IPA for Izhkut: Difference between revisions

(7 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)

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| colspan=2 | <big>{{IPA|b}}</big> || a'''b'''arm || a'''b'''out

|-

| <big>{{IPA|ð}}</big> || rowspan=2 | <big>{{IPA|d}}</big> || khrugi'''d''', Brigashe'''d''' || SI: '''th'''en GC: to'''d'''ay

| <big>{{IPA|ð}}</big> || rowspan=2 | <big>{{IPA|d}}</big> || khrugi'''d''', Brigashe'''d'''<ref>Standard /d/ becomes /ð/ before or after /i ɪ̯/ or /e ɨ̯/.</ref> || SI: '''th'''en GC: to'''d'''ay

|-

| rowspan=2 | <big>{{IPA|d}}</big> || '''d'''ul, u'''d''' || to'''d'''ay

|-

| <big>{{IPA|d͡ʒ}}</big> || '''d'''rapuk || SI: to'''d'''ay GC: '''g'''ym

| <big>{{IPA|d͡ʒ}}</big> || '''d'''rapuk<ref>Colonial /d/ becomes /d͡ʒ/ before /ɹ ɹʷ/.</ref> || SI: to'''d'''ay GC: '''g'''ym

|-

| rowspan=2 | <big>{{IPA|f}}</big> || <big>{{IPA|ɸ}}</big> || o'''ff'''lu, '''f'''liz || SI: '''f'''ace GC: '''ph'''ew!

| rowspan=2 | <big>{{IPA|f}}</big> || <big>{{IPA|ɸ}}</big> || o'''ff'''lu, '''f'''liz<ref name="l-precedent">The colonial phonemes /ɸ β ç/ are allophones of /f v h/(Standard /f v x (h)/) respectively before /l ɫ/.</ref>|| SI: '''f'''ace GC: '''ph'''ew!

|-

| <big>{{IPA|f}}</big> || '''f'''osh, mehe'''f''' || '''f'''ace

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| colspan=2 | <big>{{IPA|g}}</big> || le'''g'''', le'''g'''e, '''g'''', '''g'''e || a'''g'''ain

|-

| rowspan=2 | <big>{{IPA|l}}</big> || <big>{{IPA|ɫ}}</big> || '''l'''a, '''l'''~~aid, '''~~l~~'''an~~ || SI: '''l'''et GC: fee'''l''', te'''ll'''

| colspan=2 | <big>{{IPA|j}}</big> || '''y'''eid, '''y'''ovë || '''y'''ou

|-

| rowspan=2 | <big>{{IPA|l}}</big> || <big>{{IPA|ɫ}}</big> || '''l'''a, op'''l'''er<ref>Colonial /ɫ/ is an allophone of /l/ before /a u/ and in consonant clusters.</ref>|| SI: '''l'''et GC: fee'''l''', te'''ll'''

|-

| <big>{{IPA|l}}</big> || i'''l'''eiv, ya'''l'''os || '''l'''et

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| <big>{{IPA|n}}</big> || rowspan=2 | <big>{{IPA|n}}</big> || '''n'''i, '''n'''ir, '''n'''eid || '''kn'''eel

|-

| <big>{{IPA|n̪}}</big> || jë'''nn''', yojju'''n''' || SI: mo'''n'''th GC: '''kn'''eel

| <big>{{IPA|n̪}}</big> || jë'''nn''', yojju'''n'''<ref>Standard /n̪/ is a coda allophone of /n/.</ref> || SI: mo'''n'''th GC: '''kn'''eel

|-

| colspan=2 | <big>{{IPA|ɲ}}</big> || '''ny'''alim || ca'''ny'''on

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| colspan=2 | <big>{{IPA|p}}</big> || '''p'''liedu, o'''p'''ler || s'''p'''ouse

|-

| <big>{{IPA|ɾʷ}}</big> || <big>{{IPA|ɹʷ}}</big> || e'''r'''um || SI: GA wa'''t'''er, but [[w:Labialization|labialised]] GC: '''r'''ed

| <big>{{IPA|ɾʷ}}</big> || <big>{{IPA|ɹʷ}}</big> || e'''r'''um, kh'''r'''ugid<ref>Standard /ɾʷ/ is an allophone of /ɾ/ before /u/. Colonial /ɹʷ/ holds the same purpose for /ɹ/.</ref> || SI: GA wa'''t'''er, but [[w:Labialization|labialised]] GC: '''r'''ed

|-

| <big>{{IPA|ɾ}}</big> || rowspan=2 | <big>{{IPA|ɹ}}</big> || d'''r'''apuk, z'''r'''e || SI: GA wa'''t'''er GC: '''r'''inse

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| <big>{{IPA|ɾʲ}}</big> || heg'''r'''ij, B'''r'''igashed || SI: GA wa'''t'''er, but [[w:Palatalization|palatalised]] GC: '''r'''inse

|-

| colspan=2 | <big>{{IPA|s}}</big>

| colspan=2 | <big>{{IPA|s}}</big> || '''s'''lai, uo'''s''' || '''s'''ting

|-

| rowspan=2 | <big>{{IPA|z}}</big> || <big>{{IPA|z}}</big> || bilo'''z''', u'''z'''us || '''z'''ebra

|-

| rowspan=2 | <big>{{IPA|ʒ}}</big> || hem'''z'''in,<ref>Colonial /z/ becomes /ʒ/ before /i/. Also often phonetically spelt ''hem'''zh'''in'' in General Colonial.</ref> uo'''z'''im || SI: '''z'''ebra GC: plea'''s'''ure

|-

| <big>{{IPA|ʒ}}</big> || i'''zh'''kut, I'''zh'''kutrëa || plea'''s'''ure

|-

| colspan=2 | <big>{{IPA|ʃ}}</big> || reo'''sh''', '''Sh'''ahin || '''sh'''in

|-

| colspan=2 | <big>{{IPA|t}}</big> || '''t'''isun || s'''t'''op

|-

| <big>{{IPA|h}}</big> || rowspan=2 | <big>{{IPA|h}}</big> || '''h'''ils, li'''h'''im || '''h'''igh

|-

| rowspan=2 | <big>{{IPA|x}}</big> || '''kh'''rugid, vlo'''kh''' || SI: Scottish lo'''ch''' GC: '''h'''igh

|-

| <big>{{IPA|ç}}</big>

| o'''h'''l/o'''ch'''l, me'''h'''lod<ref name="l-precedent"></ref> || SI: Scottish lo'''ch''' GC: '''h'''ue

|-

| rowspan=2 | <big>{{IPA|v}}</big> || <big>{{IPA|β}}</big> || me'''v'''lei, '''v'''lokh<ref name="l-precedent"></ref> || SI: '''v'''isor GC: between '''b'''a'''b'''y and be'''v'''y

|-

| <big>{{IPA|v}}</big> || '''v'''usun, yo'''v'''ë || '''v'''isor

|-

| <big>{{IPA|ɟ}}</big> || <big>{{IPA|d͡ʒ}}</big> || '''j'''ënn, za'''j''', yo'''jj'''un || SI: roughly like RP '''d'''ue GC: '''g'''ym

|}

| style="vertical-align:top;" |

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"

! colspan=4 | Vowels

|-

! colspan=2 | [[Help:IPA|IPA]] !! rowspan=2 | Examples !! rowspan=2 | English approximations

|-

! SI !! GC

|-

| colspan=2 | <big>{{IPA|a}}</big> || '''a'''b'''a'''rm || RP tr'''a'''p

|-

| colspan=2 | <big>{{IPA|i}}</big> || b'''i'''loz, '''i'''leiv || s'''ea'''t

|-

| rowspan=2 | <big>{{IPA|e}}</big> || <big>{{IPA|e}}</big> || l'''e'''g || Scottish c'''a'''se

|-

| <big>{{IPA|ə}}</big> || leg'''e''', zr'''e'''<ref>Colonial /ə/ is a fairly common coda allophone of /e/.</ref> || SI: c'''a'''se GC: '''a'''bove

|-

| colspan=2 | <big>{{IPA|ɛ}}</big> || yov'''ë''' || b'''e'''t

|-

| <big>{{IPA|o}}</big> || <big>{{IPA|ɔ}}</big> || y'''o'''vë<ref>Standard /o/ also lowers to /ɔ/ in the [[Izhkut#South dialects|Pokht-influenced dialects]].</ref> || SI: st'''o'''ry GC: '''o'''ff

|-

| colspan=2 | <big>{{IPA|u}}</big> || d'''u'''l, '''u'''d || c'''oo'''l

|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"

! colspan=4 | Suprasegmentals

|-

! colspan=2 | [[Help:IPA|IPA]] !! rowspan=2 | Examples !! rowspan=2 | Description

|-

! SI !! GC

|-

| colspan=2 | <big>{{IPA|ˈ}}</big> || '''jënn''' [ˈɟɛ̂n̪] [ˈd͡ʒeːn] || primary stress

|-

| ~~colspan=2~~ | <big>{{IPA|ʃ}}</big>

| <big>{{IPA|̂}}</big> || <big>{{IPA|ː}}</big> || j'''ënn''' [ˈɟɛ̂n̪] [ˈd͡ʒeːn] || SI: [[Izhkut#Pitch-accent|falling pitch accent]] GC: [[Colonial Izhkut#Vowel length|long vowel]]

|}

@@ Line 15: / Line 15: @@
 | colspan=2 | <big>{{IPA|b}}</big> || a'''b'''arm || a'''b'''out
 |-
-| <big>{{IPA|ð}}</big> || rowspan=2 | <big>{{IPA|d}}</big> || khrugi'''d''', Brigashe'''d''' || SI: '''th'''en<br>GC: to'''d'''ay
+| <big>{{IPA|ð}}</big> || rowspan=2 | <big>{{IPA|d}}</big> || khrugi'''d''', Brigashe'''d'''<ref>Standard /d/ becomes /ð/ before or after /i ɪ̯/ or /e ɨ̯/.</ref> || SI: '''th'''en<br>GC: to'''d'''ay
 |-
 | rowspan=2 | <big>{{IPA|d}}</big> || '''d'''ul, u'''d''' || to'''d'''ay
 |-
-| <big>{{IPA|d͡ʒ}}</big> || '''d'''rapuk || SI: to'''d'''ay<br>GC: '''g'''ym
+| <big>{{IPA|d͡ʒ}}</big> || '''d'''rapuk<ref>Colonial /d/ becomes /d͡ʒ/ before /ɹ ɹʷ/.</ref> || SI: to'''d'''ay<br>GC: '''g'''ym
 |-
-| rowspan=2 | <big>{{IPA|f}}</big> || <big>{{IPA|ɸ}}</big> || o'''ff'''lu, '''f'''liz || SI: '''f'''ace<br>GC: '''ph'''ew!
+| rowspan=2 | <big>{{IPA|f}}</big> || <big>{{IPA|ɸ}}</big> || o'''ff'''lu, '''f'''liz<ref name="l-precedent">The colonial phonemes /ɸ β ç/ are allophones of /f v h/(Standard /f v x (h)/) respectively before /l ɫ/.</ref>|| SI: '''f'''ace<br>GC: '''ph'''ew!
 |-
 | <big>{{IPA|f}}</big> || '''f'''osh, mehe'''f''' || '''f'''ace
@@ Line 29: / Line 29: @@
 | colspan=2 | <big>{{IPA|g}}</big> || le'''g'''', le'''g'''e,<br>'''g'''', '''g'''e || a'''g'''ain
 |-
-| rowspan=2 | <big>{{IPA|l}}</big> || <big>{{IPA|ɫ}}</big> || '''l'''a, '''l'''aid, '''l'''an || SI: '''l'''et<br>GC: fee'''l''', te'''ll'''
+| colspan=2 | <big>{{IPA|j}}</big> || '''y'''eid, '''y'''ovë || '''y'''ou
+|-
+| rowspan=2 | <big>{{IPA|l}}</big> || <big>{{IPA|ɫ}}</big> || '''l'''a, op'''l'''er<ref>Colonial /ɫ/ is an allophone of /l/ before /a u/ and in consonant clusters.</ref>|| SI: '''l'''et<br>GC: fee'''l''', te'''ll'''
 |-
 | <big>{{IPA|l}}</big> || i'''l'''eiv, ya'''l'''os || '''l'''et
@@ Line 37: / Line 39: @@
 | <big>{{IPA|n}}</big> || rowspan=2 | <big>{{IPA|n}}</big> || '''n'''i, '''n'''ir, '''n'''eid || '''kn'''eel
 |-
-| <big>{{IPA|n̪}}</big> || jë'''nn''', yojju'''n''' || SI: mo'''n'''th<br>GC: '''kn'''eel
+| <big>{{IPA|n̪}}</big> || jë'''nn''', yojju'''n'''<ref>Standard /n̪/ is a coda allophone of /n/.</ref> || SI: mo'''n'''th<br>GC: '''kn'''eel
 |-
 | colspan=2 | <big>{{IPA|ɲ}}</big> || '''ny'''alim || ca'''ny'''on
@@ Line 43: / Line 45: @@
 | colspan=2 | <big>{{IPA|p}}</big> || '''p'''liedu, o'''p'''ler || s'''p'''ouse
 |-
-| <big>{{IPA|ɾʷ}}</big> || <big>{{IPA|ɹʷ}}</big> || e'''r'''um || SI: GA wa'''t'''er, but [[w:Labialization|labialised]]<br>GC: '''r'''ed
+| <big>{{IPA|ɾʷ}}</big> || <big>{{IPA|ɹʷ}}</big> || e'''r'''um, kh'''r'''ugid<ref>Standard /ɾʷ/ is an allophone of /ɾ/ before /u/. Colonial /ɹʷ/ holds the same purpose for /ɹ/.</ref> || SI: GA wa'''t'''er, but [[w:Labialization|labialised]]<br>GC: '''r'''ed
 |-
 | <big>{{IPA|ɾ}}</big> || rowspan=2 | <big>{{IPA|ɹ}}</big> || d'''r'''apuk, z'''r'''e || SI: GA wa'''t'''er<br>GC: '''r'''inse
@@ Line 49: / Line 51: @@
 | <big>{{IPA|ɾʲ}}</big> || heg'''r'''ij, B'''r'''igashed || SI: GA wa'''t'''er, but [[w:Palatalization|palatalised]]<br>GC: '''r'''inse
 |-
-| colspan=2 | <big>{{IPA|s}}</big>
+| colspan=2 | <big>{{IPA|s}}</big> || '''s'''lai, uo'''s''' || '''s'''ting
+|-
+| rowspan=2 | <big>{{IPA|z}}</big> || <big>{{IPA|z}}</big> || bilo'''z''', u'''z'''us || '''z'''ebra
+|-
+| rowspan=2 | <big>{{IPA|ʒ}}</big> || hem'''z'''in,<ref>Colonial /z/ becomes /ʒ/ before /i/. Also often phonetically spelt ''hem'''zh'''in'' in General Colonial.</ref> uo'''z'''im || SI: '''z'''ebra<br>GC: plea'''s'''ure
+|-
+| <big>{{IPA|ʒ}}</big> || i'''zh'''kut, I'''zh'''kutrëa || plea'''s'''ure
+|-
+| colspan=2 | <big>{{IPA|ʃ}}</big> || reo'''sh''', '''Sh'''ahin || '''sh'''in
+|-
+| colspan=2 | <big>{{IPA|t}}</big> || '''t'''isun || s'''t'''op
+|-
+| <big>{{IPA|h}}</big> || rowspan=2 | <big>{{IPA|h}}</big> || '''h'''ils, li'''h'''im || '''h'''igh
+|-
+| rowspan=2 | <big>{{IPA|x}}</big> || '''kh'''rugid, vlo'''kh''' || SI: Scottish lo'''ch'''<br>GC: '''h'''igh
+|-
+| <big>{{IPA|ç}}</big>
+| o'''h'''l/o'''ch'''l, me'''h'''lod<ref name="l-precedent"></ref> || SI: Scottish lo'''ch'''<br>GC: '''h'''ue
+|-
+| rowspan=2 | <big>{{IPA|v}}</big> || <big>{{IPA|β}}</big> || me'''v'''lei, '''v'''lokh<ref name="l-precedent"></ref> || SI: '''v'''isor<br>GC: between '''b'''a'''b'''y and be'''v'''y
+|-
+| <big>{{IPA|v}}</big> || '''v'''usun, yo'''v'''ë || '''v'''isor
+|-
+| <big>{{IPA|ɟ}}</big> || <big>{{IPA|d͡ʒ}}</big> || '''j'''ënn, za'''j''', yo'''jj'''un || SI: roughly like RP '''d'''ue<br>GC: '''g'''ym
+|}
+| style="vertical-align:top;" |
+{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
+! colspan=4 | Vowels
+|-
+! colspan=2 | [[Help:IPA|IPA]] !! rowspan=2 | Examples !! rowspan=2 | English approximations
+|-
+! SI !! GC
+|-
+| colspan=2 | <big>{{IPA|a}}</big> || '''a'''b'''a'''rm || RP tr'''a'''p
+|-
+| colspan=2 | <big>{{IPA|i}}</big> || b'''i'''loz, '''i'''leiv || s'''ea'''t
+|-
+| rowspan=2 | <big>{{IPA|e}}</big> || <big>{{IPA|e}}</big> || l'''e'''g || Scottish c'''a'''se
+|-
+| <big>{{IPA|ə}}</big> || leg'''e''', zr'''e'''<ref>Colonial /ə/ is a fairly common coda allophone of /e/.</ref> || SI: c'''a'''se<br>GC: '''a'''bove
+|-
+| colspan=2 | <big>{{IPA|ɛ}}</big> || yov'''ë''' || b'''e'''t
+|-
+| <big>{{IPA|o}}</big> || <big>{{IPA|ɔ}}</big> || y'''o'''vë<ref>Standard /o/ also lowers to /ɔ/ in the [[Izhkut#South dialects|Pokht-influenced dialects]].</ref> || SI: st'''o'''ry<br> GC: '''o'''ff
+|-
+| colspan=2 | <big>{{IPA|u}}</big> || d'''u'''l, '''u'''d || c'''oo'''l
+|}
+{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
+! colspan=4 | Suprasegmentals
+|-
+! colspan=2 | [[Help:IPA|IPA]] !! rowspan=2 | Examples !! rowspan=2 | Description
+|-
+! SI !! GC
+|-
+| colspan=2 | <big>{{IPA|ˈ}}</big> || '''jënn''' [ˈɟɛ̂n̪] [ˈd͡ʒeːn] || primary stress
 |-
-| colspan=2 | <big>{{IPA|ʃ}}</big>
+| <big>{{IPA|̂}}</big> || <big>{{IPA|ː}}</big> || j'''ënn''' [ˈɟɛ̂n̪] [ˈd͡ʒeːn] || SI: [[Izhkut#Pitch-accent|falling pitch accent]]<br>GC: [[Colonial Izhkut#Vowel length|long vowel]]
 |}