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User:Waahlis/Hrasic: Difference between revisions
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The [[w:plurative|plurative]] ({{sc|pl}}) marks when there are multiple nouns, but more than two. It does not have the collective sense that the English equivalent does. | The [[w:plurative|plurative]] ({{sc|pl}}) marks when there are multiple nouns, but more than two. It does not have the collective sense that the English equivalent does. | ||
===== | ====Gender==== | ||
In the animate gender ({{sc|an}}), most of the times the collective goes unmarked. | There are two [[w:Grammatical gender|gender]]s in the Hrasic language, the [[w:animacy|animate]] ({{sc|an}}) and inanimate ({{sc|inan}}). The animate gender includes only living animals and insects, as well as supernaturals like spirits and deities. The inanimate gender mainly denotes non-living objects, abstractions as well as flowers and microorganisms. | ||
====Classes==== | |||
There are a multitude of declensional classes in the Hrasic languages, below are the four most common ones. These decline with either a marked dual-collective or a marked singulative number. | |||
=====I class animate===== | |||
In the animate gender ({{sc|an}}), most of the times the collective goes unmarked. This class is the so-called first class animate. | |||
{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;" | {| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;" | ||
| Line 645: | Line 651: | ||
|<small>gur</small> | |<small>gur</small> | ||
|<small>-∅</small> | |<small>{{blue|-∅}}</small> | ||
! | ! | ||
| Line 681: | Line 687: | ||
=====II class animate===== | |||
Not all animates have a marked singulative, however. The second class of animate nouns ({{sc|c2.an}}) has a marked collective instead. | |||
{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;" | {| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;" | ||
| Line 710: | Line 717: | ||
|<small>tiánu</small> | |<small>tiánu</small> | ||
|<small>-∅</small> | |<small>{{blue|-∅}}</small> | ||
! | ! | ||
| Line 751: | Line 758: | ||
=====I class inanimate===== | |||
The first class of inanimates ({{sc|c1.inan}}) has an unmarked collective. Nouns in this class are often [[w:collective nouns|collective nouns]]. | |||
{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;" | {| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;" | ||
|+ | |+ | ||
<!-- Sentence --> | <!-- Sentence --> | ||
| colspan="2"|''' | | colspan="2"|'''hara''' | ||
! | ! | ||
| colspan="2"|''' | | colspan="2"|'''hár''' | ||
! | ! | ||
| colspan="2"|''' | | colspan="2"|'''haran''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
<!-- Pronunciation--> | <!-- Pronunciation--> | ||
| colspan="2"|/ | | colspan="2"|/ˈhɑrɑ/ | ||
! | ! | ||
| colspan="2"|/ | | colspan="2"|/ˈhær/ | ||
! | ! | ||
| colspan="2"|/ | | colspan="2"|/ˈhɑrɑn/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
<!-- Morphemes--> | <!-- Morphemes--> | ||
|<small> | |<small>hár</small> | ||
|<small>- | |<small>-a</small> | ||
! | ! | ||
|<small> | |<small>hár</small> | ||
|<small> | |<small>{{blue|-∅}}</small> | ||
! | ! | ||
|<small> | |<small>hár</small> | ||
|<small>- | |<small>-an</small> | ||
|- | |- | ||
<!-- Gloss--> | <!-- Gloss--> | ||
| | |wheat.{{sc|c1.inan}} | ||
| -{{sc|nom.sg.}} | | -{{sc|nom.sg.}} | ||
! | ! | ||
| {{sc| | |||
| | |wheat.{{sc|c1.inan}} | ||
| -{{sc|nom.dc.}} | |||
! | ! | ||
| | |wheat.{{sc|c1.inan}} | ||
| -{{sc|nom.pl}} | | -{{sc|nom.pl}} | ||
| Line 809: | Line 818: | ||
<!-- Translations --> | <!-- Translations --> | ||
| colspan="2"| ''A | | colspan="2"| ''A grain of wheat'' | ||
! | ! | ||
| colspan="2"|'' | | colspan="2"|''Wheat (''as a cereal'')<br> Two grains of wheat'' | ||
! | ! | ||
| colspan="2"|'' | | colspan="2"|''Several grains of wheat'' | ||
|} | |} | ||
=====II class inanimate===== | |||
Concerning class 2 inanimate nouns ({{sc|c2.inan}}), the singulative most often goes unmarked, just like class 2 animates. | |||
{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;" | {| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;" | ||
|+ | |+ | ||
<!-- Sentence --> | <!-- Sentence --> | ||
| colspan="2"|''' | | colspan="2"|'''chac''' | ||
! | ! | ||
| colspan="2"|''' | | colspan="2"|'''achac''' | ||
! | ! | ||
| colspan="2"|''' | | colspan="2"|'''chacú''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
<!-- Pronunciation--> | <!-- Pronunciation--> | ||
| colspan="2"|/ | | colspan="2"|/ˈkʰɑk̚/ | ||
! | ! | ||
| colspan="2"|/ | | colspan="2"|/ɑˈkʰɑk̚/ | ||
! | ! | ||
| colspan="2"|/ | | colspan="2"|/ˈkʰɑk̚ɯ/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
<!-- Morphemes--> | <!-- Morphemes--> | ||
|<small> | |<small>chac</small> | ||
|<small>- | |<small>{{blue|-∅}}</small> | ||
! | ! | ||
|<small> | |<small>a-</small> | ||
|<small> | |<small>chac</small> | ||
! | ! | ||
|<small> | |<small>chac</small> | ||
|<small>- | |<small>-ú</small> | ||
|- | |- | ||
<!-- Gloss--> | <!-- Gloss--> | ||
| | |box.{{sc|c2.inan}} | ||
| -{{sc|nom.sg.}} | | -{{sc|nom.sg.}} | ||
! | ! | ||
| {{sc|nom.dc.}}- | |||
| | |box.{{sc|c2.inan}} | ||
| | |||
! | ! | ||
| | |box.{{sc|c2.inan}} | ||
| -{{sc|nom.pl}} | | -{{sc|nom.pl}} | ||
| Line 880: | Line 889: | ||
<!-- Translations --> | <!-- Translations --> | ||
| colspan="2"| ''A | | colspan="2"| ''A box'' | ||
! | ! | ||
| colspan="2"|'' | | colspan="2"|''Boxes (''as a group'')<br> Two boxes'' | ||
! | ! | ||
| colspan="2"|'' | | colspan="2"|''Boxes; several'' | ||
|} | |} | ||
====Case==== | ====Case==== | ||
| Line 994: | Line 1,000: | ||
| colspan="2"|Thanks to/despite '''him'''. | | colspan="2"|Thanks to/despite '''him'''. | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" rowspan="2"| | ! colspan="2" rowspan="2"|Semblative | ||
| colspan="2"|For comparations, and semblatives. | | colspan="2"|For comparations, and semblatives. | ||
| colspan="2"|It is '''like a fish'''. | | colspan="2"|It is '''like a fish'''. | ||