Tigol/Proto-Tigol: Difference between revisions

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m (k and w look more proto-Celtic)
Line 36: Line 36:
**see vs. look
**see vs. look
**seek vs. find - som for seek, ___ for find?
**seek vs. find - som for seek, ___ for find?
*Δocletom = a name?
*Δokletom = a name?
*Accusative case
*Accusative case


Line 67: Line 67:
| '''t''' /t/
| '''t''' /t/
|  
|  
| '''c''' /k/
| '''k''' /k/
| '''ȝ''' /ʡ~ɴ̆/
| '''ȝ''' /ʡ~ɴ̆/
|-
|-
Line 104: Line 104:
|-
|-
! colspan="2" |Approximant
! colspan="2" |Approximant
| '''v''' /ʋ/
| '''w''' /w/
| '''l''' /l/
| '''l''' /l/
|  
|  
Line 171: Line 171:
*Clusters allowed word-initially are in '''bold'''.
*Clusters allowed word-initially are in '''bold'''.
=====Geminates=====
=====Geminates=====
*''mm nn ll rr φφ tt cc ss θθ''
*''mm nn ll rr φφ tt kk ss θθ''


=====RR=====
=====RR=====
*'''''mn mr''' nl nv lm ln lv rl rm rn rv '''vl vr'''''
*'''''mn mr''' nl nw lm ln lw rl rm rn rw '''wl wr'''''


=====RX=====
=====RX=====
*''mφ ms nt nθ ns nc nħ''
*''mφ ms nt nθ ns nc nħ''
*''mb nd nδ ng nȝ''
*''mb nd nδ ng nȝ''
*''lφ lb lt ld ls lc lg lȝ lħ''
*''lφ lb lt ld ls lk lg lȝ lħ''
*''rφ rb rt rd rs rθ rδ rc rg rȝ rħ''
*''rφ rb rt rd rs rθ rδ rk rg rȝ rħ''


=====XR=====
=====XR=====
*'''''φn bn tn θn cn gn ȝn ħn'''''
*'''''φn bn tn θn kn gn ȝn ħn'''''
*'''''sm sn sl sr sv'''''
*'''''sm sn sl sr sw'''''
*'''''φl bl tl dl cl gl ȝl ħl'''''
*'''''φl bl tl dl kl gl ȝl ħl'''''
*'''''φr br tr dr θr δr cr gr ȝr ħr'''''
*'''''φr br tr dr θr δr kr gr ȝr ħr'''''


=====XX=====
=====XX=====
*'''''sφ st sc sȝ''' sb sd sg''
*'''''sφ st sc sȝ''' sb sd sg''
*''cs ct ħs ħt''
*''ks kt ħs ħt''


=====XXR=====
=====XXR=====
*'''''sφl sφr str scl scr sȝl sȝr'''''
*'''''sφl sφr str skl scr sȝl sȝr'''''


==Orthography==
==Orthography==
Alphabetical order: '''R D I A Ħ Φ L M G C B S V O J Ȝ Δ T N Θ E U'''
Alphabetical order: '''R D I A Ħ Φ L M G K B S V O J Ȝ Δ T N Θ E U'''


==Morphology==
==Morphology==
Line 211: Line 211:


==Example texts==
==Example texts==
*Early Thensarian: ''Stamāber (-bris) glādōm gnovilatlom'' = The gods accepted the sacrifice.
*Early Thensarian: ''Stamāber (-bris) glādōm gnowilatlom'' = The gods accepted the sacrifice.
*Primitive Tigol: ''Φēsvrostamāber glāduom gnovilatlom''
*Primitive Tigol: ''Φēswrostamāber glāduom gnowilatlom''


==Other resources==
==Other resources==
[[Category:Languages]][[Category:Languages]][[Category:A priori]][[Category:Talmic languages]][[Category:Quihum languages]][[Category:{{PAGENAME}}|*]][[Category:Tricin]]
[[Category:Languages]][[Category:Languages]][[Category:A priori]][[Category:Talmic languages]][[Category:Quihum languages]][[Category:{{PAGENAME}}|*]][[Category:Tricin]]

Revision as of 13:59, 18 September 2021

Tigol/Proto-Tigol-English lexicon
Swadesh list

Tigol/Proto-Tigol
θensārimai
Pronunciation[θensaːrimai]
Created byIlL
SettingVerse:Tricin
Extinct220 v.T.
Quame
  • Talmic
    • Thensaric
      • Tigol/Proto-Tigol
Official status
Official language in
Talma
Language codes
CLCRqth
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Tigol/Proto-Tigol (gaθwai θensārimai) is an ancient Talmic language and the ancestor of most living Talmic languages, including Skellan, Anbirese, Nurian and Qazhrian. It is inspired by Proto-Celtic, Latin, High Valyrian, and Welsh. Important texts in Thensarian include the Avoranloeδūn (tentative, from avor-an-loeδ- meaning "comprehensively gather"; the collection did NOT originally have a name, the name was given by later Talman religious operatives), a collection of various texts such as ancient Talmic prose myths, wisdom literature, poetry and early scientific texts, and a seminal text for modern Talman religions.

Todo

  • Make Proto-Talmic > Thensarian vowel changes mirror Pre-Celtic > Proto-Celtic changes
  • Antraδēs = a place name
  • lugoboe 'land'
    • OEevo luġaḃ
      • Eevo luav
    • Nurian lugabui
  • What to do with PTal ou and ō?
  • nocterae = chain (got it by interpreting Noether as Welsh)
  • Andaegōr = 'sun's perch'
  • More u's - often gets umlauted in daughters
  • Fossilized aspect distinctions for stative verbs vs active verbs
    • hear vs. listen
    • see vs. look
    • seek vs. find - som for seek, ___ for find?
  • Δokletom = a name?
  • Accusative case

Background

See also: Talmic languages.

Phonology

Consonants

Tigol/Proto-Tigol used 17 consonants.

Labial Dental Alveolar Palatal Velar Radical
Nasal m /m/ n /n/ [ŋ]
Plosive voiceless θ /t̪~θ/ t /t/ k /k/ ȝ /ʡ~ɴ̆/
voiced b /b/ δ /d̪~ð/ d /d/ g /g/
Fricative voiceless φ /φ~h/ s /s/ ħ /χ/
voiced [z]
Trill r /r/
Approximant w /w/ l /l/ j /j/
Notes
  • Voiceless plosives /p t k/ are lightly aspirated in syllable onsets but are unaspirated after /s/. They're always unaspirated in certain areas.
  • [ŋ] occurs as an allophone of /n/ before velars /k, g/.
  • /r/ is an alveolar trill [r] or tap [ɾ].
  • /l/ is dental [l̪].
  • [z] occurs as an allophone of /s/ in /sb, sd, sg/.
  • /ʕ/ is either a radical plosive [ʡ] or a uvular nasal flap [ɴ̆]. The first realization is more common word-initially.

Vowels

Tigol/Proto-Tigol had the following monophthongs:

Front Central Back
short long short long short long
Close i /i/ ī /iː/ u /u/ ū /uː/
Mid e /ɛ/ ē /eː/ o /ɔ/ ō /oː/
Open a /a/ ā /aː/

The diphthongs are ae ao ei eo iu oe ou ui.

Stress

Stress is word-initial, ignoring some unstressed prefixes such as pronominal object prefixes.

Phonotactics

Some allowed clusters

  • R = resonant X = obstruent
  • Clusters allowed word-initially are in bold.
Geminates
  • mm nn ll rr φφ tt kk ss θθ
RR
  • mn mr nl nw lm ln lw rl rm rn rw wl wr
RX
  • mφ ms nt nθ ns nc nħ
  • mb nd nδ ng nȝ
  • lφ lb lt ld ls lk lg lȝ lħ
  • rφ rb rt rd rs rθ rδ rk rg rȝ rħ
XR
  • φn bn tn θn kn gn ȝn ħn
  • sm sn sl sr sw
  • φl bl tl dl kl gl ȝl ħl
  • φr br tr dr θr δr kr gr ȝr ħr
XX
  • sφ st sc sȝ sb sd sg
  • ks kt ħs ħt
XXR
  • sφl sφr str skl scr sȝl sȝr

Orthography

Alphabetical order: R D I A Ħ Φ L M G K B S V O J Ȝ Δ T N Θ E U

Morphology

Main article: Thensarian/Morphology

Syntax

Like many of its descendants, Thensarian is almost completely head-initial (except for compounds).

Constituent order

Noun phrase

Verb phrase

Sentence phrase

Dependent clauses

Sequences of tenses are important in Thensarian grammar. The mood of a verb sometimes serves the same functions of subordinating conjunctions in English such as if. Sometimes it is erroneously said that Thensarian has no word for if; conjunctions meaning "if" exist (φīs, etc.) but they are not mandatory.

Example texts

  • Early Thensarian: Stamāber (-bris) glādōm gnowilatlom = The gods accepted the sacrifice.
  • Primitive Tigol: Φēswrostamāber glāduom gnowilatlom

Other resources

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