The charts below show the way in which the IPA represents Zjiiama Knrawi pronunciations. English approximations are loose in some cases and are only intended to give a general idea of the pronunciation. For more information, see Help:IPA.
This page is only for the variety of Knrawi spoken on Zjiiama Island, for other varieties see Knrawi IPA guides.
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IPA |
Example |
Translation |
(near) equivalent
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Vowels
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a
|
agu
|
face
|
father
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ə
|
sheya
|
large island
|
about
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ɛ
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isji
|
big
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bed
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ɪ
|
it
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head
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bid
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ɔ
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zjeyu
|
shore
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bot
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ʊ
|
cuy
|
angry
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book
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Differences from standard Knrawi
- /k̟,k̟ʰ,k̟ˣ,x̟,x̟ʰ,x̟ˣ/ are realized as [t͡ʃ,t͡ʃʰ,t͡ʃˣ,ʃ,ʃʰ,xʲ].
- /k̟,k̟ʰ,k̟ˣ,x̟,x̟ʰ/ adjacent to [ɪ] are realized as [kʲ,kʲʰ,kʲˣ,xʲ,xʲʰ].
- /k̠,k̠ʰ,k̠ˣ,x̠/ are realized as [k,kʰ,kˣ,x].
- /tˣ/ and [pˣ] are realized as [t͡sˣ] and [p͡fˣ].
- /ʍ/ is realized as [xʷ].
- /θ,θʰ,θˣ/ are realized as [s,sʰ,sˣ].
- Labialized /θ,θʰ,θˣ/ are realized as [f,fʰ,fˣ].
- /ɹ/ is realized as [r].
- Labialized /ɹ/ is realized as [v] (which doesn't merge with [w]).
- Fortified /ɹ/ is realized as [z].
- /ɉ/ is realized as [ɰ].
- Fortified /ɉ/ is realized as [ɣ].
- Fortition occurs word-finally.
- [ʔ̞] is realized as [ʔ] word-finally.
- Syllabic consonants are realized as [əC].
- Voiced geminants are glottalized.
- /ɪ,ʊ/ are realized as [i,u]
- /ɪɪ,ʊʊ/ are realized as [iː,uː]
- Unstressed /ɪ,ʊ/ (but not /ɪɪ,ʊʊ/) are realized as [ə,o̞]
- /a/ is realized as [ɒ] adjacent to labiovelar consonants.
- Unstressed /a/ and epenthetic [ə] are realized as
- [o̞] adjacent to labiovelar consonants.
- [ə] if not [o̞].
- Sequences of unstressed [ə] or [o̞] and stressed /a/ are realized as [aː] or [ɒː] respectively.
- [aː] is realized as [ɒː] adjacent to labiovelar consonants.
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