803
edits
Bźatga: Difference between revisions
→Derivation
| Line 793: | Line 793: | ||
Diminutives can be formed from nouns with ''-ńa'' (e.g. ''meńa'' "little woman" < ''mena'') and from adjectives with ''-ga'' or ''-ca'' (e.g. ''douga/douca'' "little black one" < ''dova''); ''-ca'' tends to have more negative overtones. | Diminutives can be formed from nouns with ''-ńa'' (e.g. ''meńa'' "little woman" < ''mena'') and from adjectives with ''-ga'' or ''-ca'' (e.g. ''douga/douca'' "little black one" < ''dova''); ''-ca'' tends to have more negative overtones. | ||
Abstracts are formed from nouns and occasionally adjectives with ''- | Abstracts are formed from nouns and occasionally adjectives with ''-aća'', creating states or actions (e.g. ''ģevaća'' "divinity" < ''ģeva''), or ''-reda'' (e.g. ''brêćreda'' "confusion, disorder"), and from nouns alone by ''-sa'' (e.g. ''źisa'' "kingdom" < ''źi''). ''-dra'', ''-ja'' and ''-dud'' form abstracts from adjectives (e.g. ''daudra'' "goodness" < ''dava'', ''vêła'' "honesty" < ''vêla'', ''joucdud'' "youth" < ''jouca''). ''-da'' and ''-t'' are used to form abstracts from verbs (e.g. ''carda'' "love", ''cart'' "beloved"). | ||
===Adjectives=== | |||
The following suffixes are used to form adjectives: | |||
* ''-ga'' is added to nouns forming general adjectives of quality (e.g. ''neuga'' "heavenly"). | |||
* ''-źa'' is added to nouns meaning "full" (e.g. ''ounźa'' "fearful"). | |||
* ''-la'' may be added to nouns, adjectives or verbs (e.g. ''dońla'' "human"). | |||
* ''-led'' is added to nouns to mean 'covered with' or to adjectives to modify the sense (e.g. ''vjadled'' "bloody", ''jeńled'' "coldish, cool"). | |||
See also [[Bźatga#Verbal_Nouns_and_Adjectives|Verbal Adjectives]] | |||
===Verbs=== | |||
Verbs are usually formed from nouns either by using the stem directly (e.g. ''cazde'' "he regrets" < ''caza'' "regret"), or by iotising the final consonant of the stem (e.g. ''roģde'' "he travels" < ''roda'' "wheel"). | |||
The verb ''aća'' "go" (stem ''au-'') is compounded with adjectives to form verbs meaning "become, make, turn" and with nouns meaning "be, act as" (e.g. ''vidaude'' "it whitens, it turns white", ''vidaća'' "whitening", ''źijausemi'' "I acted as king, I ruled"). | |||
==Vocabulary== | ==Vocabulary== | ||