Jugsnorsk: Difference between revisions
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|pronunciation=ˈyɡ.rɐ.ˌnor̥.kʰɐ | |pronunciation=ˈyɡ.rɐ.ˌnor̥.kʰɐ | ||
|ethnicity=Jugsnorsk | |ethnicity=Jugsnorsk | ||
|states=[[w: | |states=The areas along the [[w:Katun (river)|Katun]] and [[w:Biya (river)|Biya]] | ||
|fam1=[[w:Indo-European|Indo-European]] | |fam1=[[w:Indo-European|Indo-European]] | ||
|fam2=[[w:Germanic Languages|Germanic]] | |fam2=[[w:Germanic Languages|Germanic]] | ||
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|script1=Runr | |script1=Runr | ||
|script2=Latn | |script2=Latn | ||
|script3=Brai | |script3=Cyrl | ||
|script4=Brai | |||
|ancestor=[[w:Old Norse language|Old Norse]] | |ancestor=[[w:Old Norse language|Old Norse]] | ||
|ancestor2=[[w:Old East Norse|Old East Norse]] | |ancestor2=[[w:Old East Norse|Old East Norse]] | ||
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|stand1=Varhúsnorsk | |stand1=Varhúsnorsk | ||
|familycolor=Indo-European | |familycolor=Indo-European | ||
|minority=<small>[[w:Altai Republic|Altai Republic]]</small></br><small>[[w:Buryatia|Buryatia]]</small></br><small>[[w:Mongolia| | |minority=<small>[[w:Altai Republic|Altai Republic]]</small></br><small>[[w:Buryatia|Buryatia]]</small></br><small>[[w:Mongolia|Far western Mongolia]]</small> | ||
|speakers=(L1) 400,000 | |speakers=(L1) 400,000 | ||
|speakers2=(L2) 20,000 | |speakers2=(L2) 20,000 | ||
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}} | }} | ||
[[Jugsnorsk]] (/jugz.norsk/; [[w:endonym|endonym]]: ''Ygranorska'', [ˈyɡ.rɐ.ˌnor̥.kʰɐ]) is a group of several closely related dialects of the Húsnorsk language, though many linguists would now class it as a distinct language. Being a group of dialects, Jugsnorsk forms the ''Eastern Húsnorsk dialect continuum'', so-called such as it is entirely mutually unintelligible with [[Nygadsnorsk]] <ref>Ósafojlj & Abbi (2011). ''A concise comparison of Novgorodian Norse and Yugric Norse''. pp. 8-9. ''([[A concise comparison of Novgorodian Norse and Yugric Norse|digitized]] and updated in 2022)''</ref> | [[Jugsnorsk]] (/jugz.norsk/; [[w:endonym|endonym]]: ''Ygranorska'', [ˈyɡ.rɐ.ˌnor̥.kʰɐ]) is a group of several closely related dialects of the Húsnorsk language, though many linguists would now class it as a distinct language. Being a group of dialects, Jugsnorsk forms the ''Eastern Húsnorsk dialect continuum'', so-called such as it is entirely mutually unintelligible with [[Nygadsnorsk]], both from sound changes and semantic shift.<ref>Ósafojlj & Abbi (2011). ''A concise comparison of Novgorodian Norse and Yugric Norse''. pp. 8-9. ''([[A concise comparison of Novgorodian Norse and Yugric Norse|digitized]] and updated in 2022)''</ref> | ||
==History== | ==History== | ||
===Name=== | |||
Jugsnorsk has had many names since it first split, the earliest being ''Plýggnorska'', a pejorative meaning "Fleer's Norse", this was used by the people of Novgorod for many decades, nearly a century. It next gained the common name still used for it, ''Jugranorska'' (modern: ''Ygranorska''), though this would fall to ''A(l)tænorska'', ''A(l)tæ'' (modern ''Átæ'') meaning "Altai mountains", coming from Northern Altai ''Алтай'', this name still persists, but is far less common than ''Ygranorska'', which has had a resurgence and overtook ''Átænorska''. | |||
===Early Jugsnorsk (1770AD~1850AD)=== | ===Early Jugsnorsk (1770AD~1850AD)=== | ||
In the early 1770's, a large exodus of Húsnorsk from Novgorod began, likely spurred on by the [[w:1770-1772 Russian plague|Russian plague]], these fleeing families would move east, into [[w:Siberia|Siberia]] (So-called "Jugra" by the Húsnorsk, from Russian [[w:Yugra|Yugra]]). These Húsnorsk were once called "Plýggnorska" ("Fleeing Norse"), though this is a [[w:pejorative|pejorative]], and they are now called "Jugsnorsk" ("Yugra's Norse"). | In the early 1770's, a large exodus of Húsnorsk from Novgorod began, likely spurred on by the [[w:1770-1772 Russian plague|Russian plague]], these fleeing families would move east, into [[w:Siberia|Siberia]] (So-called "Jugra" by the Húsnorsk, from Russian [[w:Yugra|Yugra]]). These Húsnorsk were once called "Plýggnorska" ("Fleeing Norse"), though this is a [[w:pejorative|pejorative]], and they are now called "Jugsnorsk" ("Yugra's Norse"). | ||
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===Modern Jugsnorsk (1850AD~Today)=== | ===Modern Jugsnorsk (1850AD~Today)=== | ||
==Development== | ===Development=== | ||
Jugsnorsk's phonological history is largely extremely well understood. The exact mechnism through which the laudative and pejorative forms developed is not understood well though. | Jugsnorsk's phonological history is largely extremely well understood. The exact mechnism through which the laudative and pejorative forms developed is not understood well though. | ||
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As can be seen with this table, nouns can be irregular, especially when it consists of a vowel followed by l, as historic l-vocalization caused additional vowel alternations on top of umlaut. | As can be seen with this table, nouns can be irregular, especially when it consists of a vowel followed by l, as historic l-vocalization caused additional vowel alternations on top of umlaut. | ||
{{Jugsnorsk nouns c-u|pej=k|ás| | {{Jugsnorsk nouns c-u|pej=k|ás|æs}} | ||
The u-stem has largely become identical to the i-stem, the only difference being the i-umlaut in the nominative plural. | The u-stem has largely become identical to the i-stem, the only difference being the i-umlaut in the nominative plural. | ||
{{Jugsnorsk nouns c-c|najl| | {{Jugsnorsk nouns c-c|najl|najl}} | ||
In ''najlj'', you see how historic sound shifts occasionally flatten umlaut variations, such as here with the old /a/-/ɛ/ dynamic, where in Jugsnorsk /ɛ/ has merged with /a/. This should not be thought of as the removal of umlaut, but rather the loss of the distinction, as the umlaut variations can still be seen in other words, such as the following word: | |||
{{Jugsnorsk nouns c-c|pej=j|figg|fygg}} | {{Jugsnorsk nouns c-c|pej=j|figg|fygg}} | ||
Here in ''figgj'' you see how i- | Here in ''figgj'' you see how i-umlauted ''i'' becomes ''y'', instead of the expected outcome of being unaffected. | ||
======Feminine patterns====== | ======Feminine patterns====== | ||
The feminines have long since merged with the masculines to form the commons, this section will cover how each feminine pattern merged into the masculines. some of the feminine patterns have remained distinct in form, but still became common in treatment. | The feminines have long since merged with the masculines to form the commons, this section will cover how each feminine pattern merged into the masculines. some of the feminine patterns have remained distinct in form, but still became common in treatment. | ||
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{{Jugsnorsk familial terms}} | {{Jugsnorsk familial terms}} | ||
A large majority of the terms in the ''bloðhýski'' and ''kǿsthýski'' tables are rare. The terms with the side specified (''móð-'' and ''fað-''; ''kø,-'' and ''kar-'') are largely only used for step-siblings (siblings who only share one parent) and step-children (children you yourself did not help conceive), so the middle section should be treated as the primary | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist}} | {{Reflist}} | ||