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Attian: Difference between revisions
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→Distal demonstratives
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The feminine demonstrative pronouns have been subjected to loaning, explaining the diverseness in roots. However, the remaining roots are derived from the root √t, which is translated as ''one, pertaining to unity''. | The feminine demonstrative pronouns have been subjected to loaning, explaining the diverseness in roots. However, the remaining roots are derived from the root √t, which is translated as ''one, pertaining to unity''. | ||
====Distal demonstratives==== | ====Distal demonstratives==== | ||
The distal demonstratives, sometimes | The distal demonstratives, in Attian grammar sometimes called ''functional articles'' or ''normal'' demonstratives imply a relatively far distance way from the speaker, similarly to the English deictic "''that''". The demonstratives have a range of functions: | ||
*The instrumental forms transform verbal nouns to adverbs after verbs. | |||
*The locative forms transform nouns to locational or directional adverbs after verbs. | |||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 450px; " | {| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 450px; " | ||
! colspan="7"|Distal demonstrative pronouns | ! colspan="7"|Distal demonstrative pronouns | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! style="text-align: center; "|<small>Agentive</small> | ! style="text-align: center; "|<small>Agentive</small> | ||
| style="text-align: center;"|'' | | style="text-align: center;"|''ta<sup>1</sup>'' | ||
| style="text-align: center;"|''an/va'' | | style="text-align: center;"|''an/va'' | ||
| style="text-align: center;"|''ta'' | | style="text-align: center;"|''tu/ta<sup>1</sup>'' | ||
| style="text-align: center;"|''tim'' | | style="text-align: center;"|''tim'' | ||
| style="text-align: center;"|''vim'' | | style="text-align: center;"|''vim'' | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! style="text-align: center; "|<small>Instrumental</small> | ! style="text-align: center; "|<small>Instrumental</small> | ||
| style="text-align: center;"|''tan | | style="text-align: center;"|''tan'' | ||
| style="text-align: center;"|''an'' | | style="text-align: center;"|''an'' | ||
| style="text-align: center;"|''tun | | style="text-align: center;"|''tun'' | ||
| style="text-align: center;"|''itan'' | | style="text-align: center;"|''itan'' | ||
| style="text-align: center;"|''in'' | | style="text-align: center;"|''in'' | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! style="text-align: center; "|<small>Locative</small> | ! style="text-align: center; "|<small>Locative</small> | ||
| style="text-align: center;"|'' | | style="text-align: center;"|''tat'' | ||
| style="text-align: center;"|''vat'' | | style="text-align: center;"|''vat'' | ||
| style="text-align: center;"|'' | | style="text-align: center;"|''tut | ||
| style="text-align: center;"|''itat'' | | style="text-align: center;"|''itat'' | ||
| style="text-align: center;"|''ivat'' | | style="text-align: center;"|''ivat'' | ||
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|} | |} | ||
#The instrumental demonstratives may be identical to the agentive ones when preceeding adverbs. | #The instrumental demonstratives may be identical to the agentive ones when preceeding adverbs. | ||
*It is important to note that null-coda articles are inverted and prefixed when preceeding a word with an onset. Thus for example ''ta'' → ''at-''. | |||
====Proximal demonstratives==== | ====Proximal demonstratives==== | ||