Schlaub: Difference between revisions
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==Bän Ntli dialect== | ==Bän Ntli dialect== | ||
it has ë ëi ëh before we merged them into other vowels) | it has ë ëi ëh before we merged them into other vowels) | ||
===Vowels=== | |||
Hlou has 5 basic vowel qualities, but also has a number of diphthongs and nasal vowels. | |||
a e i o u ä ë ö = /a ɛ i ɔ u ã ɛ̃ ɔ̃/ | |||
ah eh ih oh uh äh ëh öh = /aʔ eʔ .../ [only occurs with -Ø, -n tones] | |||
ei ëi au äu = /əi ə̃i əu əũ/ | |||
===Consonants=== | |||
Hlou has about 65 initials. | |||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center" | |||
|+ '''Hlou initials''' | |||
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | |||
! colspan="2" | Labial | |||
! rowspan="2" | Lamino-<br/>dental | |||
! colspan="2" | Apico-<br/>alveolar | |||
! rowspan="2" | Post-<br/>alveolar | |||
! colspan="2" | Retroflex | |||
! colspan="2" | Velar | |||
! rowspan="2" | Labio-<br/>velar | |||
! rowspan="2" | Glottal | |||
|- | |||
! <small>plain</small> | |||
! <small>lateral</small> | |||
! <small>plain</small> | |||
! <small>lateral</small> | |||
! <small>plain</small> | |||
! <small>lateral</small> | |||
! <small>plain</small> | |||
! <small>lateral</small> | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" |Nasal | |||
! <small>voiceless</small> | |||
| '''schm''' m̥ | |||
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| '''schn''' n̥ | |||
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|- | |||
! <small>voiced</small> | |||
| '''m''' m | |||
| '''ml''' mˡ | |||
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| '''n''' n | |||
| '''nl''' nˡ | |||
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| '''nr''' ɳ | |||
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|- | |||
! rowspan="4" |Plosive | |||
! <small>tenuis</small> | |||
| '''b''' p | |||
| '''bl''' pˡ | |||
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| '''d''' t | |||
| '''dl''' tˡ | |||
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| '''dr''' ʈ | |||
| '''drl''' ʈˡ | |||
| '''g''' k | |||
| '''gl''' kˡ | |||
| | |||
| |ʔ | |||
|- | |||
! <small>aspirated</small> | |||
| '''p''' pʰ | |||
| '''pl''' pˡʰ | |||
| | |||
| '''t''' tʰ | |||
| '''tl''' tˡʰ | |||
| | |||
| '''tr''' ʈʰ | |||
| '''trl''' ʈˡʰ | |||
| '''k''' kʰ | |||
| '''kl''' kˡʰ | |||
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|- | |||
! rowspan="2" |<small>prenasalized</small> | |||
| '''mb''' ᵐb | |||
| '''mbl''' ᵐbˡ | |||
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| '''nd''' ⁿd | |||
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| '''ndr''' ᶯɖ | |||
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| '''ng''' ᵑɡ | |||
| '''ngl''' ᵑɡˡ | |||
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|- | |||
| '''mp''' ᵐpʰ | |||
| '''mpl''' ᵐpˡʰ | |||
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| '''nt''' ⁿtʰ | |||
| '''ntl''' ⁿtˡʰ | |||
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| '''ntr''' ᶯʈʰ | |||
| | |||
| '''nk''' ᵑkʰ | |||
| '''nkl''' ᵑkˡʰ | |||
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|- | |||
! rowspan="4"|Affricate | |||
! <small>tenuis</small> | |||
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| '''dz''' ts̪ | |||
| '''ds''' ts̺ | |||
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| '''dx''' tʃ | |||
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|- | |||
! <small>aspirated</small> | |||
| '''pf''' pɸ | |||
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| '''tz''' ts̪ʰ | |||
| '''ts''' ts̺ʰ | |||
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| '''tx''' tʃʰ | |||
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|- | |||
! rowspan="2"|<small>prenasalized</small> | |||
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| '''ndz''' ⁿdz̪ | |||
| '''nds''' ⁿdz̺ | |||
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| '''ndx''' ⁿdʒ | |||
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|- | |||
| '''mpf''' ᵐpɸ | |||
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| '''ntz''' ⁿts̪ʰ | |||
| '''nts''' ⁿts̺ʰ | |||
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| '''ntx''' ⁿtʃʰ | |||
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|- | |||
! rowspan="2" |Continuant | |||
! <small>voiceless</small> | |||
| '''f''' f | |||
| '''fl''' fˡ | |||
| '''z''' s̪ | |||
| '''s''' s̺ | |||
| '''schl''' ɬ | |||
| '''x''' ʃ | |||
| '''schr''' ʂ | |||
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| '''sch''' ɧ | |||
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| '''schw''' ʍ | |||
| '''h''' h | |||
|- | |||
! <small>voiced</small> | |||
| '''v''' v | |||
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| '''l''' l | |||
| '''j''' ʒ | |||
| '''r''' ʐ~ɻ | |||
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| '''w''' w | |||
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|} | |||
===Tone=== | |||
{{PAGENAME}} has 7 tones, indicated by final letters in Schngellstein's orthography. | |||
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" | |||
! Orthography | |||
! Tone | |||
! Example | |||
|- | |||
| ∅ | |||
| mid level / mid checked (33~32) | |||
| ''lau'' /ləu˧/ 'to plant' | |||
|- | |||
| '''-n''' | |||
| low level / low checked (21~11) | |||
| ''laun'' /ləu˨˩/ 'to smile' | |||
|- | |||
| '''-b''' | |||
| high level / high falling (55~53) | |||
| ''Laub'' /ləu˥˧/ 'spring (season)' | |||
|- | |||
| '''-d''' | |||
| dipping / low falling (313~31) | |||
| ''Laud'' /ləu˧˩˧/ 'shoe' | |||
|- | |||
| '''-g''' | |||
| breathy mid level (33 + breathy) | |||
| ''laug'' /lə̤u˧/ 'to knit' | |||
|- | |||
| '''-s''' | |||
| rising (24) | |||
| ''laus'' /ləu˨˦/ 'to receive' | |||
|- | |||
| '''-ß''' | |||
| broken rising (3ˀ5) | |||
| ''Lauß'' /ləu˧ˀ˥/ 'wrinkle' | |||
|} | |||
Approximate tone frequencies (among non-entering tone syllables): b > s ~ 0 > n > ß ~ g > d | |||
Tone split from breathy voice < voiced stops | |||
==Orthography== | ==Orthography== | ||