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→Verbal Nouns and Adjectives
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====Verbal Nouns and Adjectives==== | ====Verbal Nouns and Adjectives==== | ||
The verbal noun is formed by adding ''-ą'' to the stem and is declined like a 4th declension noun. It functions as an abstract noun denoting the action of the verb, e.g. ''velą'' "seeing, vision, sight". The direct object of the verbal noun follows it directly in the NA case, e.g. ''zlaźą e'' "killing him", ''velą Noį'' "seeing Noį" | The verbal noun is formed by adding ''-ą'' to the stem and is declined like a 4th declension noun. It functions as an abstract noun denoting the action of the verb, e.g. ''velą'' "seeing, vision, sight". The direct object of the verbal noun follows it directly in the NA case, e.g. ''zlaźą e'' "killing him", ''velą Noį'' "seeing Noį". | ||
Two irregular verbal nouns exist: ''bôda'' "to be" (1st declension), which has irregular verbal stems (see [[Bźatga#.22To_Be.22|below]]), and ''aća'' "go" (1st declension), which is conjugated regularly on the stem ''au-''. Both of these verbs have numerous compounds, which are conjugated like the simple verbs, e.g. ''vagaća'' "emptying, draining (intrans.)", ''vagauseje'' "they emptied", ''vrăbidetu'' "you overcome", ''vrăbôda'' "overcoming". | |||
There are three verbal adjectives: | There are three verbal adjectives: | ||
* The '''Present Participle''' is formed by adding the prefix ''ĕ-'' to the verbal noun when it begins with a consonant or ''ĕn-'' when it begins with a vowel, e.g. ''ĕvelą'' "seeing", ''ĕnezą'' "eating". | * The '''Present Participle''' is formed by adding the prefix ''ĕ-'' to the verbal noun when it begins with a consonant or ''ĕn-'' when it begins with a vowel, e.g. ''ĕvelą'' "seeing", ''ĕnezą'' "eating". | ||
* The '''Past Passive Participle''' is formed with the suffix ''-da'' added to the verb stem, e.g. ''veŭda'' "seen", ''ezda'' "eaten". | * The '''Past Passive Participle''' is formed with the suffix ''-da'' added to the verb stem, e.g. ''veŭda'' "seen", ''ezda'' "eaten". | ||
* The '''Participle of Necessity''', equivalent to English adjectives in "-able", "-ible" and "-worthy", is formed with the suffix ''-doja'' added to the verb stem, e.g. ''veŭdoja'' "visible", ''zlaźdoja'' "killable". | * The '''Participle of Necessity''', equivalent to English adjectives in "-able", "-ible" and "-worthy", is formed with the suffix ''-doja'' added to the verb stem, e.g. ''veŭdoja'' "visible", ''zlaźdoja'' "killable". | ||
====Summary of Verb Forms==== | ====Summary of Verb Forms==== | ||