Brono-Fathanic: Difference between revisions

Brono-Fathanic (view source)

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 ===Morphophonology===
 ==Morphology==
-<!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. -->
+===Numerals===
+Modern Brono-Fathanic has two number systems, with a main duodecimal one borrowed from [[Chlouvānem]] which, unlike in its western neighbor [[Qualdomelic]], is supplemented by the native decimal one, which is however strictly limited in scope (rarely used for enumerating further than 30<sub>10</sub>).<br/>
+Numbers from 1 to ᘔ～10<sub>10</sub> are the same in both systems; higher numbers are built with native roots in the decimal system (e.g. 11<sub>10</sub> ''oranasa'', cf. Quald. ''urănțọr'', 13<sub>10</sub> ''oranatoary''), and with Chlouvānem roots for Ɛ and the dozens in the duodecimal one (Ɛ ''vedega'' < Chl. ''vælden''; 11<sub>12</sub> ''mamesa''). Unlike Qualdomelic, where the original 100<sub>10</sub> (from PSm *klābrod) does not have a numeral value anymore - meaning "a lot of" instead - in Brono-Fathanic that root now serves as the word for 100<sub>12</sub>, but compound dozenal hundreds use the Chlouvānem root ''-nihega''.
-<!-- Here are some example subcategories:
+As for types of numerals distinguished, Brono-Fathanic has cardinals, ordinals (all analytic except for 1<sup>st</sup> (and 2<sup>nd</sup> in Fathanic), with only ½ having a separate root), and distributives (all analytic, formed by reduplicating the numeral). The apparent irregularity in the Bronic distributive form for 2 is not, diachronically, an irregularity: the cardinal form was the original ordinal form (Proto-Samaidulic *nwejeno, cf. Quald. ''năjen''), which displaced the original cardinal (PSm *nadgo, cf. the distributive ''nago nago'' and Quald. ''nad'') in all but a few dialects; Fathanic still has the *nadgo reflex as the cardinal (''naŋ'', c.f. ordinal ''nŏń'', distr. ''naŋŋaŋ''), even if in colloquial speech the Bronic-influenced use of ''nŏń'' as cardinal is found.
-Nouns
+{| class="wikitable"
-Adjectives
+|-
-Verbs
+! Digit<sub>12</sub> !! <small>Base 10</small> !! Cardinal !! Ordinal !! Distributive
-Adverbs
+|-
-Particles
+! 0
-Derivational morphology
+| 0 || '''adra''' || <small>''(soaka adra)''</small> || <small>''(adra adra)''</small>
+|-
+! 1
+| 1 || '''sa''' || sama || sa sa
+|-
+! 2
+| 2 || '''noany'''|| soaka noany<br/>(½: ''boanty'') || nago nago
+|-
+! 3
+| 3 || '''toary''' || soaka toary || toary toary
+|-
+! 4
+| 4 || '''goaty''' || rowspan=12 | ''soaka'' + <small>CARD.</small> || rowspan=12 | <small>CARD.</small> + <small>CARD.</small>
+|-
+! 5
+| 5 || '''botra'''
+|-
+! 6
+| 6 || '''teaka'''
+|-
+! 7
+| 7 || '''sity'''
+|-
+! 8
+| 8 || '''node'''
+|-
+! 9
+| 9 || '''koba'''
+|-
+! ᘔ
+| 10 || '''orana'''
+|-
+! Ɛ
+| 11 || <small>(base 10):</small> '''oranasa'''<br/><small>(base 12):</small> '''vedega'''
+|-
+! 10
+| 12 || <small>(base 10):</small> '''oranoany'''<br/><small>(base 12):</small> '''mame'''
+|-
+! 11
+| 13 || <small>(base 10):</small> '''oranatoary'''<br/><small>(base 12):</small> '''mamesa'''
+|-
+! 12
+| 14 || <small>(base 10):</small> '''oranagoaty'''<br/><small>(base 12):</small> '''mamenoany'''
+|-
+! 13
+| 15 || <small>(base 10):</small> '''oranabotra'''<br/><small>(base 12):</small> '''mametoary'''
+|-
+! colspan=6 | ... <small>(further numbers only given in base 12)</small>
+|-
+! 20
+| 24 || '''noanimame''' || rowspan=11 | ''soaka'' + <small>CARD.</small> || rowspan=11 | <small>CARD.</small> + <small>CARD.</small>
+|-
+! 30
+| 36 || '''toarimame'''
+|-
+! 40
+| 48 || '''goatimame'''
+|-
+! 50
+| 60 || '''botramame'''
+|-
+! 60
+| 72 || '''teakamame'''
+|-
+! 70
+| 84 || '''sitimame'''
+|-
+! 80
+| 96 || '''nodemame'''
+|-
+! 90
+| 108 || '''kobamame'''
+|-
+! ᘔ0
+| 120 || '''tôndamame'''
+|-
+! Ɛ0
+| 132 || '''vedegamame'''
+|-
+! 100
+| 140 || '''trabo'''
+|}
+Note that the ᘔth dozen is expressed not with the root ''orana'' but with the borrowed root ''tônda'', not used by itself (< Chl. ''tålda'').
--->
+The dozenal hundreds are:
+: '''200''' <small>(288<sub>10</sub>)</small> noaninihega
+: '''300''' <small>(432<sub>10</sub>)</small>  toarinihega
+: '''400''' <small>(576<sub>10</sub>)</small>  goatinihega
+: '''500''' <small>(720<sub>10</sub>)</small> botranihega
+: '''600''' <small>(864<sub>10</sub>)</small> teakanihega
+: '''700''' <small>(1008<sub>10</sub>)</small> sitinihega
+: '''800''' <small>(1152<sub>10</sub>)</small> nodenihega
+: '''900''' <small>(1296<sub>10</sub>)</small> kobanihega
+: '''ᘔ00''' <small>(1440<sub>10</sub>)</small> tôndanihega
+: '''Ɛ00''' <small>(1584<sub>10</sub>)</small> vedegihega.
+All other numbers are simple juxtapositions, written as separate words, e.g. 101<sub>12</sub> ''trabo sa'', 179<sub>12</sub> ''trabo sitimamekoba'', 8ᘔ5 ''nodenihega tôndamamebotra'', etc.<br/>
+Higher numbers still follow the Chlouvānem system: 1.000<sub>12</sub> is ''tigada''; 1.00.000<sub>12</sub> is a ''raitra''; 1.00.00.000<sub>12</sub> a ''gagaraitra''; 1.00.00.00.000<sub>12</sub> a ''taikaotre'' (or simply ''trabo gagaraitra''), and 1.00.00.00.00.000 a ''gagataikaotre'' (or ''mame tigada gagaraitra'').
 ==Syntax==