transitive verbs) | |||
|- | |||
| Aspect: | |||
|- | |||
| Mood: | |||
|- | |||
| Voice: indicative vs. interrogative vs. negative vs. subjunctive/conditional vs. potential/optative | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center" | |||
|- | |||
! colspan=2| -2 || -1 || colspan=2| 0 || colspan=2| 1 || 2 || 3 || 4 || 5 || 6 | |||
|- | |||
! colspan=2| Subj.Pron (free pr. short form) || Ref.Anaph || Stem || <nowiki><infixes></nowiki> || colspan=2| Tense || Inverse || Obj.Nr || Aspect || Mood || Voice | |||
|- | |||
| e=n- || S>P/n_ (ej. h>k) || -Ø- || -happ=a- || <nowiki><šnV></nowiki><sup>1</sup> || -ra=z- || =z/_V[-high] || -n- || -- || -ô- || -r- || -i | |||
|- | |||
| e=y- || -a/_C [plosive] || -i- || -happ=š- || || -ra=x- || =x/_t, d || -Ø- || -- || -ta- || -n- || -u | |||
|- | |||
| || || -šku- || -haptu-* || || -ra=n- || =n/_V[+high], n || || -- || -û- || -š- || -Ø | |||
|- | |||
| || || || || || colspan=2| -Ø- || -C- || -- || -î- || -l- || -k | |||
|- | |||
| || || || || || -ša=r- || =r/_n || || -Ø- || -ne- || -x- || -t | |||
|- | |||
| || || || || || -ša=k- || =k/_t || || || || || | |||
|- | |||
| || || || || || -ša=s- || =s/ || || || || || | |||
|- | |||
| || || || || || -xtu- || || || || || || | |||
|- | |||
| || || || || || -kše- || || || || || || | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
====Verbal marking==== | ====Verbal marking==== | ||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center" | |||
|- | |||
! -2 || -1 || 0 || 1 || 2 || 3 || 4 || 5 || 6 | |||
|- | |||
! Subj.Pron || Ref.Anaph || Root || Tense || Inverse || Obj.Nr || Aspect || Mood || Voice | |||
|- | |||
| 1S.NOM || SAME || to.bread.cook || PRES || DIRECT || UNSP || UNSP || ACT | |||
|- | |||
| wâ[N]- || -Ø- || -hanaptu-kkû- || -Ø- || -Ø- || -Ø- || -Ø- || -š- || -Ø | |||
|- | |||
| colspan=9| wâ[N]-Ø-hanaptu-kkû-Ø-Ø-Ø-Ø-š-Ø} | |||
|- | |||
| colspan=9| ''wânkanaptukkûš'' | |||
|- | |||
| colspan=9| "it is a common occurrence that I bake bread" | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
* haptu- < happ=ttu- | |||
<sup>1</sup> the verb receives an incorporated noun in genitive compound; akin to a construct state marking in the verb. | |||
==DEICTICS== | ==DEICTICS== | ||