User:IlL/Spare pages 1/3
| IlL/Spare pages 1/3 | |
|---|---|
| croveš | |
| Pronunciation | [/tsʁoˈveʃ/] |
| Created by | IlL, Praimhín |
| Setting | Verse:Tricin |
Lakovic
| |
Tsrovesh (croveš /tsʁoˈveʃ/) is a Lakovic language spoken in Zagvneti in Talma, inspired by Modern Hebrew, Georgian, and Armenian.
It is a mostly agglutinative language.
Introduction
Unlike Classical Windermere or Tseer, Tsrovesh has many loans from an ancient (unnamed) pre-Lakovic substrate, often called the Kodṛcha-Tzameshut Archeological Complex (KTAC).
It went through some of the strangest sound changes in Lakovic.
Old Tsrovesh grammar is much closer to Classical Windermere, Classical Tseer, or Häskä than to Modern Tsrovesh.
Todo
ikcav = "topic"?
be- = agentive?
xamak = Dr.
mic- = adverb prefix? (micloxer = furiously)
PLak with a Philly Cockney accent?
initial t could be added randomly to vowel-initial words in tsrovesh (from an earlier sandhi/liaison-like phenomenon)
Dialects
Tsrovesh is fairly dialectally uniform. The dialect spoken in the eastern region of Kadzovetia aspirates voiceless stops.
Phonology
Orthography
Tsrovesh is most commonly written with the Windermere alphabet.
Consonants
| Labial | Dental | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m /m/ | n /n/ | ||||
| Plosive | voiceless | p /p/ | t /t/ | k /k/ | ||
| voiced | b /b/ | d /d/ | g /g/ | |||
| Fricative | voiceless | s /s/ | š /ʃ/ | x /x/ | h /h/ | |
| voiced | v /v/ | z /z/ | ž /Z/ | r /ʁ/ | ||
| Affricate | c /ts/ | č /tʃ/ | ||||
| Approximant | l /l/ | |||||
Syllabic resonants: ṃ ṇ ḷ ṛ ṿ
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i /i/ | u /u/ | |
| Mid | e /e/ | o /o/ | |
| Open | a /a/ |
Consecutive vowels are prohibited.
Prosody
Stress
Intonation
Phonotactics
Tsrovesh phonology is slightly less restrictive than Israeli Hebrew but much more so than Georgian. As in both languages, initial consonant clusters appear frequently in Tsrovesh. Initial clusters of the form l/r + consonant are allowed (Are those really syllabic resonants?). For example:
- croveš (the name of the language)
- ldag (door)
- šmer (man)
- cnaxat (dream)
- gzin (to shine)
- vna (to live)
- lvar (to play)
- tkešet (regardless)
- švili (for me)
Medial consonant clusters are also common:
- ertma (spider)
- detkvis (limestone)
- opxram (reed)
All final clusters are prohibited.
Stress
Stress is always penultimate.
Morphology
Nouns
Plurals by redup: crov 'a language' > crcrov 'languages'
Definite suffix -i or -ti: lakov 'a person' > lakovi 'the person'; ertma 'a spider' > ertmati 'the spider'
Somewhat agglutinating; no grammatical gender
Honorific is marked with -is.
Verbs
mic- (from PLak *mi-ca-, ca- is related to Wdm sa-)
me- for the present (from PLak mi)
bare verb stem = subjunctive/future
past tense ablaut (like gzin -> gazan; lvar -> laver) - from *-H?
Ablaut patterns:
- C(a)CiC -> CaCaC
- C(a)CaC -> CaCeC
- C(a)CoC -> CaCuC
- C(a)CeC -> liCCaC
- C(a)CuC -> liCCeCon
ə may appear as /a/ in some verbs, like žacem -> ližcam
Regular past tense: li-(VERB)-et (an example: masar "to dance" -> limasaret "danced")
li- ~ ni- some past tense morpheme in Proto-Ashanic?
Pronominal suffixes
- 1sg -ivi
- 1du.in -er
- 2sg -eš
- 3sg -ek
- 1pl.ex -ivli
- 1pl.in -erli
- 2pl -ešli
- 3pl -ekli
Derivational morphology
- atse- 'style of, à la'
- atsegeban '(literary) realism' < geban 'true, real'
Syntax
Constituent order
Finnish relex
Noun phrase
The adjective comes before the noun in Tsrovesh:
udvanit ertmati = the happy spider
(udvanit = happy, ertma = spider)
But relative clauses are placed after the noun:
ertma, ža-ves šmeri lixavenet = spider who the man killed
Verb phrase
Sentence phrase
Conjunctions
et = and
-eb = and (used like Latin -que)
Dependent clauses
Numbers
adan, avat, šelvi, sṃči, mevci, dači, avci, lucebi, azorbi, kteva?
kteva adaneb, kteva avateb, kteva šelvib, ktela sṃčib, ... (could those be KTAC words?)