Linguifex

Jugsnorsk: Difference between revisions

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! colspan=5 | consonants  
! colspan=5 | consonants  
|-
|-
! rowspan=2 | Letter
! colspan=2 | Letter
! colspan=4 | IPA
! colspan=4 | IPA
|-
|-
! Cyrillic
! Latin
! plain
! plain
! with -s
! with -s
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! with -f
! with -f
|-
|-
| Б б
| B b
| B b
| b
| b
| colspan=3 | pʰ
| colspan=3 | pʰ
|-
|-
| Д д
| D d
| D d
| d
| d
| colspan=3 | tʰ
| colspan=3 | tʰ
|-
|-
| Ф ф
| F f
| F f
| f
| f
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| f(ː)
| f(ː)
|-
|-
| Г г
| G g
| G g
| ɡ
| ɡ
| colspan=3 | kʰ
| colspan=3 | kʰ
|-
|-
| Х х
| H h
| H h
| x
| x
| colspan=3 | h(ː)
| colspan=3 | h(ː)
|-
|-
| Й й
| J j
| J j
| j
| j
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| ç
| ç
|-
|-
| К к
| K k
| K k
| k
| k
| colspan=3 | kʰ
| colspan=3 | kʰ
|-
|-
| Л л
| L l
| L l
| l
| l
| colspan=3 | l̥~u
| colspan=3 | l̥~u
|-
|-
| М м
| M m
| M m
| m
| m
| colspan=3 | m̥
| colspan=3 | m̥
|-
|-
| Н н
| N n
| N n
| n
| n
| colspan=3 | n̥
| colspan=3 | n̥
|-
|-
| П п
| P p
| P p
| p
| p
| colspan=3 | pʰ
| colspan=3 | pʰ
|-
|-
| Р р
| R r
| R r
| r
| r
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| r̥
| r̥
|-
|-
| С с
| S s
| S s
| s
| s
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| ʃ
| ʃ
|-
|-
| Т т
| T t
| T t
| t
| t
| colspan=3 | tʰ
| colspan=3 | tʰ
|-
|-
| В в
| V v
| V v
| ʋ
| ʋ
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| ʋː~uʋ
| ʋː~uʋ
|-
|-
| Ц ц
| Z z
| Z z
| tʰ
| tʰ
| colspan=3 | —
| colspan=3 | —
|-
|-
| rowspan=2 | Д̆ д̆
| Þ þ
| Þ þ
| θ
| θ
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! colspan=8 | vowels  
! colspan=8 | vowels  
|-
|-
! rowspan=3 | Letter
! rowspan=2 colspan=2 | Letter
! colspan=5 | IPA
! colspan=5 | IPA
! style="width: 75px;" rowspan=3 | Notes
|-
|-
! colspan=2 | stressed
! colspan=2 | stressed
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! rowspan=2 | new long
! rowspan=2 | new long
|-
|-
! Cyrillic
! Latin
! plain
! plain
! old long
! old long
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! old long
! old long
|-
|-
| А а
| A a
| A a
| ɑ
| ɑ
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| ɑː
| ɑː
|-
|-
| Э э
| E e
| E e
| e
| e
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| eː
| eː
|-
|-
| Я я
| Ę ę
| ɛ
| ɛy̯
| —
| —
| ɛː
| ę́ is the only sound in Jugsnorsk with mixed rounding.
|-
| И и
| I i
| I i
| i
| i
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| iː
| iː
|-
|-
| О о
| O o
| O o
| o
| o
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| oː
| oː
|-
|-
| Ө ө
| Ǫ ǫ
| ɔ
| o̞u̯
| —
| —
| ɔː
| ǫ́ is identical to ó in sound
|-
| У у
| U u
| U u
| u
| u
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| uː
| uː
|-
|-
| Ӱ ӱ
| Y y
| Y y
| y
| y
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| yː
| yː
|-
|-
| Ӧ ӧ
| Ø ø
| Ø ø
| ø
| ø
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:Extensive use of ligatures
:Extensive use of ligatures
:Shorthand (such as "⁊" and "ᛘ")
:Shorthand (such as "⁊" and "ᛘ")
:Use of a "zig-zag" for "er" and "ir" (such as "ꝩ͛a" for "vera"). Sometimes you may see it alone standing for "er", here it's larger, looking like the rune "ᛋ"
:Use of a "zig-zag" for "er" and, uniquely to Jugsnorsk, "ar". It is also occasionally used for "aj" when from older "aʀ".
:Noun endings are reduced significantly, the "-ʀ" (modern "-j") endings are often all reduced to a simple "j", often with a strike through it, like "ɟ".
:Use of R rotunda ("ꝛ"), this often attaches to the preceding letter when it is a large curve (like in "oꝛ")
:Use of R rotunda ("ꝛ"), this often attaches to the preceding letter when it is a large curve (like in "oꝛ")


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As with most other Germanic languages, a distinction between gender is made, which Jugsnorsk, like many Nordic languages, underwent the masculine/feminine merger that created the modern common/neuter system, though it is far more progressed than many of the continental Nordic languages, having undergone the change in pronouns as well. These are divided into ending, which is typically determined by the form in [[w:Proto-Germanic|Proto-Germanic]], which occasionally leads to potentially confusing stem names, such as "common ō-stem" nouns, which now have a null ending, where Proto-Germanic had *-ō. The strong/weak distinction is less important in the modern day, as the adjectival distinction this came from has since been lost in its entirety, so noun patterns are generally named for the gender and the stem type (eg. ''common a-stem'').
As with most other Germanic languages, a distinction between gender is made, which Jugsnorsk, like many Nordic languages, underwent the masculine/feminine merger that created the modern common/neuter system, though it is far more progressed than many of the continental Nordic languages, having undergone the change in pronouns as well. These are divided into ending, which is typically determined by the form in [[w:Proto-Germanic|Proto-Germanic]], which occasionally leads to potentially confusing stem names, such as "common ō-stem" nouns, which now have a null ending, where Proto-Germanic had *-ō. The strong/weak distinction is less important in the modern day, as the adjectival distinction this came from has since been lost in its entirety, so noun patterns are generally named for the gender and the stem type (eg. ''common a-stem'').


 
In the 1950's, a shift occurred that led to the development of the Jugsnorsk neo-vocative through degrading ''je'' into the modern ''{{term|j'}}'', which, with the way it acts, is essentially a case prefix.
====Strong nouns====
====Strong nouns====
=====Common patterns=====
=====Common patterns=====
{{Jugsnorsk nouns c-a|avl}}
{{Jugsnorsk nouns c-a|avl}}
{{Jugsnorsk nouns c-a|úv|1l=ú}}




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'''Jugsnorsk''':
'''Jugsnorsk''':
:ęk drǿmðu mik a drǿms í nát ū : sýkis ok fýds
:"Proper": ęk drǿmðu mik a drǿms í nát ū : sýksi ok fýds
:[ˌɛk ˈdrøːː.ðʊ ˌmik ɐ ˈdrøːːs i ˈnɐu̯t uː : ˈsʏy̯.kɪs ɔ ˈfʏy̯tʰ]
::[ˌɛk ˈdrøːː.ðʊ ˌmik ɐ ˈdrøːːs i ˈnɐu̯t uː : ˈsʏy̯.kʰɪ ɔ ˈfʏy̯tʰ]
:Informal: ę'drǿmðu mi(h) drǿms í náð ū : sýksi o fýds
::[ˌɛ.ˈdrøːː.ðʊ ˌmi ˈdrøːːs i ˈnɐu̯ð uː : ˈsʏy̯.kʰɪ ɔ ˈfʏy̯tʰ]


#"a" is a filler syllable to make it flow better, it has no semantic meaning.
#"a" is a filler syllable to make it flow better, it has no semantic meaning.
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|}
|}


#:"spá" from Old Norse "spá", meaning "to foretell".
#"spá" from Old Norse "spá", meaning "to foretell".
#"feskj" from Old Húsnorsk *feskʀ, a form with introduced a-umlaut.
#"feskj" from Old Húsnorsk *feskʀ, a form with introduced a-umlaut.
#"skīð" from Old Húsnorsk *skinþ, a continuation of -nþ- from Proto-Germanic.
#"skīð" from Old Húsnorsk *skinþ, a continuation of -nþ- from Proto-Germanic.
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