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First Linguifex Relay/Kiwi: Difference between revisions
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<i> Ōnatahāʻi wakaʻi, ma keʻeli,<br> | <i> Ōnatahāʻi wakaʻi, ma keʻeli,<br> | ||
kanāti me telēaheʻ, <br> | kanāti me telēaheʻ, <br> | ||
kanāti | kanāti maʻorīnā, <br> | ||
wewiʻakānia nuhuʻ kikaukaʻime,<br> | kilāʻ wewiʻakānia nuhuʻ kikaukaʻime,<br> | ||
ʻūluna tāʻingīne wetāʻitelā,<br> | ʻūluna tāʻingīne wetāʻitelā,<br> | ||
ʻūluna tāʻipīriʻ, ūluna tāʻiwuʻe.<br> | ʻūluna tāʻipīriʻ, ūluna tāʻiwuʻe.<br> | ||
Katā yilāʻ yititelāʻinā<br> | |||
kilāʻ wewiʻakānia nuhuʻ kikaukaʻime,<br> | kilāʻ wewiʻakānia nuhuʻ kikaukaʻime,<br> | ||
ʻĀlunu ana me naʻi,<br> | ʻĀlunu ana me naʻi,<br> | ||
ʻālunu ana | ʻālunu ana taʻahumei taʻ hikōloʻi.''</i> | ||
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! style="width: 100px; "|Abbreviation | ! style="width: 100px; "|Abbreviation | ||
! style="width: 250px; "|Meaning | ! style="width: 250px; "|Meaning | ||
|- | |||
| > | |||
|transitivity direction | |||
|- | |- | ||
| 1 | | 1 | ||
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|. | |. | ||
|grammatical function separator | |grammatical function separator | ||
|- | |||
|PA | |||
|paucal | |||
|- | |||
|PL | |||
|plural | |||
|- | |- | ||
|VN | |VN | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|SUPL | |SUPL | ||
|superlative | |superlative applicative | ||
|} | |} | ||
''Kanāti hikaukaʻinā''<br> | ''Kanāti hikaukaʻinā''<br> | ||
<small>kanātia hi-kaukaʻi-nā</small><br> | <small>kanātia hi-kaukaʻi-nā</small><br> | ||
to_sing. | to_sing.{{sc|vn-nom}} c8.{{sc|gen}}-song_bird.{{sc|pa-gen}}<br> | ||
''Ōnatahāʻi wakaʻi, ma keʻeli,''<br> | ''Ōnatahāʻi wakaʻi, ma keʻeli,''<br> | ||
<small>ōna-tahāʻi wakaʻi-∅ ma keʻeli</small><br> | <small>ōna-tahāʻi wakaʻi-{{sc|∅}} ma keʻeli</small><br> | ||
{{sc|supl}}-to_drift.{{sc|vn-nom}} ground.{{sc|pa-acc}} a.{{sc|art}} to_dream.{{sc|vn}} <br> | |||
''kanāti me telēaheʻ ''<br> | ''kanāti me telēaheʻ ''<br> | ||
<small>kanāti me telēa-heʻ</small><br> | <small>kanāti me telēa-heʻ</small><br> | ||
to_sing. | to_sing.{{sc|vn-nom}} no.{{sc|art}} reason.{{sc|pa-ben}}<br> | ||
''kanāti maʻorīnā''<br> | ''kanāti maʻorīnā''<br> | ||
<small>kanāti maʻorī-nā</small><br> | <small>kanāti maʻorī-nā</small><br> | ||
to_sing. | to_sing.{{sc|vn-nom}} murder.{{sc|pa-gen}}<br> | ||
''kilāʻ wewiʻakānia nuhuʻ kikaukaʻime''<br> | ''kilāʻ wewiʻakānia nuhuʻ kikaukaʻime''<br> | ||
<small>ki-lāʻ we~wiʻakāni-a nuhuʻ ki~kaukaʻi-me</small><br> | <small>ki-lāʻ we~wiʻakāni-a nuhuʻ ki~kaukaʻi-me</small><br> | ||
c6-two | c6-two {{sc|pl}}~lover-{{sc|nom}} to_fly.{{sc|vn-nom}} {{sc|pl}}~song_bird-{{sc|inst}}<br> | ||
''ʻūluna tāʻingīne wetāʻitelā''<br> | ''ʻūluna tāʻingīne wetāʻitelā''<br> | ||
<small>ʻūluna tāʻi-ngīne we-tāʻi-telā</small><br> | <small>ʻūluna tāʻi-ngīne we-tāʻi-telā</small><br> | ||
ocean. | ocean.{{sc|pa.acc}} {{sc|c6.adz}}-gust and-{{sc|c6.adz}}-change<br> | ||
''ʻūluna tāʻipīriʻ, ʻūluna tāʻiwuʻe.''<br> | ''ʻūluna tāʻipīriʻ, ʻūluna tāʻiwuʻe.''<br> | ||
<small>ʻūluna tāʻi-pīriʻ, ʻūluna tāʻi-wuʻe</small><br> | <small>ʻūluna tāʻi-pīriʻ, ʻūluna tāʻi-wuʻe</small><br> | ||
ocean. | ocean.{{sc|pa.acc}} {{sc|c6.adz}}-cold ocean.{{sc|pa.acc}} {{sc|c6.adz}}-ice<br> | ||
''Katā yilāʻ yititelāʻinā''<br> | ''Katā yilāʻ yititelāʻinā''<br> | ||
<small>kata-a yi-lāʻ yi-ti~telā-ʻinā</small><br> | <small>kata-a yi-lāʻ yi-ti~telā-ʻinā</small><br> | ||
time.{{sc|pa-nom}} {{sc|c8}}-two {{sc|c8.gen-pl}}~change-{{sc|gen}}<br> | |||
''kilāʻ wewiʻakānia nuhuʻ kikaukaʻime,''<br> | ''kilāʻ wewiʻakānia nuhuʻ kikaukaʻime,''<br> | ||
<small>ki-lāʻ we~wiʻakāni-a nuhuʻ ki~kaukaʻi-me</small><br> | <small>ki-lāʻ we~wiʻakāni-a nuhuʻ ki~kaukaʻi-me</small><br> | ||
c6-two | {{sc|c6}}-two {{sc|pl}}~lover-{{sc|nom}} to_fly.{{sc|vn-nom}} {{sc|pl}}~song_bird-{{sc|inst}}<br> | ||
''ʻĀlunua ana me naʻi,''<br><small>ʻālunu-a ana me naʻi</small><br> | ''ʻĀlunua ana me naʻi,''<br><small>ʻālunu-a ana me naʻi</small><br> | ||
abyss. | abyss.{{sc|pa-nom}} {{sc|past}} not to_speak<br> | ||
''ʻĀlunua ana taʻahumei taʻ hikōloʻi.''<br> | ''ʻĀlunua ana taʻahumei taʻ hikōloʻi.''<br> | ||
<small>ʻālunu-a ana taʻahu-mei taʻ-∅ hi-kōloʻi</small><br> | <small>ʻālunu-a ana taʻahu-mei taʻ-∅ hi-kōloʻi</small><br> | ||
abyss. | abyss.{{sc|pa-nom}} {{sc|past}} {{sc|3>4.pa}}-to_see that.{{sc|rel-acc}} {{sc|c8.adz}}-secret<br> | ||
===Dictionary=== | ===Dictionary=== | ||
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{| class="bluetable lightbluebg sortable" style="width: 600px;" | {| class="bluetable lightbluebg sortable" style="width: 600px;" | ||
! style="width: 100px;" | | ! style="width: 100px;" | Kiwi !! style="width: 250px;" | English !! style="width: 250px;" | Notes | ||
|- | |- | ||
! kanāti | ! kanāti | ||
| to sing|| '' | | to sing|| ''verbal noun, c8'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{ | ! {{term|kaukaʻi}} | ||
| song bird || ''noun, c1'' | | song bird || ''noun, c1'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| to swim, to fly || ''verb'' | | to swim, to fly || ''verb'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{ | ! {{term|ʻūluna}} | ||
| ocean || ''noun, c6'' | | ocean || ''noun, c6'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! ōna- | ! ōna- | ||
| {{sc|superlative}} || ''Denotes movement '''over''' something else.'' | | {{sc|superlative}} || ''Denotes movement '''over''' something else.'' This is an applicative of sorts, and thus fixed to the verb. | ||
|} | |} | ||
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*[[Kiwi#Plural|Formation of the plural]] | *[[Kiwi#Plural|Formation of the plural]] | ||
*[[Kiwi#Classes and adjectivisation|What does c8, c6 and ADZ mean?]] | *[[Kiwi#Classes and adjectivisation|What does c8, c6 and ADZ mean?]] | ||
===Definiteness=== | |||
Kiwi makes no distinction in definiteness. There is an indefinite article, meaning "one", though. | |||
===Morphosyntactic alignment and copula=== | ===Morphosyntactic alignment and copula=== | ||
Kiwi is unusual in that it has a marked nominative morphosyntactic system, which means that the nominative is marked on nouns, but the accusative is not. The language also does not have a copula, but two arguments lacking a verb get connected. | Kiwi is unusual in that it has a marked nominative morphosyntactic system, which means that the nominative is marked on nouns, but the accusative is not. The language also does not have a copula, but two arguments lacking a verb get connected. | ||
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::''I am a girl'' | ::''I am a girl'' | ||
===VN: The verbal noun=== | ===VN: The verbal noun=== | ||
Kiwi makes use of verbal nouns when the subject and tense is unknown. Verbal nouns take many forms in English, in Kiwi, however, they all take the same form, the infinitive:: | Kiwi makes use of verbal nouns when the subject and tense is unknown, or when there is no direct object of the verb. Verbal nouns take many forms in English, in Kiwi, however, they all take the same form, the infinitive:: | ||
*'''''To err''' is human''. | *'''''To err''' is human''. | ||
*''I like '''singing'''. | *''I like '''singing'''. | ||
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{{Gloss | {{Gloss | ||
|phrase = {{ | |phrase = {{term|ʻūluna}} tāʻikulāʻ | ||
|IPA = /ʔuːluˈnɑ taːʔɪquˈlaːʔ/ | |IPA = /ʔuːluˈnɑ taːʔɪquˈlaːʔ/ | ||
|morphemes = ʻūluna tāʻi-kulāʻ | |morphemes = ʻūluna tāʻi-kulāʻ | ||
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In the Kiwi language, the object and subject of a transitive verb are both marked with one prefix, this is called [[Kiwi#Bipersonal agreement|bipersonal agreement]]. | In the Kiwi language, the object and subject of a transitive verb are both marked with one prefix, this is called [[Kiwi#Bipersonal agreement|bipersonal agreement]]. | ||
*A subject X acts upon an object Y. | *A subject X acts upon an object Y. | ||
===4=== | |||
Fourth person, 4, denotes an [[w:Obviation|obviate third person]]. | |||
[[Category:First Linguifex Relay]] | |||
[[Category:Kiwi relay texts]] | |||