Chlouvānem/218 Sample Sentences

This page includes 218 sample sentences, all glossed, in Chlouvānem. Explanations, unless tied to a particular sentence, are not given; the pages on Chlouvānem morphology and especially Chlouvānem syntax treat grammatical structures included here with more details.

→ Source: http://web.archive.org/web/20120427054736/http://fiziwig.com/conlang/syntax_tests.html

1–25

1.

hånna grætē.
sun.DIR.SG. shine.IND.PRES-EXP-3SG.PATIENT.EXTERIOR.
The sun shines.

2.

hånna grætī lā vi.
sun.DIR.SG. shine.SUBJ.IMPF-EXP-3SG.PATIENT.EXTERIOR. with. be.IND.PRES.EXP.3SG.PATIENT.EXTERIOR.
The sun is shining.

3.

hånna gryautek.
sun.DIR.SG. shine.IND.PAST-EXP-3SG.PATIENT.EXTERIOR.
The sun shone.

4.

hånna grætiṣya.
sun.DIR.SG. shine.IND.FUT-EXP-3.PATIENT.EXTERIOR.
The sun will shine.

5.

hånna ugruta.
sun.DIR.SG. shine.IND.PERF-EXP-3.PATIENT.EXTERIOR.
The sun has been shining.

6.

hånna grætteprigerē.
sun.DIR.SG. shine-INF-move_backwards.IND.PRES-EXP-3SG.PATIENT.EXTERIOR.
The sun is shining again.

7.

hånna menire ugrutālta.
sun.DIR.SG. tomorrow. shine.IND.FUTINT-EXP-3.PATIENT.EXTERIOR.
The sun will shine tomorrow.

8.

hånna chlæręe grætē.
sun.DIR.SG. be_bright-ADV. shine.IND.PRES-EXP-3SG.PATIENT.EXTERIOR.
The sun shines brightly.

9.

chlærire hånna grætē.
be_bright.IND.PRES-EXP-3SG.COMMON.INTERIOR. sun.DIR.SG. shine.IND.PRES-EXP-3SG.PATIENT.EXTERIOR.
The bright sun shines.

10.

kaminæne hånna āññogē.
now. sun.DIR.SG. rise.IND.PRES-EXP-3SG.PATIENT.EXTERIOR.
The sun is rising now.

11.

yaiva lelyē gorblaikate.
all.DIR. people-DIR.PL. shout.IND.PAST-EXP-3PL.EXTERIOR-AGENT.
All the people shouted.

12.

lelyē mæn sora gorblaikate.
people-DIR.PL. TOPIC. some.DIR. shout.IND.PAST-EXP-3PL.EXTERIOR-AGENT.
Some of the the people shouted.

13.

lelyē mæn taili magdani gorblaikate.
people-DIR.PL. TOPIC. many. ADV-two. shout.IND.PAST-EXP-3PL.EXTERIOR-AGENT.
Many of the people shouted twice.

14.

hånyadaikirāhe lelyē laibe gærblāhaite.
be_happy.IND.PRES-EXP-3PL.COMMON.INTERIOR. people-DIR.PL. often. shout.IND.PRES-EXP-3PL.EXTERIOR-AGENT.
All the people shouted.

15.

phēcæñcañīh āmmųk.
small_cat.DIR.SG. jump_upwards.IND.PAST-EXP-3SG.PATIENT.EXTERIOR.
The kitten jumped up.

16.

phēcæñcañīh eṇom āmmųk.
small_cat.DIR.SG. table-DAT.SG. jump_upwards.IND.PAST-EXP-3SG.PATIENT.EXTERIOR.
The kitten jumped onto the table.

17.

lilyā ñekire phēcæñcañīh bīdāmek.
1SG.GEN.DIR. be_small.IND.PRES-EXP-3SG.COMMON.INTERIOR small_cat.DIR.SG. walk_away.IND.PAST-EXP-3SG.PATIENT.EXTERIOR.
My little kitten walked away.

18.

dašajeldē.
rain-do.IND.PRES-EXP-3SG.PATIENT.EXTERIOR.
It's raining.

19.

daša yanabuñjñek.
rain.DIR.SG. run_from_above.IND.PAST-EXP-3SG.PATIENT.EXTERIOR.
The rain came down.

19-alt.

daša yanastāṭ.
rain.DIR.SG. fall_from_above.IND.PAST.EXP.3SG.PATIENT.EXTERIOR.
The rain fell down.^[1]

20.

daše phēcæñcañīh ħildegde.
rain-LOC.SG. small_cat.DIR.SG. play.IND.PRES-EXP-3SG.EXTERIOR-AGENT.
The kitten is playing in the rain.

21.

daša ajāṃrirā.
rain.DIR.SG. stop.IND.PERF-EXP-3.PATIENT.EXTERIOR.
The rain has stopped.

22.

halše daša jāṃririṣya.
soon. rain.DIR.SG. stop.IND.FUT-EXP-3.PATIENT.EXTERIOR.
Soon the rain will stop.

22-alt.

halše daša ajāṃrālirā.
soon. rain.DIR.SG. stop.IND.FUTINT-EXP-3.PATIENT.EXTERIOR.
Soon the rain will stop.^[2]

23.

halše daša jaṃrirī dhomyu.
soon. rain.DIR.SG. stop.SUBJ.IMPF-EXP-3.PATIENT.EXTERIOR. hope.IND.PRES-EXP-1SG.PATIENT.EXTERIOR.
I hope the rain stops soon.

24.

prevyāṣe ejulā nanāyausirāhe chokvāk lilaika.
long_time_ago. here. be_wild.IND.PRES-EXP-3PL.COMMON.INTERIOR. animal-DIR.PL. live.IND.PAST-EXP-3PL.PATIENT.EXTERIOR.
Once wild animals lived here.

25.

ṭhivęe kamitayāsmik.
be_slow-ADV. look_around.IND.PAST-EXP-3SG.EXTERIOR-AGENT.
Slowly (s)he looked around.^[3]

26–50

26.

bislāvi!
go_away.OPT.IMPF-EXP-2SG.PATIENT.EXTERIOR.
Go away!

27.

talaumim!
go_there.OPT.IMPF-EXP-1PL.PATIENT.EXTERIOR.
Let's go!

28.

pršcānaise ħolunsūyi.
RECOMMEND. go-NECESS-IND.PRES-EXP-2SG.PATIENT.EXTERIOR.
You should go.

29.

lunati hånyadaikiriṣyam.
go.SUBJ.PRES-EXP-1SG.PATIENT.EXTERIOR. be_happy-IND.FUT-EXP-1SG.COMMON.INTERIOR.
I will be happy to go.

30.

halše tailīsālta.
soon. arrive-IND.FUTINT-EXP-3.PATIENT.EXTERIOR.
(S)he will arrive soon.^[4]

31.

sāmini haitah bisapra.
child-GEN.SG. ball.DIR.SG. roll_away.MONODIR.IND.PERF-EXP-3.PATIENT.EXTERIOR.
The baby's ball has rolled away.

32.

saṃhārivā gimmālęe pūnde.
boy-DIR.DU. be_tied_together-ADV. work.IND.PRES-EXP-3DU.PATIENT.EXTERIOR.
The two boys are working together.

33.

mišanaise nenē mulkṣah bīgrætiṣya.^[5]
probably. this.PROXIMAL.DIR.SG mist.DIR.SG. fade_away_outwards.IND.FUT-EXP-3.PATIENT.EXTERIOR.
This mist will probably clear away.

34.

šoedhirāhe junyai yavijulā ukṣṇyāhai.
be_lovely.IND.PRES-EXP-3PL.COMMON.INTERIOR. flower-DIR.PL. everywhere. grow.IND.PRES-EXP-3PL.PATIENT.EXTERIOR.
Lovely flowers are growing everywhere.

35.

pršcānaise nanū ṭhivęe yayulsūmiṃte.
RECOMMEND. more. be_slow-ADV. eat-NECESS-IND.PRES-EXP-1PL.EXTERIOR-AGENT.
We should eat more slowly.

36.

vivāmi nuppęe tailīses.
too_much. be_fast-ADV. come.IND.PERF-EXP-2SG.PATIENT.EXTERIOR.
You have come too soon.

37.

nanū yæyaniltęe dodhulsūyite.
more. be_neat-ADV. write-NECESS-IND.PRES-EXP-2SG.EXTERIOR-AGENT.
You must write more neatly.

38.

ñæñuchlire amaha chi viṣṭimē.
be_externally_beautiful.IND.PRES-EXP-3SG.COMMON.INTERIOR. palace.DIR.SG. really. stand_opposite_to.IND.PRES-EXP-3SG.PATIENT.EXTERIOR.
Directly opposite stands a wonderful palace.

39.

kāltarvāni ṭhudam arāṣla.
Kāltarvān-GEN. dog.DIR.SG. lose.IND.PERF-EXP-3.PATIENT.EXTERIOR.
Kāltarvān^[6]'s dog is lost.

40.

lilyā phēcam murkire.
1SG.GEN.DIR. cat.DIR.SG. be_black.IND.PRES-EXP-3SG.COMMON.INTERIOR.
My cat is black.

41.

sāmini jārdāka unurba.
child-GEN.SG. doll.DIR.SG. break.IND.PERF-EXP-3.PATIENT.EXTERIOR.
The little girl's doll is broken.^[7]

42.

īvaunaise pūpudbhavayu.
deeply. sleep.FREQ-IND.PRES-EXP-1SG.PATIENT.EXTERIOR.
I usually sleep soundly.

43.

sāmin ṣastirvamu pripañcaika.
child.DIR.PL. Ṣastirvam-ACC. run_after.IND.PAST-EXP-3PL.AGENT.EXTERIOR.
The children ran after Ṣastirvam.^[8]

44.

ħærviṣe tarlāmahų kāvelīsam ħuħildnānute.
after. school-ABL.SG. go_out.MONODIR.IND.PERF-EXP-1SG.PATIENT.EXTERIOR. play.POTENT.IND.PRES-EXP-1SG.EXTERIOR-AGENT.
I can play after school.

45.

murjeinete pogom pūrṣābhe.
visit.SUBJ.PERF-EXP-1PL.EXTERIOR-AGENT. village-DAT.SG. go_with_vehicle.MULTIDIR.IND.PAST-EXP-3PL.PATIENT.EXTERIOR.
We went to the village for a visit.

45-alt.

murjeinete pogom vasābhe.
visit.SUBJ.PERF-EXP-1PL.EXTERIOR-AGENT. village-DAT.SG. go_with_vehicle.MONODIR.IND.PAST-EXP-3PL.PATIENT.EXTERIOR.
We went to the village for a visit.^[9]

46.

maitu tatedāmābhe.
river-ACC.SG. reach.IND.PAST-EXP-1PL.EXTERIOR-AGENT.
We arrived at the river.

47.

sān uñumiram.
2SG.INFORMAL-TRANSL. wait.IND.PERF-EXP-1SG.COMMON.INTERIOR.
I have been waiting for you.

48.

jāṇāmahīn javyāt kamimirtaika.
camper.DIR.PL. fire-EXESS.SG. sit_around.IND.PAST-EXP-3PL.PATIENT.EXTERIOR.
The campers sat around the fire. (static)

48-alt.

jāṇāmahīn javyāt kamimirtiraika.
camper.DIR.PL. fire-EXESS.SG. sit_around.IND.PAST-EXP-3PL.COMMON.INTERIOR.
The campers sat around the fire. (dynamic)

49.

phēcæñcañįs lā sāmin lat ūmirtek.
small_cat-ESS.SG. with. child.DIR.SG. 1SG.EXESS. sit_near.IND.PAST-EXP-3SG.PATIENT.EXTERIOR.
A little girl with a kitten sat near me.^[10] (static)

49-alt.

phēcæñcañįs lā sāmin lat ūmirtirek.
small_cat-ESS.SG. with. child.DIR.SG. 1SG.EXESS. sit_near.IND.PAST-EXP-3SG.COMMON.INTERIOR.
A little girl with a kitten sat near me.^[11] (dynamic)

50.

sāmin geirat ūtyāk (demyān) bunān ñumirek.
child.DIR.SG. door-EXESS.SG. stand_near.IND.PAST-EXP-3SG.PATIENT.EXTERIOR. (REFL.GEN-TRANSL.) father-TRANSL.SG. wait.IND.PAST-EXP-3SG.PATIENT.EXTERIOR.
The child waited at the door for her/his father.^[12]

51–75

51.

poge nanū gęṇṭire jāyimų lære phēcæñcañīh reiṣlek.
village-LOC.SG. more. be_old.IND.PRES-EXP-3SG.COMMON.INTERIOR. girl-ABL.SG. yesterday. small_cat.DIR.SG. lose.IND.PAST-EXP-3SG.PATIENT.EXTERIOR.
Yesterday the oldest girl in the village lost her kitten.

51-alt.

poge nanū gęṇṭire jāyimų lære phēcæñcañīh arāṣla.
village-LOC.SG. more. be_old.IND.PRES-EXP-3SG.COMMON.INTERIOR. girl-ABL.SG. yesterday. small_cat.DIR.SG. lose.IND.PERF-EXP-3.PATIENT.EXTERIOR.
Yesterday the oldest girl in the village lost her kitten.^[13]

52.

nenǣ poge gṇyāvirei dām?
this.PROXIMAL-LOC.SG. village-LOC.SG. give_birth.IND.PAST-EXP-3SG.COMMON.INTERIOR. INTERR.
Were you born in this village?

53.

sāmyā glūkam^[14] hulābdān mūmikē dām?
2SG.INFORMAL.GEN.DIR. female's_brother.DIR.SG. well. dance.IND.PRES-EXP-3SG.PATIENT.EXTERIOR. INTERR.
Can your brother dance well?^[15]

54.

dralkam kaudāmek dām?
man.DIR.SG. go_away.MONODIR.IND.PAST-EXP-3SG.PATIENT.EXTERIOR. INTERR.
Did the man leave?

55.

sāmi (demye) ñæltei^[16] takǣlin dām?
2SG.INFORMAL.DIR. (REFL.GEN-ERG). male's_sister-ERG.SG. come.IND.PRES.EXP.2SG.EXTERIOR-BENEF. INTERR.
Is your sister coming for you?

56.

menire taħulonnai dām?
tomorrow. come.POT.IND.PRES-EXP-2SG.PATIENT.EXTERIOR. INTERR.
Can you come tomorrow?^[17]

57.

tandaikinų kityāk bisavasa dām?
winter-ABL.SG. neighbour-DIR.PL. go_away_by_vehicle.MONODIR.IND.PERF-EXP-3.PATIENT.EXTERIOR. INTERR.
Have the neighbours gone away for the winter?

58.

daše koɂanah lejegde dām?
rain-LOC.SG. koɂanah.DIR.SG. sing.IND.PRES-EXP-3SG.EXTERIOR-AGENT. INTERR.
Does the koɂanah bird sing in the rain?^[18]

59.

vāndaranom muṣyā lenta vasi dām?
concert-DAT.SG. 1PL.GEN. together. go_by_vehicle.MONODIR.IND.PRES-EXP-2SG.PATIENT.EXTERIOR. INTERR.
Are you going with us to the concert?

60.

Footnotes

^ The verb yanasturake, when referring to rain, denotes a stronger intensity of the rain shower than yanabuñjñake, as used in sentence 19.
^ Denotes a stronger certainty than sentence 22.
^ She in the source.
^ He in the source.
^ Or jilniltęe nenē mulkṣah bislæchliriṣya, with no change of meaning.
^ I used Kāltarvān, a Chlouvānem given name, instead of Henry used in the source.
^ The word sāmin used here is not gender-specific, so that it might also be translated as "the little kid's doll".
^ As with sentence 39, I used Ṣastirvam, a Chlouvānem name, instead of Jack as in the source.
^ The verb vaske used in this sentence instead of pūrṣake in sentence 45 denotes that, in the time frame relevant to the sentence, the subject (we) had not returned from the village yet, or is an ongoing action, in which case would be better translated as "We were going to the village for a visit."
^ See note to sentence 41.
^ See note to sentence 41.
^ Her father in the source.
^ In sentence 51, the girl has since found her kitten; in sentence 51-alt, she hasn't.
^ Chlouvānem has different words for siblings: glūkam denotes a female person's brother, while praškas is a male person's older brother and nālis a male person's younger brother. In this sentence, sāmyā is also an informal 2SG, and different forms would be used in formal contexts, depending on the relative rank of speaker and listener.
^ Note how Chlouvānem differs from English in that such a sentence actually translates as "Does your brother dance well?": the adverb qualifying "dance" prevents the verb from being put in the potential junya. Had the sentence been "Can your brother dance?", then the potential mūmomiknānē would have been used instead of mūmikē (see also sentence 56).
^ As with the first note to sentence 53, Chlouvānem has three different words for "sister": ñæltah for a male person's sister, buneya for a female person's older sister, and kalineh for a female person's younger sister. Also like that sentence, sāmi is informal 2SG, and the pronoun or pronominal locution would be different in formal sentences.
^ In such a sentence, the present tense instead of the future or future intentional denotes that the thing the speaker asks for is the possibility, in that moment, that the listener can come the following day.
^ Robin in the source. The koɂanah is a small bird native to the rainforests of the southern Chlouvānem Inquisition, famous for its birdsong.

[1] The verb yanasturake, when referring to rain, denotes a stronger intensity of the rain shower than yanabuñjñake, as used in sentence 19.

[2] Denotes a stronger certainty than sentence 22.

[3] She in the source.

[4] He in the source.

[5] Or jilniltęe nenē mulkṣah bislæchliriṣya, with no change of meaning.

[6] I used Kāltarvān, a Chlouvānem given name, instead of Henry used in the source.

[7] The word sāmin used here is not gender-specific, so that it might also be translated as "the little kid's doll".

[8] As with sentence 39, I used Ṣastirvam, a Chlouvānem name, instead of Jack as in the source.

[9] The verb vaske used in this sentence instead of pūrṣake in sentence 45 denotes that, in the time frame relevant to the sentence, the subject (we) had not returned from the village yet, or is an ongoing action, in which case would be better translated as "We were going to the village for a visit."

[10] See note to sentence 41.

[11] See note to sentence 41.

[12] Her father in the source.

[13] In sentence 51, the girl has since found her kitten; in sentence 51-alt, she hasn't.

[14] Chlouvānem has different words for siblings: glūkam denotes a female person's brother, while praškas is a male person's older brother and nālis a male person's younger brother. In this sentence, sāmyā is also an informal 2SG, and different forms would be used in formal contexts, depending on the relative rank of speaker and listener.

[15] Note how Chlouvānem differs from English in that such a sentence actually translates as "Does your brother dance well?": the adverb qualifying "dance" prevents the verb from being put in the potential junya. Had the sentence been "Can your brother dance?", then the potential mūmomiknānē would have been used instead of mūmikē (see also sentence 56).

[16] As with the first note to sentence 53, Chlouvānem has three different words for "sister": ñæltah for a male person's sister, buneya for a female person's older sister, and kalineh for a female person's younger sister. Also like that sentence, sāmi is informal 2SG, and the pronoun or pronominal locution would be different in formal sentences.

[17] In such a sentence, the present tense instead of the future or future intentional denotes that the thing the speaker asks for is the possibility, in that moment, that the listener can come the following day.

[18] Robin in the source. The koɂanah is a small bird native to the rainforests of the southern Chlouvānem Inquisition, famous for its birdsong.

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Chlouvānem/218 Sample Sentences

Contents

1–25

26–50

51–75

Footnotes

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Chlouvānem/218 Sample Sentences

1–25

26–50

51–75

Footnotes

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