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===Radicals===
===Radicals===
{{Improvesection}}
{{Improvesection}}
:''See also: [[Attian/Morphology|Attian morphology]], [[Attian#Nouns|nouns]] and [[Attian#Verbs|verbs]].''
:''See also: Attian [[Attian#Nouns|nouns]] and [[Attian#Verbs|verbs]].''
The roots of verbs and nouns in the Attian language,  similarly to [[w:Arabic language|Arabic]], [[w:Hebrew language|Hebrew]] and other [[w:Semitic languages|Semitic languages]], are characterised as consonant sequences or "radicals", forming a "template" into which vowels or morphemes may be inserted without affecting the basic root.


[[Image:Nonconcatenative-derivation-at.png|right|thumb|A diagram of an autosegmental representation of the Attian word ''yemzin'', "whisper"; an abstract nomalisation and diminutive of the root ''m-z-n'', "call".]]


The radicals of the Attian lexicon and the corresponding paradigms are used to form verbal and nominal inflection, derivation and miscellaneous grammatical categories.
The Attian language has an uncommon [[w:nonconcatenative morphology|nonconcatenative morphology]], where roots, or radicals, are inserted in a verb template. A root consists of a set of bare [w:consonant|]]s (usually two), which are fitted into a discontinuous pattern to form words.
 
The radicals of the Attian lexicon and the corresponding paradigms are used to form verbal and nominal inflection, [[w:derivation|derivation]] and miscellaneous grammatical functions,  similarly to [[w:Arabic language|Arabic]], [[w:Hebrew language|Hebrew]] and other [[w:Semitic languages|Semitic languages]].


These vowels or morphemes, called '''transfixes''', are used in the formation of actual words from the abstract consonantal roots, or '''literals'''. A large majority of these consonantal roots are triliterals, consisting of three radical consonants (although there are a number of uniliterals, a large amount of biliterals, and in some derivations also quadriliterals).
[[Image:Nonconcatenative-derivation-at.png|right|thumb|A diagram of an autosegmental representation of the Attian word ''yemzin'', "whisper"; an abstract nomalisation and diminutive of the root ''m-z-n'', "call".]]
These roots, or radicals, have an inherent meaning, which may be altered slightly depending on the vowels inserted between the bare consonants. Here are a few examples:
*'''{{sc|m-n}}''' - concerns vision.
*'''{{sc|θ-n}}''' - relating to speech.
*'''{{sc|g-ʾ}}''' - associated with horizontal movement.


This Attian procedure is an unusual system of derivation. From any particular root various verb and noun stems may be formed, each with its own template (though there are few verbs where all stem patterns can be successfully applied). Roots are always presented in the following form: √''C-C-C''. Below are a few examples, of bi- and triliteral roots, in the first conjugational template.  
The vowels or morphemes, called '''transfixes''', are used in the formation of actual words from the abstract consonantal roots, or '''radicals'''. A large majority of these consonantal roots are biliterals, consisting of two radical consonants (although there are a number of uniliterals, and an amount of triliterals).


{{At-radicals |1 = VCV |2 = CaCa |3 = aCCiC |4 = (e)CCeCaC }}
The Attian language distinguishes four different kinds of radicals:
*'''Uniliterals''' - Uniliterals consist of one, single consonant and are very uncommon. They only appear as particles or articles.
*'''Biliterals''' - Biliterals are composed of two consonants, and is the biggest group of radicals. It is divided into two types:
**'''Single biliterals''' - Single biliterals are the most common radicals in the Attian language. They consist of two bare consonants.
**'''Double biliterals''' - The double biliterals are derived from single biliterals. The two radicals are compressed into a consonant cluster, and a third radical is added.
*'''Triliterals''' - Triliterals are few, but also consist of derivations of biliterals. They have three bare consonants.


#The biliteral root √''th-g'', which approximates as "want", "desire".
====Vowel pattern====
#The triliteral √''g-m-m'' with the meaning "arrival", causative of to "come".
#One of the rare uniliterals; √''m'', which means "second", "following".


{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em; margin-top: 15px;"
{| class="bluetable lightblubg mw-collapsible mw-collapsible " border="1" style="text-align:center;"
|+
|+
<!-- Root-->
! colspan="5" |Approximation of common transfixation patterns
|'''√{{blue|th-g}}''' + CaCa
|-
 
!
!
 
! Masculine
|'''√{{blue|g-m-m}}''' + aCCiC
! colspan="2"| Feminine
 
! Neuter
!
|-
 
! Alienable
|'''√{{blue|m}}''' + aCa
|CaCa
|eCiCa
|CiCa
|CaCa
|-
! Inalienable
|CeCi
|eCCi
|CaCi
|uCCa
|-
|-
<!-- Result-->
! Abstract
| '{{blue|th}}a{{blue|g}}a'
|aCiCa
 
|eCiCa
!
|CiCa
 
|CeCa
|'a{{blue|gm}}i{{blue|m}}'
 
!
 
|'a{{blue|m}}a'
|-
|-
<!-- Gloss-->
! Concrete
| colspan="5" style="text-align: center;" |{{sc|v.act.ind.gn.m.sg}}
|aCCa
|eCiCa
|CaCu
|aCCu
|-
|-
<!-- Translation -->
| «''to want''»
!
| «''to arrive''»
!
|«''to follow''»
|}
|}




This is the first introduction of the template glossing. Since the Attian language utilises transfixes, the glossing is made with a slash following the translated word, and the glossing thereafter. Circumfixes are marked with angle brackets. To clarify, here is a previous example:
This Attian procedure is an unusual system of derivation. From any particular root various verb and noun stems may be formed, each with its own template (though there are few verbs where all stem patterns can be successfully applied). Roots are always presented in the following form: √''C-C-C''. Below are a few examples, of bi- and triliteral roots, in the first conjugational template.  


{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em; margin-top: 15px;"
|+
|+
<!-- Sentence -->
<!-- Root-->
| colspan="4"|  '''thanainn a{{blue|n t}}ajai'''
|'''√{{blue|th-n}}''' + CaCu


!
!


| colspan="4"| '''gavann a{{blue|n g}}arya'''
|'''√{{blue|g-m}}''' + CeCa


!
!


| colspan="4"| '''themine{{red|n th}}anya gva'''
|'''√{{blue|g-n}}''' + eCiCa
|-
|-
<!-- Pronunciation-->
<!-- Result-->
| colspan="4"| /ˈθanenː an taʝo/ → [ˈθanenː an ˈ{{blue|ⁿt}}aɣe]
| '''{{blue|th}}a{{blue|g}}u'''


!
!


| colspan="4"| /ˈɡawanː an ˈɡaɹja/ → [ˈɡawanː an ˈ{{blue|ᵑɡ}}aɹɣa]
|'''{{blue|g}}e{{blue|m}}a'''


!
!


| colspan="4"| /θɛmɛnin θanja ɡwa/ → [ θɛmɛnin θanja ɡwa]
|'''e{{blue|g}}i{{blue|n}}a'''
|-
|-
<!-- Morphemes-->
<!-- Gloss-->
|<small>thanai</small>
|<small>Related to speech</small>
|<small>-nn</small>
|<small> an</small>
|<small> tajai</small>


!
!


|<small>gava</small>
|<small>Related to arrival</small>
|<small>-nn</small>
|<small> an</small>
|<small>garya</small>


!
!


|<small>⟨th⟩emeni⟨n⟩</small>
|<small>Related to knowledge</small>
|<small>thanya</small>
|<small>g</small>
|<small>-va</small>
|-
|-
<!-- Gloss-->
<!-- Translation -->
|speech/{{sc|ind.dyn.m.sg}}
| ''mouth''
| -{{sc|pat.1.sg}}
|the{{sc|.def.f}}
|badness/{{sc|pat.f.sg}}


!
!


|coffee/{{sc|pat.n.sg}}
| ''arrival''
| -{{sc|pat.1.sg}}
|the{{sc|.def.f}}
|sweetness/{{sc|pat.f.sg}}


!
!


|⟨{{sc|rep}}⟩see/{{sc|ind.dyn.m.sg}}⟨{{sc|rep}}⟩
|''wit''
|mouth/{{sc|pat.n.sg}}
|}
|I{{sc|.1.sg.m}}
| -{{sc|agt}}
|-
<!-- Translation-->
| colspan="4"|«''I speak poorly''»


!


| colspan="4"| «''my sweet coffee''»
This is the first introduction of the template glossing. Since the Attian language utilises transfixes, the glossing is made with a slash following the translated word, and the glossing thereafter. Circumfixes are marked with angle brackets. To clarify, here is a previous example:
 
!
 
| colspan="3"|«''It is said that I see your mouth''»
|}


==Nouns==
==Nouns==
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