Naeng/Classical
| Old Windermere | |
|---|---|
| Created by | IlL, Praimhín |
| Setting | Verse:Tricin |
Lakovic
| |
Old Windermere is the oldest attested form of Windermere, contemporaneous with Thensarian and Tigol.
Phonology
Consonants
Essentially identical to Classical Windermere
Vowels
Old Windermere had breathy voiced vowels ah eh ih oh uh üh /aʱ eʱ iʱ oʱ uʱ yʱ/ which became ä ea ie oa ua üe in Classical Winderemre.
Old Windermere had more vowel contrasts in preinitial syllables: most notably it had ă /ə/ and i /ɪ~ɨ/ as reduced vowels, which merged to ă in Classical Windermere. This contrast is retained in Pradiul as palatalization.
Morphophonology
Morphology
Nouns
Old Windermere had many irregular plurals due to the effects of sandhi.
Examples:
Regular plurals:
- cnul 'leaf' > nălcnul 'leaves'
Sandhi plurals:
- drong 'kernel' > tăngrădong 'kernels'
Suppletive plurals:
- croth 'person' > hingüs 'people'
Verbs
Trigger infixes, which became derivational in Classical Windermere, still functioned as voice markers.
Pronouns
Pronouns were similar to later Windermere, but with feminine plural pronouns.
- 1sg: rih
- 2sg: łen (m), łes (f)
- 3sg: in (m), is (f)
- 1pl exclusive: tsa
- 1pl inclusive: ăbang
- 2pl: łinam (m), łisam (f)
- 3pl: inam (m), isam (f)
Derivation
(Anything else?)
- *th- (causative; denominal verbs)
- pi- (agentive; triggers voicing of following voiceless stops p t c to b d g)
- da (know) -> pida 'sage' (Classical păda, Modern pda)
- tüth (to grasp) -> pidüth 'meaning, intention'
- ha- (passive)
Old Windermere also used breathy voice ablaut to denote tools: snar (capture) -> snahr (trap, snare) which survives in Modern Windermere as snär.