Attian: Difference between revisions

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Attian (view source)

Revision as of 14:48, 10 March 2013

1,961 bytes removed ,  10 March 2013
→‎Suprasegmentals
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==Suprasegmentals==
==Suprasegmentals==
{{Improvesection}}
===Stress===
===Stress===
Attian's system of lexical stress is different to that of for example English. Unlike [[w:English language#Stress|English]], Attian possesses a [[Attian#Stress|moraic stress system]] which similarly to [[w:Latin|Latin]] follows a [[w:dreimorengesetz|dreimorengesetz]], three-morae-rule, which in this case dictates that '''the third mora is always stressed'''.  
Attian's system of lexical stress is different to that of for example English. Unlike [[w:English language#Stress|English]], Attian possesses a [[Attian#Stress|moraic stress system]] which similarly to [[w:Latin|Latin]] follows a [[w:dreimorengesetz|dreimorengesetz]], three-morae-rule, which in this case dictates that '''the third mora is always stressed'''.  
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{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
|+
|+
<!-- Sentence -->
!Word
| colspan="2"|  '''zema'''
| colspan="2"|  '''zema'''
!
!
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| colspan="3"| '''ethnema'''
| colspan="3"| '''ethnema'''
|-
|-
<!-- Pronunciation-->
!Pronunciation
| colspan="2"| /ˈzɛŋ͡m.ø/
| colspan="2"| /ˈzɛŋ͡m.ø/
!
!
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| colspan="3"| /ɛθ.ˈnɛŋ͡m.ø
| colspan="3"| /ɛθ.ˈnɛŋ͡m.ø
|-
|-
<!-- Morphemes-->
!Syllables
|<small>zem</small>
|<small>zem</small>
|<small>a</small>
|<small>a</small>
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|<small>a</small>
|<small>a</small>
|-
|-
<!-- Segments -->
!Segments
|('''ω + ν + κ''')
|('''ω + ν + κ''')
|(ν)
|(ν)
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|(ν)
|(ν)
|-
|-
<!-- Morae-->
!Morae
|1 + 1 + '''1'''
|1 + 1 + '''1'''
| + 1
| + 1
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| + 1
| + 1
|-
|-
<!-- Translation-->
!Translation
| colspan="2"|''house''
| colspan="2"|''house''
!
!
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This makes it possible to formulate a law to describe the Attian stress pattern:
This makes it possible to formulate a law to describe the Attian stress pattern:
*''If a word starts with a consonant, the first syllable is stressed. Should the word start with a vowel, the second syllable is stressed.''
*''If a word starts with a consonant, the first syllable is stressed. Should the word start with a vowel, the second syllable is stressed.''
=====Notes=====
This also grants that stress is not phonemic, as it does not differentiate any minimal pairs. Nor is it lexic, but the stress changes should any affixes be attached to the word. There are however a few words that do not follow the basic stress patterns - a few loan words. Examples:
*'''gorizi''' - /gor.ˈiz.i/ not /ˈgor.iz.i/
**''girl'' - from Greek "κορίτσι".
*'''gentagona''' - /ɡ͡bœn.ˈtag.on.a/ not /ˈɡ͡bœn.tag.on.a/
**''pentagons'' - from Greek "πεντάγωνα".


====Effect on vowels====
====Effect on vowels====
:''For more information, go to [[Attian/Phonology]].''
:''For more information, go to [[Attian/Phonology]].''
The Attian stress affects and [[Attian#Vowel allophony|reinforces]] the vowel phonemes' articulation. Should the syllable nucleus consist of a diphthong, it remains unaffected.
The Attian stress affects and [[Attian#Vowel allophony|reinforces]] the vowel phonemes' articulation. Should the syllable nucleus consist of a diphthong, it remains unaffected.
===Accent===
The Attian language has an inherent '''pitch accent''', simply called the '''accent'''. The accent is non-distinctive for minimal pairs, but is an essential part of the vowel articulation.
Stressed syllables differentiate two tones, often described as pitch accents, or simply accents. The actual realisations of these two accents would differ from dialect to dialect. In general, however, these accents are identified as ''high'' and ''low''. These terms are avoided and most often replaced with ''sharp'' and ''matte'', which is the general perception of the tones realisations, since the matte accent is characterised by a later timing of the intonational pitch rise as compared with the sharp accent.
The pitch accents are suprasegmental realisations of the front-back value. The system is quite simple. Back and central vowels are commonly associated with the matte accent, leading most often to a lower tone [˨, ◌̀], whilst front vowels inherit a sharp tone [˦, ◌́].
Sequences of vowels are influenced of the preceding or following, stressed vowel accent, rendering front-back vowels with a high-falling tone [˥˩, ◌̂]. Conversely, back to front sequences get low-rising accents [˩˥, ◌̌].
*'''{{blue|a}}m''' - «''blood''», /ˈáŋ/
*'''{{blue|a}}zn{{red|ou}}''' - «''heat''», /ázˈnɤ̀/ → [ázˈnɤ̂]
*'''{{red|o}}m{{blue|a}}n''' - «''oman''», /ɤ̀ŋˈán/ → [ɤ̌mˈán]
In longer words, the distinctive pitch accent looses its strenght rendering most syllables with a normal, mid pitch [˧, ◌̄]. These vowels receive a vastly faster voiced onset time, and are pronounced very rapidly. An exception to this is should the final vowel be front valued, which gives a final rising tone.
*'''mathunum''' - «''speakers'' ({{sc|pat.pl.}})», [ŋâˈθùnùŋ͡m]
*'''emathunum''' - «''these speakers'' ({{sc|prox.pat.pl.}})», [ɛ̄ŋâˈθùnùŋ͡m]
*'''emathunumann''' - «''these speakers of mine'' ({{sc|prox-pat.pl-1.encl.pat.}})», [ɛ̄ŋâˈθùnùŋ͡mǎŋː]
Note that only the accent signature of the stressed vowel o ever transcribed, and that accent is ever distinguished in the most narrow transcriptions. This renders the final example like this:
*'''emathunumann''' - «these speakers of mine ({{sc|prox-pat.pl-1.encl.pat.}})»,  /ɛŋaˈθunuŋanː/ - [ɛᶢŋaˈθoʊ̯ᵈnuŋ͡manː] - [ɛᶢŋaˈθòʊ̯ᵈnuŋ͡manː]


===Prosody===
===Prosody===
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