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Minhast: Difference between revisions
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→Demonstrative Particles
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Just as Minhast has an array of deictic markers that encode proximity and distance from the speaker, the language has an array of particles encoding temporal relations | Just as Minhast has an array of deictic markers that encode proximity and distance from the speaker, the language has an array of particles encoding temporal relations: | ||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" | {| class="bluetable lightbluebg" | ||
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# perhaps later | # perhaps later | ||
|} | |} | ||
As tense in Minhast is relative, all temporal particles operate under a relative time reference, a reference based not on the speech act, but on the connected discourse of the speaker's narrative. | |||
The particle ''damikman'' can refer to the recent past, present or future time as well, dependent on its exact semantic meaning from the tense marker in the verb, whereas the other temporal markers mark explicit time spaces independent of the verb's tense marker. | |||
Native speakers report that ''damikman'' conveys a hightened sense of uncertainty because of its sole reliance on the verb's tense marker, but based on both data from both recorded speech and texts, the particle oftentimes appears to mark definite endpoints in relation to a reference point that is recoverable by all speech participants. | |||
One final note on ''damikman'': the particle always appears at the head of a clause and cannot be preceded by a ''wa''-Construction, nor can it be followed by a ''wa''-Construction. | One final note on ''damikman'': the particle always appears at the head of a clause and cannot be preceded by a ''wa''-Construction, nor can it be followed by a ''wa''-Construction. | ||
Textual examples of the use of ''damikman'' illustrate how the particle derives its semantic meaning in marking a time reference: | Textual examples of the use of ''damikman'' illustrate how the particle derives its semantic meaning in marking a time reference. | ||
1) Example of Remote Past: | |||
{{Gloss | {{Gloss | ||
|phrase = Damikman Anyar iknatūmašnerrannimmāš raħkibayherradikminessuš. | |phrase = Damikman Anyar iknatūmašnerrannimmāš raħkibayherradikminessuš. | ||
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}} | }} | ||
Example of Recent Past: | 2) Example of Recent Past: | ||
{{Gloss | {{Gloss | ||
|phrase = Damikman Izzye išpisaxlaxmakkarusašša. | |phrase = Damikman Izzye išpisaxlaxmakkarusašša. | ||
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}} | }} | ||
Example of Future: | 3) Example of Future: | ||
{{Gloss | {{Gloss | ||
|phrase = Damikman Yešker hanessanwašša. | |phrase = Damikman Yešker hanessanwašša. | ||