Schlaub
Schlaub/Lexicon
Schlaub/Swadesh list
Schlaub | |
---|---|
Ntzog Schlaub | |
Pronunciation | [/ⁿz̪o̤˧ ɬəʊ˥˩/] |
Created by | Praimhín, IlL |
Setting | Verse:Tricin |
Hlou-Shum
| |
Schlaub (English: /(h)loʊ/ loh; natively: Ntzog Schlaub /ⁿtsʰo̤˧ ɬəu˥˩/; Windermere: brits Ław) is a Bjeheondian tonal language, inspired by Hmong and German. It is the largest of the Hlou-Shum languages.
Background
As folk etymology has it, the name of the Hlou (Schlaub) people comes from the word schlaub 'temperate', thus 'of the temperate lands'.
Diachronics
Hlou merged Proto-Hlou-Shum ai au with ei ou into ei au /əɪ əʊ/. Even i u in some open syllables turned into ei au.
Rimes with glottal stop finals come from Proto-Hlou-Shum final stops.
ä > au; äh > oh
ë > ä; ëi > ei; ëh > äh
Phonology
Vowels
Hlou has 5 basic vowel qualities, but also has a number of diphthongs and nasal vowels.
a e i o u ä ö = /a e i o u ã~ɛ̃ õ/
ah eh ih oh uh äh öh = /aʔ eʔ .../ [only occurs with -Ø, -n, -l tones]
ei ie au äu = /əi~ai iə~ia əu~au əũ~aũ/
Consonants
Hlou has about 65 initials.
Labial | Lamino- dental |
Apico- alveolar |
Post- alveolar |
Retroflex | Velar | Labio- velar |
Glottal | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
plain | lateral | plain | lateral | plain | lateral | plain | lateral | ||||||
Nasal | voiceless | schm m̥ | schn n̥ | schnr ɳ̊ | |||||||||
voiced | m m | ml mˡ | n n | nl nˡ | nr ɳ | ||||||||
Plosive | tenuis | b p | bl pˡ | d t | dl tˡ | dr ʈ | drl ʈˡ | g k | gl kˡ | ʔ | |||
aspirated | p pʰ | pl pˡʰ | t tʰ | tl tˡʰ | tr ʈʰ | trl ʈˡʰ | k kʰ | kl kˡʰ | |||||
prenasalized | mb ᵐb | mbl ᵐbˡ | nd ⁿd | ndr ᶯɖ | ng ᵑɡ | ngl ᵑɡˡ | |||||||
mp ᵐpʰ | mpl ᵐpˡʰ | nt ⁿtʰ | ntr ᶯʈʰ | nk ᵑkʰ | nkl ᵑkˡʰ | ||||||||
Affricate | tenuis | dz ts̪ | ds ts̺ | dx tʃ | |||||||||
aspirated | pf pɸ | tz ts̪ʰ | ts ts̺ʰ | tx tʃʰ | |||||||||
prenasalized | ndz ⁿdz̪ | nds ⁿdz̺ | ndx ⁿdʒ | ||||||||||
mpf ᵐpɸ | ntz ⁿts̪ʰ | nts ⁿts̺ʰ | ntx ⁿtʃʰ | ||||||||||
Continuant | voiceless | f f | fl fˡ | z s̪ | s s̺ | schl ɬ | x ʃ | schr ʂ | sch ɧ | schw ʍ | h h | ||
voiced | v v | l l | j ʒ | r ʐ~ɻ | w w |
Tone
Schlaub has 8 tones, indicated by final letters in Schngellstein's orthography.
Orthography | Tone | Example |
---|---|---|
∅ | mid level / mid checked (33~32) | lau /ləu˧/ 'to plant' |
-n | low level / low checked (21~11) | laun /ləu˨˩/ 'to smile' |
-l | high level / high checked (45~55) | Laul /ləu˦˥/ 'song' |
-b | high falling (53~51) | Laub /ləu˥˩/ 'spring (season)' |
-d | peaking / rising (353~25) | Laud /ləu˨˥/ 'shoe' |
-g | breathy mid level (33 + breathy) | laug /lə̤u˧/ 'to knit' |
-s | dipping / low falling (313~31) | laus /ləu˧˩˧/ 'to receive' |
-ß | broken rising (3ˀ5) | Lauß /ləu˧ˀ˥/ 'wrinkle' |
Approximate tone frequencies: n ~ l > 0 > b > g ~ s ~ ß > d
Orthography
Traditional logography
Schngellstein's alphabet
Grammar
Hlou is anslytic and SVO, and is head-initial:
- Xan mpes Nän sein.
- 1SG drink water PROG
- I am drinking water.
- Dahn dsaul weg zu Mpfein aus zu Schnod.
- /taʔ˩ ts̺əu˦˥ we̤˧ s̪u˧ ᵐpɸəi˨˩ əu˧˩ s̪u˧ n̥o˨˥/
- 1PL speak about VN love and VN hate
- We speak about love and hate.
Are you saving it for me? = Zied dsohl ja nun xan ab? (2SG save 3SG.inan for 1SG INTERR)
we love him so we are welcoming him = Dahn mpfein so weil dahn nkeiß zu Schleib an so sein (1PL love 3SG.anim CONJ 1PL celebrate VN come GEN 3SG.anim PRES.PROG)
Pronouns
Personal
Person | Singular | Dual | Plural |
---|---|---|---|
1 | xan | bluß | dahn |
2 | zied | jehn | schlag |
3 | so (animate) ja (inanimate) |
nleib | zug |
2, 3 (respectful) | Sie |
Demonstrative
What | This | That | Any | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Pronominal | nab | naus | nein | nan |
Place | drab | draus | drein | dran |
Manner/Extent | rab | raus | rein | ran |
Prepositions
- bis = in, at
- je = from
- nun = for
- ob = vocative
- weg = about
- wie = to
- wen = like
Auxiliaries
- hab = causative
Particles
- sein = present progressive
- hin = past
- bei = future
- ihn = imperative
- mal = cohortative
- ab = interrogative (sentence final)
- eh = tag question (sentence final)
- da = exclamatory
- viel = softening
- eh = negative
- schon = prohibitive
- los = inchoative
- wohl = emphatic
Conjunctions
- aus = and
- in = or
- leid = but
- von = relative clause
- tun = complement clause
- daß = if
- weil = then, so, therefore
Nouns
ein = definite article
die = indefinite article
Words are pluralized by reduplication: Ndol Ndol = people
Verbs and adjectives
Adverbs can be formed from verbs via reduplication.
Classifiers
Schlaub does not use classifiers, unlike other languages in the region.
Numerals
1-10: die, beid, lähn, schred, kaß, traun, heid, ntzob, glaub, weiß
100: trleh
1000: schöd
Schm-reduplication
Hloh uses schm-reduplication, which works just like schm-reduplication in English, except that the schm-reduplicant is often repeated.
"Leid xan dzahl heb die Nöl da!" = but I COP just a noob EXCL "Nöl schmöl schmöl, zied mbuh ngäs man wohl!" = noob schmoob schmoob you can make_it EMPH
Fossilized morphology
- PHS s-
- Schlähn 'tribe' < lähn 'three'
- schlaub 'temperate' < Laub 'spring'
- Schwiß 'plain' < wiß 'flat'
- PHS -ʔ (reflected by tone change)
- -∅ > -b: Laub 'spring' < lau 'to plant'
- -g > -d: Lied 'art song' < lieg 'to tell a lie; (obsolete) to express'
Poetry
[Under construction]
Example of a rhyme scheme [the poem is gibberish]:
Original | IPA | English |
---|---|---|
Mpfein schwie ein Ntzähl aus Tsub, |
/ᵐpɸəi˨˩ ʍiə˧ ʔəi˨˩ ⁿts̪ʰãʔ˥ ʔəu˧˩ ts̺ʰu˥˩/ |
Sample text
Tower of Babel
- Bis Ndreib nein ein Xal dzeb flog die Ntzog aus die zu Wel meid hin.
- /pi˧˩ ᶯɖəi˥˩ nəi˨˩ ʔəi˨˩ ʃa˦˥ ts̪e˥˩ flo̤˧ tiə˧ ⁿts̪ʰo̤˧ ʔəu˧˩ tiə˧ s̪u˧we˦˥ məi˨˥ hi˨˩/
- LOC time that DEF world whole have INDEF language CONJ INDEF VN speak common PAST
- Now the whole world had one language and a common speech.
- Leid [bis Glied] zu Ndxub an ein Ndol Ndol wie Schnähn zug raug die Schwiß bis Xi-Na aus [nlub man] drein hin.
- /ləi˨˥ pi˧˩ kliə˨˥ s̪u˧ⁿdʒu˥˩ ʔa˨˩ ʔəi˨˩ ⁿdo˦˥ⁿdo˦˥ wiə˧ n̥ãʔ˩ s̪ṳ˧ ɻə̤u˧ tiə˧ ʍi˧ˀ˥ pi˧˩ ʃi˧na˧ ʔəu˧˩ nlu˥˩ma˨˩ ʈəi˨˩ hi˨˩/
- but [as] VN move GEN DEF person person PREP east 3PL find INDEF plain PREP Shinar CONJ [settle] there PAST
- As people moved eastward, they found a plain in Shinar and settled there.
- Aus ein Ndol Ndol tlau wie veß, "Ob bus Ngu aus nlaß zug [schlög schlög] mal."
- /ʔəu˧˩ ʔəi˨˩ ⁿdo˦˥ⁿdo˦˥ tɬʰəu˧ wiə˧ ve˧ˀ˥, "o˥˩ pu˧˩ ᵑɡu˧ ʔəu˧˩ nla˧ˀ˥ s̪ṳ˧ ɬõ̤˧ɬõ̤˧ ma˦˥"/
- CONJ DEF person person say PREP one_another, VOC make brick CONJ fire_ceramic 3PL [throughly] COHORT
- They said to each other, "Come, let's make bricks and bake them thoroughly."
- Zug [raug Mlob] Ngu [bis rohn] Pfaub aus Schrähl [bis rohn] [Kis Mbeh] hin.
- /s̪ṳ˧ ɻə̤u˧mlo˥˩ ᵑɡu˧ pi˧˩ɻoʔ˩ pɸəu˥˩ ʔəu˧˩ ʂãʔ˥ pi˧˩ɻoʔ˩ kʰi˧˩ᵐbeʔ˧ hi˨˩/
- 3PL use brick instead_of stone and tar instead_of mortar PAST
- They used brick instead of stone, and tar for mortar.
- Aus zug tlau, "Ob ntsaus die Mbihl nun dahn aus bis ja die Nklohl von Schmauß [raug man] Ntse mal.
- /ʔəu˧˩ s̪ṳ˧ tɬʰəu˧, "ʔo˥˩ ⁿts̺ʰəu˧˩ tiə˧ ᵐbiʔ˥ nu˨˩ taʔ˩ ʔəu˧˩ pi˧˩ ʒa˧ tiə˧ ᵑkʰloʔ˥ vo˨˩ m̥əu˧ˀ˥ ɻə̤u˧ma˨˩ ⁿts̺ʰe˧ ma˦˥/
- and 3PL say, VOC build INDEF city for 1PL and in it a tower REL top reach DEF sky COHORT
- And they said: "Come, let's build a city for ourselves and a tower in it, whose top would reach the sky.
- Rein dahn kla xaus Ntrob mal. In dzas dahn bloß mpeib dseil dseil ein Xal dzeb bei.
- That way we will make a name for ourselves; otherwise we will be scattered over the whole world."
- Leid ein Schwed schleib mpfau [...] hin.
- But the Lord came down to see the city and the tower the people were building.
- Ein Schwed tlau, [...]
- The Lord said, "If as one people speaking the same language they have begun to do this, then nothing they plan to do will be impossible for them.
- [...]
- "Come, let us go down and confuse their language so they will not understand each other.”
- Aus ein Schwed mpeib zug je drein dseil dseil ein Xal dzeb aus zug vus ntsaus ein Mbihl hin.
- So the Lord scattered them from there over all the earth, and they stopped building the city.
- Weil ja flog Ntrob Mba-Mbä — dsäus drein ein Schwed hab drleß ndäul ein Ntzog an ein Xal dzeb hin.
- That is why it was called Babel — because there the Lord confused the language of the whole world.
- Je drein ein Schwed mpeib zug dseil dseil ein Xal dzeb hin.
- From there the Lord scattered them over the face of the whole earth.