Chlouvānem/Swadesh list: Difference between revisions

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{{User:Ceige/Template:Swadesh_list_207_plain|language = [[Chlouvānem]]
{{Chlouvānem sidebar}} {{User:Ceige/Template:Swadesh_list_207_plain|language = [[Chlouvānem]]
|wrd001=''lili''  
|wrd001=''lili''  
|wrd002=''sāmi'' (informal)<br/>''nani'' (formal superior)<br/>''ravi'' (formal equal)<br/>''kūri'' (formal inferior)<ref>Given names with the appropriate titles are often used instead of these pronouns.</ref>
|wrd002=''sāmi'' (informal)<br/>''nami'' (formal superior)<br/>''tami'' (formal equal)<br/>''ravi'' (formal inferior)<ref>Given names with the appropriate titles are often used instead of these pronouns.</ref>
|wrd003=''tami'' (also "she, it"; titles are more frequently used)
|wrd003=no 3rd person pronouns for animate beings. (A combination of) titles, given names, and honorifics are used instead.
|wrd004=''main''  
|wrd004=''yūk''  
|wrd005=''nani'' (informal, sometimes also formal for undefined groups)<br/>''yavyāta'' (formal, undefined groups)<br/>''yakaliyātam'' (formal, defined groups)
|wrd005=''nami'' (informal, sometimes also formal for undefined groups)<br/>''yavyāta'' (formal, undefined groups)<br/>''yakaliyātam'' (formal, defined groups)
|wrd006=''toman''
|wrd006=(for inanimate beings only:) <small>THING</small>-class demonstratives are used<br/>(for animate beings:) <small>PERSON</small>-class demonstratives are used (rare, may be offensive)
|wrd007=''nenė''
|wrd007=''nenē'' and other 10 forms with positions specified in space
|wrd008=''nanā'' <small>(medial: nunū)</small>
|wrd008=medial: ''nunū'' and other 10 forms<br/>distal: ''nanā'' and other 10 forms
|wrd009=''ejulā''
|wrd009=''ejulā'' and other 9 forms
|wrd010=''āñjulā'' <small>(medial: uñjulā)</small>
|wrd010=medial: ''uñjulā'' and other 9 forms<br/>distal: ''āñjulā'' and other 9 forms
|wrd011=''yavita?''
|wrd011=''yavita?''
|wrd012=''yananū?''
|wrd012=''yanū?''
|wrd013=''yajulā?''
|wrd013=''yajulā?''
|wrd014=''yamiya?''
|wrd014=''yamiya?''
|wrd015=''yalīce?''
|wrd015=''yalīce?''
|wrd016=''gu … ša''
|wrd016=''gu(n) … ša''<ref>''-n'' before vowels. The ''ša'' part of the circumfix is omitted if the verb is used attributively or if the interrogative particle ''dam'' is present.</ref>
|wrd017=''yaiva''
|wrd017=''yaiva''
|wrd018=''taili''
|wrd018=''[[Contionary:taili|taili]]''
|wrd019=''sora''
|wrd019=''sora''
|wrd020=''ṣūbha''
|wrd020=''ṣūbha''
|wrd021=''viṣam''
|wrd021=''viṣam''
|wrd022=''emibe'', ''emi''
|wrd022=''[[Contionary:emibe|emibe]]'', ''[[Contionary:emibe|emi]]''
|wrd023=''dani''
|wrd023=''[[Contionary:dani|dani]]''
|wrd024=''pāmvi''
|wrd024=''[[Contionary:pāmvi|pāmvi]]''
|wrd025=''nęlte''
|wrd025=''[[Contionary:nęlte|nęlte]]''
|wrd026=''šulka''
|wrd026=''[[Contionary:šulka|šulka]]''
|wrd027=''sūrṣake'' (sūrṣ-)
|wrd027=''sūrṣake'' <small>(sūrṣ-, 1)</small>
|wrd028=''māhārake'' (māhār-)  
|wrd028=''mųrmake'' <small>(mųrm-, 1)</small>
|wrd029=''sådhake'' (sådh-)
|wrd029=''švadhake'' <small>(švadh-, 1)</small>
|wrd030=''ḍirake'' (ḍir-<sup>abl</sup>)
|wrd030=''ḍirake'' <small>(2: ḍerire - ḍirirek - iḍirirā)</small>
|wrd031=''ūṭṇake'' (ūṭṇ-)
|wrd031=''ūṭṇake'' <small>(ūṭṇ-, 1)</small>
|wrd032=''ñikake'' (ñik-)
|wrd032=''ñikake'' <small>(2: ñekire - ñikirek - iñikirā)</small>
|wrd033=''chītake'' (chīt-<sup>abl</sup>)
|wrd033=''chītake'' <small>(2: chētire - chītirek - ichītirā)</small>
|wrd034=''šumbrake'' (šumb-<sup>abl (u→i)</sup>)
|wrd034=''šumbrake'' <small>(2: šimbrire - šumbrirek - ušumbrirā)</small>
|wrd035=''ṭaɂake'' (ṭaɂ-)
|wrd035=''ṭaɂake'' <small>(ṭaɂ-, 1)</small>
|wrd036=''hulin''
|wrd036=''[[Contionary:hulineh|hulineh]]''
|wrd037=''dralkam''
|wrd037=''[[Contionary:ṭarghas|ṭarghas]]''
|wrd038=''lila''
|wrd038=''[[Contionary:lila|lila]]''
|wrd039=''samin''
|wrd039=''[[Contionary:nūrya|nūrya]]''
|wrd040=''laleichim'', <small>honorific:</small> ''ħaitlañši''
|wrd040=''laleichim'', <small>honorific:</small> ''ħaiɂlañši''
|wrd041=''rūdakis'', <small>honorific:</small> ''šulañšoe''
|wrd041=''rūdakis'', <small>honorific:</small> ''šulañšoe''
|wrd042=''meinā'', <small>honorific:</small> ''nāḍima''
|wrd042=''meinā'', <small>honorific:</small> ''nāḍima''
|wrd043=''bunā'', <small>honorific:</small> ''tāmvāram''
|wrd043=''bunā'', <small>honorific:</small> ''tāmvāram''
|wrd044=''švas''
|wrd044=''[[Contionary:švas|švas]]''
|wrd045=''jivyām''
|wrd045=''[[Contionary:daltah|daltah]]''
|wrd046=''gūṇa''
|wrd046=''[[Contionary:gūṇa|gūṇa]]''
|wrd047=''thudam''
|wrd047=''[[Contionary:thudam|thudam]]''
|wrd048=''ṭaḍhūh''
|wrd048=''[[Contionary:ṭaḍhūh|ṭaḍhūh]]''
|wrd049=''māruḍa''
|wrd049=''[[Contionary:māruḍa|māruḍa]]''
|wrd050=''tūlum''
|wrd050=''[[Contionary:tūlum|tūlum]]''
|wrd051=''jñūm''
|wrd051=''[[Contionary:jñūm|jñūm]]''
|wrd052=''nanai''
|wrd052=''[[Contionary:nanai|nanai]]''
|wrd053=''daṇḍa''
|wrd053=''daṇḍa''
|wrd054=''hælveh''
|wrd054=''[[Contionary:hælveh|hælveh]]''
|wrd055=''dūdha''
|wrd055=''dūdha''
|wrd056=''nūlia''
|wrd056=''nūlya''
|wrd057=''lǣca''
|wrd057=''lǣca''
|wrd058=''ṇīṭah''
|wrd058=''ṇīṭah''
|wrd059=''juniā''
|wrd059=''junyā''
|wrd060=''humai''
|wrd060=''humai''
|wrd061=''teipa''
|wrd061=''pąnna''
|wrd062=''ṇīṭah''
|wrd062=''ṇīṭah''
|wrd063=''mædhram''
|wrd063=''mædhram''
|wrd064=''ūvṛṣam''
|wrd064=''ūvṛṣam''
|wrd065=''ḍulṭhīh''
|wrd065=''ḍulṭhīh''
|wrd066=''ḍåtvam''
|wrd066=''ḍåtvāk'' <small>(plurale tantum)</small>
|wrd067=''pomai''
|wrd067=''pomai''
|wrd068=''ṭåmukim''
|wrd068=''ṭaiɂa''
|wrd069=''laiṭa''
|wrd069=''laiṭa''
|wrd070=''mågneh''
|wrd070=''ṭuvilam''
|wrd071=''pārye <small>(pl)</small>''
|wrd071=''pārāk'' <small>(plurale tantum)</small>
|wrd072=''lāṇṭam''
|wrd072=''lāṇṭam''
|wrd073=''minnūlia''; <small>literary:</small> ''mindṛṣūs''
|wrd073=''minnūlya''; <small>literary:</small> ''mindṛṣūs''
|wrd074=''mešīn''; <small>literary:</small> ''mešīlgis, nāhim''
|wrd074=''mešīn''; <small>literary:</small> ''mešīlgis, nāhim''
|wrd075=''nālkum''
|wrd075=''nālkum''
|wrd076=''dehām''
|wrd076=''deham''
|wrd077=''aṣṭras''
|wrd077=''aṣṭras''
|wrd078=''jeltā''
|wrd078=''jeltā''
|wrd079=''kaipė''; <small>literary:</small> ''damītah, parṣūs''
|wrd079=''damītah''; <small>literary:</small> ''skṝti, parṣūs''
|wrd080=''junai''
|wrd080=''junai''
|wrd081=''pājya''; <small>literary:</small> ''peithṛṣūs''
|wrd081=''pājya''; <small>literary:</small> ''mbiṇḍhṛṣūs''
|wrd082=''dækṣuh''
|wrd082=''dækṣuh''
|wrd083=''dhāna''
|wrd083=''dhāna''
|wrd084=''bhugrā''
|wrd084=''bhugrā''
|wrd085=''pilėnas''
|wrd085=''palṣis''
|wrd086=''kāraṇḍhai'' <small>(pl)</small>
|wrd086=''kāraṇḍhai'' <small>(pl)</small>
|wrd087=''avṛcah''
|wrd087=''avṛcah''
Line 91: Line 91:
|wrd090=''taugikā; togīn''
|wrd090=''taugikā; togīn''
|wrd091=''ṭarkas''
|wrd091=''ṭarkas''
|wrd092=''mulke'' (mul-<sup>abl</sup>)
|wrd092=''mulke'' <small>(2: molē - mulek - umula)</small>
|wrd093=''yųlake'' (yųl-<sup>abl</sup>)
|wrd093=''[[Contionary:yųlake|yųlake]]'' <small>(2: yąlē - yųlek - uyųla)</small>
|wrd094=''švinake'' (švin-<sup>abl</sup>)
|wrd094=''švinake'' <small>(2: švenē - švinek - išvina)</small>
|wrd095=''mukke'' (mukk-<sup>abl</sup>)
|wrd095=''mukke'' <small>(2: mokkē - mukkek - umukka)</small>
|wrd096=''ette'' (et-)
|wrd096=''ette'' <small>(et-, 1)</small>
|wrd097=''gåtnake'' (gåtn-)
|wrd097=''gåtnake'' <small>(gåtn-, 1)</small>
|wrd098=''ghūmake'' (ghūm-<sup>abl</sup>)
|wrd098=''heimake'' <small>(6: heimē - hamek - ahima)</small>
|wrd099=''dīvake'' (dīv-<sup>abl</sup>)
|wrd099=''dīvake'' <small>(12<sup>abl</sup>: dēvah - dīvek - idīva)</small>
|wrd100=''huppake'' (hupp-<sup>abl</sup>)
|wrd100=''huppake'' <small>(2: hoppē - huppek - uhuppa)</small>
|wrd101=''mišake'' (miš-<sup>abl</sup>)
|wrd101=''mišake'' <small>(2: mešē - mišek - imiša)</small>
|wrd102=''milge'' (mind-)
|wrd102=''milge'' <small>(√mind-, 11a: mendah - mindek - iminda)</small>
|wrd103=''tṛlake'' (tṛl-<sup>abl</sup>)
|wrd103=''tṛlake'' <small>(2: tarlirē - tṛlirek - atṛlirā)</small>
|wrd104=''nilyake'' (nily-<sup>abl</sup>)
|wrd104=''nilyake'' <small>(11<sup>abl</sup>: nelyęre - nilyirek - inilyirā)</small>
|wrd105=''ṣurgake'' (ṣurg-<sup>abl (u→i)</sup>)
|wrd105=''ṣurgake'' <small>(2: ṣirgē - ṣurgek - uṣurga)</small>
|wrd106=''tvorgake'' (tvorg-)
|wrd106=''tvorgake'' <small>(tvorg-, 1, interior only)</small>
|wrd107=''pugle'' (pugl-<sup>abl</sup>)
|wrd107=''pudbhe'' <small>(2: podbhē - pudbhek - upudbha)</small>
|wrd108=''lilke'' (lil-<sup>ah; abl</sup>)
|wrd108=''lilke'' <small>(11: lilah - lilek - ilila)</small>
|wrd109=''ḍūkke'' (ḍuk-<sup>ah; abl</sup>)
|wrd109=''ḍūkke'' <small>(11: ḍūkęre - ḍūkirek - uḍūkirā)</small>
|wrd110=''kaudṛke'' (kau-dṛ-<sup>abl</sup>) or causative forms of ''ḍūkke'' (ḍuk-<sup>ah; abl</sup>)
|wrd110=''kaudṛke'' <small>(''irr'': kaudarē - kaudṛk - kaudadrā)</small> or causative forms of ''ḍūkke''
|wrd111=''huṃħake'' (huṃħ-<sup>abl (u→i)</sup>)
|wrd111=''huṃħake'' <small>(2: hiṃħē - huṃħek - uhuṃħa)</small>
|wrd112=''pumnake'' (pumn-<sup>abl</sup>)
|wrd112=''pudhake'' <small>(2: podhē - pudhek - upudha)</small>
|wrd113=''tulge'' (tug-<sup>abl</sup>)
|wrd113=''tulge'' <small>(2: togē - tugek - utuga)</small>
|wrd114=''guṃsake'' (guṃs-<sup>abl</sup>)
|wrd114=''guṃsake'' <small>(2: goṃsē - guṃsek - uguṃsa)</small>
|wrd115=''cæšake'' (cæš-)
|wrd115=''mirɂake'' <small>(2: merɂē - mirɂek - imirɂa)</small>
|wrd116=''ikhlake'' (ikhl-<sup>abl</sup>)
|wrd116=''ikhlake'' <small>(2: ekhlē - ikhlek - īkhla)</small>
|wrd117=''prubake'' (prub-<sup>abl+</sup>)
|wrd117=''prubake'' <small>(3: praubē - prubek - upruba)</small>
|wrd118=''bleikke'' (bleik-)
|wrd118=''lauṣpe'' <small>(lauṣp-, 1, redupl. ''ħ'')</small>
|wrd119=<small>monodir.:</small> ''lįke'' (lih-<sup>abl; irr</sup><ref>Behaves as lis- before consonants.</ref>); <small>multidir.:</small> ''lærṣake'' (lærṣ-)
|wrd119=<small>MONO:</small> ''lįke'' <small>(''2irr''<ref>Behaves as lis- before consonants.</ref>: lehē - lihek - iliha)</small>; <small>MULTI:</small> ''lærṣake'' <small>(lærṣ-, 1)</small>
|wrd120=<small>monodir.:</small> ''mugdhe'' (mudh-<sup>abl</sup>); <small>multidir.:</small> ''mordhake'' (mordh-)
|wrd120=<small>MONO:</small> ''mugdhe'' <small>(2: modhē - mudhek - umudha)</small>; <small>MULTI:</small> ''mordhake'' <small>(mordh-, 1)</small>
|wrd121=<small>monodir.:</small> ''lulke'' (lun-<sup>abl; irr</sup><ref>Suppletive; irregular present tense.</ref>); <small>multidir.:</small> ''peithake'' (peith-<sup>irr</sup><ref>Suppletive.</ref>)
|wrd121=<small>MONO:</small> ''lulke'' <small>(''irr'', redupl. ''ħ'': liven<ref>Irregular present tense: ''lå, lin, liven'' then regular class 2 forms.</ref> - dāmek - elīsa)</small>; <small>MULTI:</small> ''peithake'' <small>(peith-, 1<ref>Contracted past 3SG: ''pat''.</ref>)</small>
|wrd122=''mū(g)-'' prefix before any motion verb (e.g. ''mūflulke'', ''mūpeithake'', ''mūglįke'', ''mūglærṣake''…)
|wrd122=''ū(b)-'' "to X closer" prefix before any motion verb (e.g. ''ūlulke'', ''ūpeithake'', ''ūlįke'', ''ūlærṣake''…)<br/>''ta-'' "to arrive" prefix before any motion verb (e.g. ''talulke'', ''tapeithake'', ''talįke'', ''talærṣake'')
|wrd123=''tokte'' (ta-ut-<sup>abl; irr</sup>); root ''-ut-'' plus any positional prefix.
|wrd123=''tokte'' <small>(ta-√ut-, 2: tautē, totek, toɂuta)</small><br/>root ''-ut-'' plus any positional prefix.
|wrd124=''tamirte'' (ta-mirt-<sup>irr</sup>); root ''-mirt-'' plus any positional prefix.
|wrd124=''tamirte'' <small>(ta-√mirt-, 2: tamertē, tamirtek, temirta)</small><br/>root ''-mirt-'' plus any positional prefix.
|wrd125=''tatiāke'' (ta-tiā-<sup>irr</sup>); root ''-tiā-'' plus any positional prefix.
|wrd125=''tatyāke'' <small>(ta-√tyā-, 2 irr: tatimē, tatyāk, taɂatyā)</small><br/>root ''-tyā-'' plus any positional prefix.
|wrd126=''aphake'' (aph-<sup>irr</sup>); exterior forms are transitive, interior ones intransitive.
|wrd126=''næljake'' <small>(8: næljē, noljek, enilja)</small>; exterior forms are transitive, interior ones intransitive.
|wrd127=''heṣṭvake'' (heṣṭv-)
|wrd127=''sturake'' <small>(''irr'': starē, stārau (3SG: ''stāṭ''), ustura)</small>
|wrd128=''męlike'' (męlь-)
|wrd128=''męlike'' <small>(męly-, 1)</small>
|wrd129=''nænike'' (nænь-)
|wrd129=''nædhake'' <small>(11: nædhē, nyaudhek, unudha)</small>
|wrd130=''bæmnake'' (bæmn-)
|wrd130=''curake'' <small>(2: corē, curek, ucura)</small>
|wrd131=''lišvake'' (lišv-<sup>abl</sup>)
|wrd131=''lišvake'' <small>(2: lešvē, lišvek, ilišva)</small>
|wrd132=''mutake'' (mut-<sup>abl (u→i)</sup>)
|wrd132=''mutake'' <small>(2: mitē, mutek, umuta)</small>
|wrd133=''boglišvake'' (bog-lišv-<sup>abl</sup>)
|wrd133=''bislišvake'' <small>(2: bislešvē, bislišvek, bisilišva)</small>
|wrd134=<small>monodir.:</small> ''khulike'' (khulь-<sup>abl</sup>); <small>multidir.:</small> ''kharliake'' (kharlь-)
|wrd134=<small>MONO:</small> ''khulike'' <small>(2: kholyē, khulik, ukhulya)</small>; <small>MULTI:</small> ''kharlyake'' <small>(kharly-, 1)</small>
|wrd135=''norake'' (nor-)
|wrd135=''norake'' <small>(9: norē, neirek, anāra)</small>
|wrd136=''kunake'' (kun-<sup>abl</sup>)
|wrd136=''kunake'' <small>(2: konē, kunek, ukuna)</small>
|wrd137=''chladyake'' (chlady-)
|wrd137=''chladyake'' <small>(chlady-, 1)</small>
|wrd138=''ħarṣṭake'' (ħarṣṭ-)
|wrd138=''kællake'' <small>(10: kællē, kyallek, ekīlla)</small>
|wrd139=''niañake'' (niañ-)
|wrd139=''smoḍake'' <small>(smoḍ-, 1)</small>
|wrd140=''kulke'' (kul-<sup>abl (u→i)</sup>)
|wrd140=''kulke'' <small>(2: kilē - kulek - ukula)</small>
|wrd141=''lijake'' (lij-<sup>abl</sup>)
|wrd141=''lijake'' <small>(2: lejē - lijek - ilija)</small>
|wrd142=''ħulde'' (ħuld-<sup>abl</sup>)<ref>"To play" for musical instruments is translated differently depending on the instrument: ''tulge'' for percussions, ''ghūmake'' for aerophones, ''prṣake'' for stringed instruments not played with a bow and keyboards, and ''lišvake'' for stringed instruments played with a bow. "To play a melody" is ''sumorake''.</ref>
|wrd142=''ħulde'' <small>(2: ħildē - ħuldek - uħulda)</small><ref>"To play" for musical instruments is translated differently depending on the instrument: ''tulge'' for percussions, ''ghūmake'' for aerophones, ''prṣake'' for stringed instruments not played with a bow and keyboards, and ''lišvake'' for stringed instruments played with a bow. "To play a melody" is ''sumorake''.</ref>
|wrd143=in the air: <small>monodir.:</small> ''yaṃške'' (yaṃš-<sup>inv abl</sup>); <small>multidir.:</small> ''īraške'' (īraš-);<br/> on water: <small>monodir.:</small> ''uṭake'' (uṭ-<sup>abl</sup>); <small>multidir.:</small> ''arṭake'' (arṭ-)
|wrd143=in the air: <small>MONO:</small> ''yåjyake'' <small>(5: yåjyē - ejyek - ayåjya)</small>; <small>MULTI:</small> ''ējrake'' <small>(ējr-, 1)</small>;<br/> on water: <small>MONO:</small> ''uṭake'' <small>(2: oṭē - uṭek - uɂuṭa)</small>; <small>MULTI:</small> ''arṭake'' <small>(arṭ-, 1)</small>
|wrd144=''buñjñake'' (buñjñ-<sup>abl</sup>)
|wrd144=''buñjñake'' <small>(2: boñjñē - buñjñek - ubuñjña)</small>
|wrd145=''tæñailūrake'' (tæ-ñailū:ra-)
|wrd145=''tæḍoljalle'' <small>(''irr:'' tæḍolvi - tæḍolnīk - tæḍolri)</small>
|wrd146=''lkurtake'' (lkurt-<sup>abl</sup>)
|wrd146=''åbdvake'' <small>(åbdv-, 1)</small>
|wrd147=''hånna''
|wrd147=''hånna''
|wrd148=''huliā''
|wrd148=''hulyā'' (the greater of the two Calémerian moons, cf. [[Cerian]] ''Ašeira'')<br/>''tuva'' (the lesser of the two moons, cf. Cerian ''Dóvato'')
|wrd149=''ñaiṭa''
|wrd149=''ñaiṭa''
|wrd150=''maila''
|wrd150=''[[Contionary:maila|maila]]''
|wrd151=''daša''
|wrd151=''daša''
|wrd152=''maita''
|wrd152=''[[Contionary:maita|maita]]''
|wrd153=''gėrisa''
|wrd153=''gūltis''
|wrd154=''jariā''
|wrd154=''jaryā''
|wrd155=''nanūkah''
|wrd155=''nāṃra''
|wrd156=''tāmira''
|wrd156=''tāmira''
|wrd157=''chlebam''
|wrd157=''chlebam''
|wrd158=''paʔeh''
|wrd158=''paɂeh''
|wrd159=''bhælā''
|wrd159=''babhrām''
|wrd160=''vælvah''
|wrd160=''vælvah''
|wrd161=''yāmyah''
|wrd161=''yāmyah''
|wrd162=''lairė''
|wrd162=''lairē''
|wrd163=''prātas''
|wrd163=''prātas''
|wrd164=''kaiṭas''
|wrd164=''kaiṭas''
|wrd165=''ñailūh''
|wrd165=''ḍolam''
|wrd166=''raikas''
|wrd166=''rāṣmas''
|wrd167=''javyāh'' (good); ''kūrokas'' (bad)
|wrd167=''javyāh'' (good); ''kūrokas'' (bad)
|wrd168=''måris'' <small>(singular only)</small>
|wrd168=''narmis'' <small>(singular only)</small>
|wrd169=''jervyaike'' (jervyai-)
|wrd169=''vilphe'' <small>(3: vailphē - vilphek - ivilpha)</small>
|wrd170=''ūnima''; ''līlta'' (especially unpaved)
|wrd170=''ūnima''<br/>''līlta'' (especially unpaved)
|wrd171=''ñariāh''
|wrd171=''ñaryāh''
|wrd172=''ūnika'' (noun); ''ūnikake'' (ūnik-, verb)
|wrd172=''ūnika'' (noun), ''ūnikake'' <small>(ūnik-, 1)</small> (verb)
|wrd173=''mæchliė'' (noun); ''mæchlike'' (mæchlь-, verb)
|wrd173=''rādhās'' (noun); ''rādhake'' <small>(rādh-, 1)</small> (verb)
|wrd174=pale yellow: ''yulta'' (noun); ''yultake'' (yult-, verb)<br/> golden yellow: ''chlirāma'' (noun); ''chlirāke'' (chlirā-, verb)
|wrd174=pale yellow: ''yulta'' (noun); ''yultake'' <small>(yult-, 1)</small> (verb)<br/> golden yellow: ''chlirāma'' (noun); ''chlirāke'' <small>(chlirā-, 1)</small> (verb)
|wrd175=''pāṇḍa'' (noun); ''pāṇḍake'' (pāṇḍ-, verb)
|wrd175=''pāṇḍa'' (noun); ''pāṇḍake'' <small>(pāṇḍ-, 1)</small> (verb)
|wrd176=''murka'' (noun); ''murkake'' (murk-, verb)
|wrd176=''murka'' (noun); ''murkake'' <small>(murk-, 1)</small> (verb)
|wrd177=''laliā''
|wrd177=''lalyā''
|wrd178=''pārṇam''
|wrd178=''lairē'' (calendar day, or 32 hours)<br/>''hånna'' (daytime)
|wrd179=''heirah''
|wrd179=''heirah''
|wrd180=sensation: ''jāmįrah'' (noun); ''jāmįrjānake'' (jān-, verb);<br/> to the touch: ''khæñcas'' (noun); ''khæñcajānake'' (jān-, verb)
|wrd180=ambient warmth: ''nīlāh'' (n); ''nīlake'' <small>(3: nailire - nīlirek - inīlirā)</small>;<br/>contact warmth: ''ūṣṇyah'' (n); ''ūṣṇike'' <small>(2: oṣṇyire - ūṣṇyirek - uɂūṣṇyirā)</small>
|wrd181=sensation: ''jålkha'' (noun); ''jålkhajānake'' (jān-, verb);<br/> to the touch: ''ṭhūrgas'' (noun); ''ṭhūrgajānake'' (jān-, verb)
|wrd181=ambient cold: ''jålkhah'' (n); ''jålkhe'' <small>(jålkh-, 1)</small>;<br/>contact cold: ''švyāntas'' (n); ''švyānte'' <small>(švyānt-, 1)</small>
|wrd182=''smurake'' (smur-)
|wrd182=''smurake'' <small>(2: smorire - smurirek - usmurirā, interior only)</small>
|wrd183=''lališake'' (lališ-)
|wrd183=''lališake'' <small>(lališ-, 1, interior only)</small>
|wrd184=''gęṇṭake'' (gęṇṭ-)
|wrd184=''gęṇṭake'' <small>(gęṇṭ-, 1) (animate, i.e. old = not young)</small>;<br/>''brūmake'' <small>(brūm-, 1) (inanimate, i.e. old = not new)</small>;<br/>''sārvake'' <small>(sāru-, 1) (ancient, things from very old times)</small>
|wrd185=''miąre''
|wrd185=''hulābdān''
|wrd186=''garpake'' (garp-)
|wrd186=''garpake'' <small>(garp-, 1)</small>
|wrd187=''volgrake'' (volgr-)
|wrd187=''volgrake'' <small>(volgr-, 1)</small>
|wrd188=''sījhake'' (sījh-)
|wrd188=''sījhake'' <small>(2: sējhire - sījhirek - isījhirā)</small>
|wrd189=''svātrake'' (svātr-)
|wrd189=''svātrake'' <small>(svātr-, 1)</small>
|wrd190=''ñęrcake'' (ñęrc-)
|wrd190=''ñęrcake'' <small>(ñęrc-, 1)</small>
|wrd191=''thiḍausake'' {thiḍ-aus-)
|wrd191=''lūjlausake'' <small>(lūjl·aus-, 1)</small> or ''lūjle'' <small>(lūjl-, 1)</small>
|wrd192=''kuṇḍhake'' (kuṇḍh-)
|wrd192=''kuṇḍhake'' <small>(2: koṇḍhire - kuṇḍhirek - ukuṇḍhirā)</small>
|wrd193=''ninnake'' (ninn-<sup>abl</sup>)
|wrd193=''ninnake'' <small>(2: nennire - ninnirek - ininnirā)</small>
|wrd194=''tarike'' (tarь-) (participles)
|wrd194=''tarike'' <small>(tary-, 1)</small>
|wrd195=''būṃṣake'' (būṃṣ-)
|wrd195=''būṃṣake'' <small>(būṃṣ-, 1)</small>
|wrd196=''svātārṣake'' (svātārṣ-)
|wrd196=''svātārṣake'' <small>(svātārṣ-, 1)</small>
|wrd197=''muhike'' (muhь-)
|wrd197=''ū(b)-'' (verbal prefix)
|wrd198=''durḍhāvake'' (durḍhau-)
|wrd198=''bis-'' (verbal prefix)
|wrd199=''jlitimas''
|wrd199=''māha-'' (verbal prefix)
|wrd200=''vyātimas''
|wrd200=''vyā-'' (verbal prefix)
|wrd201=''ta-'', ''mū(g)-'', ''šr-'' (verbal prefixes)
|wrd201=''ta-'', ''ū(b)-'' (verbal prefixes)
|wrd202=plain locative case; ''na(ñ)-'', ''glь-'' (verbal prefixes)
|wrd202=plain locative case; ''na(ñ)-'', ''gin-'' (verbal prefixes)
|wrd203=''lā'' (+ essive) (comitative); instrumental case (instrumental)
|wrd203=''lā'' (+ essive) (comitative); instrumental case (instrumental)
|wrd204=''no'' (complete list; also between related sentences), ''lasь'' (incomplete list) ''sama'' (between sentences only)
|wrd204=''no'' (complete list; also between related sentences), ''las'' (incomplete list) ''sama'' (between sentences only)
|wrd205=hypothetical mood
|wrd205=''pū''
|wrd206=''tī''; ''menni''; consequential secondary moods
|wrd206=''tī''; ''menni''; consequential secondary moods
|wrd207=''haloe''
|wrd207=''haloe''

Latest revision as of 13:16, 2 September 2021

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No. English Chlouvānem
1 I lili
2 you (singular) sāmi (informal)
nami (formal superior)
tami (formal equal)
ravi (formal inferior)[1]
3 he no 3rd person pronouns for animate beings. (A combination of) titles, given names, and honorifics are used instead.
4 we yūk
5 you (plural) nami (informal, sometimes also formal for undefined groups)
yavyāta (formal, undefined groups)
yakaliyātam (formal, defined groups)
6 they (for inanimate beings only:) THING-class demonstratives are used
(for animate beings:) PERSON-class demonstratives are used (rare, may be offensive)
7 this nenē and other 10 forms with positions specified in space
8 that medial: nunū and other 10 forms
distal: nanā and other 10 forms
9 here ejulā and other 9 forms
10 there medial: uñjulā and other 9 forms
distal: āñjulā and other 9 forms
11 who yavita?
12 what yanū?
13 where yajulā?
14 when yamiya?
15 how yalīce?
16 not gu(n) … ša[2]
17 all yaiva
18 many taili
19 some sora
20 few ṣūbha
21 other viṣam
22 one emibe, emi
23 two dani
24 three pāmvi
25 four nęlte
26 five šulka
27 big sūrṣake (sūrṣ-, 1)
28 long mųrmake (mųrm-, 1)
29 wide švadhake (švadh-, 1)
30 thick ḍirake (2: ḍerire - ḍirirek - iḍirirā)
31 heavy ūṭṇake (ūṭṇ-, 1)
32 small ñikake (2: ñekire - ñikirek - iñikirā)
33 short chītake (2: chētire - chītirek - ichītirā)
34 narrow šumbrake (2: šimbrire - šumbrirek - ušumbrirā)
35 thin ṭaɂake (ṭaɂ-, 1)
36 woman hulineh
37 man (adult male) ṭarghas
38 man (human being) lila
39 child nūrya
40 wife laleichim, honorific: ħaiɂlañši
41 husband rūdakis, honorific: šulañšoe
42 mother meinā, honorific: nāḍima
43 father bunā, honorific: tāmvāram
44 animal švas
45 fish daltah
46 bird gūṇa
47 dog thudam
48 louse ṭaḍhūh
49 snake māruḍa
50 worm tūlum
51 tree jñūm
52 forest nanai
53 stick daṇḍa
54 fruit hælveh
55 seed dūdha
56 leaf nūlya
57 root lǣca
58 bark (of a tree) ṇīṭah
59 flower junyā
60 grass humai
61 rope pąnna
62 skin ṇīṭah
63 meat mædhram
64 blood ūvṛṣam
65 bone ḍulṭhīh
66 fat (noun) ḍåtvāk (plurale tantum)
67 egg pomai
68 horn ṭaiɂa
69 tail laiṭa
70 feather ṭuvilam
71 hair pārāk (plurale tantum)
72 head lāṇṭam
73 ear minnūlya; literary: mindṛṣūs
74 eye mešīn; literary: mešīlgis, nāhim
75 nose nālkum
76 mouth deham
77 tooth aṣṭras
78 tongue (organ) jeltā
79 fingernail damītah; literary: skṝti, parṣūs
80 foot junai
81 leg pājya; literary: mbiṇḍhṛṣūs
82 knee dækṣuh
83 hand dhāna
84 wing bhugrā
85 belly palṣis
86 guts kāraṇḍhai (pl)
87 neck avṛcah
88 back joraṇa
89 breast maula
90 heart taugikā; togīn
91 liver ṭarkas
92 to drink mulke (2: molē - mulek - umula)
93 to eat yųlake (2: yąlē - yųlek - uyųla)
94 to bite švinake (2: švenē - švinek - išvina)
95 to suck mukke (2: mokkē - mukkek - umukka)
96 to spit ette (et-, 1)
97 to vomit gåtnake (gåtn-, 1)
98 to blow heimake (6: heimē - hamek - ahima)
99 to breathe dīvake (12abl: dēvah - dīvek - idīva)
100 to laugh huppake (2: hoppē - huppek - uhuppa)
101 to see mišake (2: mešē - mišek - imiša)
102 to hear milge (√mind-, 11a: mendah - mindek - iminda)
103 to know tṛlake (2: tarlirē - tṛlirek - atṛlirā)
104 to think nilyake (11abl: nelyęre - nilyirek - inilyirā)
105 to smell ṣurgake (2: ṣirgē - ṣurgek - uṣurga)
106 to fear tvorgake (tvorg-, 1, interior only)
107 to sleep pudbhe (2: podbhē - pudbhek - upudbha)
108 to live lilke (11: lilah - lilek - ilila)
109 to die ḍūkke (11: ḍūkęre - ḍūkirek - uḍūkirā)
110 to kill kaudṛke (irr: kaudarē - kaudṛk - kaudadrā) or causative forms of ḍūkke
111 to fight huṃħake (2: hiṃħē - huṃħek - uhuṃħa)
112 to hunt pudhake (2: podhē - pudhek - upudha)
113 to hit tulge (2: togē - tugek - utuga)
114 to cut guṃsake (2: goṃsē - guṃsek - uguṃsa)
115 to split mirɂake (2: merɂē - mirɂek - imirɂa)
116 to stab ikhlake (2: ekhlē - ikhlek - īkhla)
117 to scratch prubake (3: praubē - prubek - upruba)
118 to dig lauṣpe (lauṣp-, 1, redupl. ħ)
119 to swim MONO: lįke (2irr[3]: lehē - lihek - iliha); MULTI: lærṣake (lærṣ-, 1)
120 to fly MONO: mugdhe (2: modhē - mudhek - umudha); MULTI: mordhake (mordh-, 1)
121 to walk MONO: lulke (irr, redupl. ħ: liven[4] - dāmek - elīsa); MULTI: peithake (peith-, 1[5])
122 to come ū(b)- "to X closer" prefix before any motion verb (e.g. ūlulke, ūpeithake, ūlįke, ūlærṣake…)
ta- "to arrive" prefix before any motion verb (e.g. talulke, tapeithake, talįke, talærṣake)
123 to lie (as in a bed) tokte (ta-√ut-, 2: tautē, totek, toɂuta)
root -ut- plus any positional prefix.
124 to sit tamirte (ta-√mirt-, 2: tamertē, tamirtek, temirta)
root -mirt- plus any positional prefix.
125 to stand tatyāke (ta-√tyā-, 2 irr: tatimē, tatyāk, taɂatyā)
root -tyā- plus any positional prefix.
126 to turn (intransitive) næljake (8: næljē, noljek, enilja); exterior forms are transitive, interior ones intransitive.
127 to fall sturake (irr: starē, stārau (3SG: stāṭ), ustura)
128 to give męlike (męly-, 1)
129 to hold nædhake (11: nædhē, nyaudhek, unudha)
130 to squeeze curake (2: corē, curek, ucura)
131 to rub lišvake (2: lešvē, lišvek, ilišva)
132 to wash mutake (2: mitē, mutek, umuta)
133 to wipe bislišvake (2: bislešvē, bislišvek, bisilišva)
134 to pull MONO: khulike (2: kholyē, khulik, ukhulya); MULTI: kharlyake (kharly-, 1)
135 to push norake (9: norē, neirek, anāra)
136 to throw kunake (2: konē, kunek, ukuna)
137 to tie chladyake (chlady-, 1)
138 to sew kællake (10: kællē, kyallek, ekīlla)
139 to count smoḍake (smoḍ-, 1)
140 to say kulke (2: kilē - kulek - ukula)
141 to sing lijake (2: lejē - lijek - ilija)
142 to play ħulde (2: ħildē - ħuldek - uħulda)[6]
143 to float in the air: MONO: yåjyake (5: yåjyē - ejyek - ayåjya); MULTI: ējrake (ējr-, 1);
on water: MONO: uṭake (2: oṭē - uṭek - uɂuṭa); MULTI: arṭake (arṭ-, 1)
144 to flow buñjñake (2: boñjñē - buñjñek - ubuñjña)
145 to freeze tæḍoljalle (irr: tæḍolvi - tæḍolnīk - tæḍolri)
146 to swell åbdvake (åbdv-, 1)
147 sun hånna
148 moon hulyā (the greater of the two Calémerian moons, cf. Cerian Ašeira)
tuva (the lesser of the two moons, cf. Cerian Dóvato)
149 star ñaiṭa
150 water maila
151 rain daša
152 river maita
153 lake gūltis
154 sea jaryā
155 salt nāṃra
156 stone tāmira
157 sand chlebam
158 dust paɂeh
159 earth babhrām
160 cloud vælvah
161 fog yāmyah
162 sky lairē
163 wind prātas
164 snow kaiṭas
165 ice ḍolam
166 smoke rāṣmas
167 fire javyāh (good); kūrokas (bad)
168 ash narmis (singular only)
169 to burn vilphe (3: vailphē - vilphek - ivilpha)
170 road ūnima
līlta (especially unpaved)
171 mountain ñaryāh
172 red ūnika (noun), ūnikake (ūnik-, 1) (verb)
173 green rādhās (noun); rādhake (rādh-, 1) (verb)
174 yellow pale yellow: yulta (noun); yultake (yult-, 1) (verb)
golden yellow: chlirāma (noun); chlirāke (chlirā-, 1) (verb)
175 white pāṇḍa (noun); pāṇḍake (pāṇḍ-, 1) (verb)
176 black murka (noun); murkake (murk-, 1) (verb)
177 night lalyā
178 day lairē (calendar day, or 32 hours)
hånna (daytime)
179 year heirah
180 warm ambient warmth: nīlāh (n); nīlake (3: nailire - nīlirek - inīlirā);
contact warmth: ūṣṇyah (n); ūṣṇike (2: oṣṇyire - ūṣṇyirek - uɂūṣṇyirā)
181 cold ambient cold: jålkhah (n); jålkhe (jålkh-, 1);
contact cold: švyāntas (n); švyānte (švyānt-, 1)
182 full smurake (2: smorire - smurirek - usmurirā, interior only)
183 new lališake (lališ-, 1, interior only)
184 old gęṇṭake (gęṇṭ-, 1) (animate, i.e. old = not young);
brūmake (brūm-, 1) (inanimate, i.e. old = not new);
sārvake (sāru-, 1) (ancient, things from very old times)
185 good hulābdān
186 bad garpake (garp-, 1)
187 rotten volgrake (volgr-, 1)
188 dirty sījhake (2: sējhire - sījhirek - isījhirā)
189 straight svātrake (svātr-, 1)
190 round ñęrcake (ñęrc-, 1)
191 sharp (as a knife) lūjlausake (lūjl·aus-, 1) or lūjle (lūjl-, 1)
192 dull (as a knife) kuṇḍhake (2: koṇḍhire - kuṇḍhirek - ukuṇḍhirā)
193 smooth ninnake (2: nennire - ninnirek - ininnirā)
194 wet tarike (tary-, 1)
195 dry būṃṣake (būṃṣ-, 1)
196 correct svātārṣake (svātārṣ-, 1)
197 near ū(b)- (verbal prefix)
198 far bis- (verbal prefix)
199 right māha- (verbal prefix)
200 left vyā- (verbal prefix)
201 at ta-, ū(b)- (verbal prefixes)
202 in plain locative case; na(ñ)-, gin- (verbal prefixes)
203 with lā (+ essive) (comitative); instrumental case (instrumental)
204 and no (complete list; also between related sentences), las (incomplete list) sama (between sentences only)
205 if pū
206 because tī; menni; consequential secondary moods
207 name haloe

Notes

  1. ^ Given names with the appropriate titles are often used instead of these pronouns.
  2. ^ -n before vowels. The ša part of the circumfix is omitted if the verb is used attributively or if the interrogative particle dam is present.
  3. ^ Behaves as lis- before consonants.
  4. ^ Irregular present tense: lå, lin, liven then regular class 2 forms.
  5. ^ Contracted past 3SG: pat.
  6. ^ "To play" for musical instruments is translated differently depending on the instrument: tulge for percussions, ghūmake for aerophones, prṣake for stringed instruments not played with a bow and keyboards, and lišvake for stringed instruments played with a bow. "To play a melody" is sumorake.
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