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| setting = [[Verse:Calémere|Calémere]] | | setting = [[Verse:Calémere|Calémere]] | ||
| region = Northeastern Márusúturon | | region = Northeastern Márusúturon | ||
| creator = User:Lili21 | |||
| protoname = Proto-Fargulyn | | protoname = Proto-Fargulyn | ||
| familycolor = | | familycolor = Mon-Khmer | ||
| family = One of Calémere's primary language families | | family = One of Calémere's primary language families | ||
| child1 = Karaskyr | | child1 = Karaskyr | ||
| child2 = | | child2 = Hålvarami | ||
| child3 = | | child3 = Balmudic | ||
| child4 = Polinic | | child4 = Zilmabic | ||
| | | child5 = Polinic | ||
| child6 = Narolic | |||
}} | }} | ||
The '''Fargulyn languages''' ([[Skyrdagor|Sky.]]: ''Fargulyn gjalyn''; <small>[[Chlouvānem|Chl.]]: ''pargulenyumi | The '''Fargulyn languages''' ([[Skyrdagor|Sky.]]: ''Fargulyn gjalyn'', literally "[our] family['s] languages"; <small>[[Chlouvānem|Chl.]]: ''pargulenyumi dhāḍai''; [[Cerian|Cer.]] ''sérošu Fárogurino''</small>) are a [[Verse:Calémere|Calémerian]] language family spoken mostly on the continent of Márusúturon. | ||
The Fargulyn-speaking area includes most of the northeastern part of the continent, whose dominant language is by far the most spoken of the Fargulyn family, [[Skyrdagor]]. In Greater Skyrdagor, aside from Skyrdagor itself, various other Fargulyn languages (of branches not too distant from Skyrdagor) are spoken; the rest of the family is | The Fargulyn-speaking area includes most of the northeastern part of the continent, whose dominant language is by far the most spoken of the Fargulyn family, [[Skyrdagor]]. In Greater Skyrdagor, aside from Skyrdagor itself, various other Fargulyn languages (of branches not too distant from Skyrdagor) are spoken; the rest of the family is mostly spoken in the northeastern taiga - Aksalbor, Arkjatar, and parts of Askand in Greater Skyrdagor; the [[Verse:Chlouvānem Inquisition|Chlouvānem]] diocese of Kēhamijāṇa; the Union of New Ézélonía; and the inhabited parts of the Lalla Pūrjayuñca. There are, furthermore, Fargulyn minorities across the northern Inquisition (the Hålvaram plateau) and a historical presence in its northeast, as well as in Qualdomailor (where the Fargulyn Urheimat is thought to have been) and in Brono. Finally, the geographical outlier is Rǣrumi, spoken by the formerly semi-nomadic Rǣrai people, historically moving through the Nīmbaṇḍhāra-Lāmberah plain, nowadays settled in the Chlouvānem diocese of Rǣrajāṇai. | ||
There are | There are six recognized sub-families of Fargulyn languages: | ||
* the ''Karaskyr'' branch, including the Skyrdagorian languages as well as a few scattered languages in Qualdomailor (''Keleb''), Brono (''Yumsur'' and moribund ''Kylhez''), and the northern Inquisition (''Kareyumi'' in southern Dahelijaiṭa, ''Barājyumi'' and ''Šoltinumi'' in Saṃhayolah, and ''Lugrumi'' in | * the ''Karaskyr'' branch, by far the largest in area covered, number of languages and speakers, including the Skyrdagorian languages as well as a few scattered languages in Qualdomailor (''Keleb''), Brono (''Yumsur'' and moribund ''Kylhez''), and the northern Inquisition (''Kareyumi'' in southern Dahelijaiṭa, its close relative ''Tūpasyumi'' in the hills on the border between Dahelijaiṭa and Saṃhayolah, ''Vālkurumi'' in northwestern Kayūkānaki, ''Barājyumi'' and ''Šoltinumi'' in Saṃhayolah, and ''Lugrumi'' in Dūlāyirjaiṭa). It also includes the second most spoken Fargulyn language, ''Nağoi'', which is spoken in multiple countries at the eastern border of Greater Skyrdagor, being a widespread language in Byrzsysztav and Ajversziv, as well as the main minority of the Čathísǫ̃́g-speaking areas and the second-most spoken vernacular of the Chlouvānem diocese of Taibigāša<ref>Taibigāša, on the Hålvaram Plateau, historically was a Hålvarami-speaking area and that is still true for the southernmost areas, but today it is mostly divided into Nağoi-speaking rural areas and the urban areas, including Hålša, the main metropolitan area and cultural centre of the Northern Inquisition, speaking a Chlouvānem-derived creole.</ref>; | ||
* the '' | * the ''Hålvarami'' languages, the modern descendants of Old Hålvarami, which are the main vernaculars in the Chlouvānem dioceses of the Hålvaram plateau (save for parts of Taibigāša). | ||
* the '' | * the ''Balmudic'' branch, with Qorfur (language of Qorfurkweo, the diocese of Vaskuvānuh, and of the Qorfur diaspora) as its most notable member; the other languages are spoken mostly in eastern Greater Skyrdagor (notably in Cselsengeg, Byrzsysztav, and Ajversziv), and the branch also includes Rǣrumi; | ||
* the ''Polinic'' branch, spoken on the coast and in the coastal ranges of New | * the ''Zilmabic'' branch, nowadays only surviving in central-southwestern Kēhamijāṇa and in the Komzolyn/Kamurjāram mountains on the Chlouvānem-New Ézélonian border, but formerly spoken along the Embranas river (NE Inquisition) and in present-day southern New Ézélonía; | ||
* the ''Narolic'' branch, scattered across the northern taiga in Arkjatar, Aksalbor, Askand, Kēhamijāṇa, New | * the ''Polinic'' branch, spoken on the coast and in the coastal ranges of New Ézélonía; the pre-Chlouvānem language of Aratāram island was also likely Polinic, but the only surviving fragments can't show more than a broader Fargulyn origin; | ||
* the ''Narolic'' branch, scattered across the northern taiga in Arkjatar, Aksalbor, Askand, Kēhamijāṇa, New Ézélonía, and the Lalla Pūrjayuñca. The Narolic-speaking Oldob people of the Oldobian Gulf at the northwestern end of the Lalla Pūrjayuñca are considered the northernmost native human people of Calémere<ref>Some Lahob peoples originating from the Koitrûx peninsula had and have settlements further north on the other side of the Inner Sea, on the islands of Gurdugal, but none of the settlements that far north have ever been permanent.</ref>. | |||
Proto-Fargulyn speakers had various contacts with both Proto-Samaidulic and [[Lahob languages|Proto-Lahob]] speakers, so that there are various common words – as common as "son" or "to sleep" – that have cognates in Samaidulic or Lahob languages. | Proto-Fargulyn speakers had various contacts with both Proto-Samaidulic and [[Lahob languages|Proto-Lahob]] speakers, so that there are various common words – as common as "son" or "to sleep" – that have cognates in Samaidulic or Lahob languages. | ||
| Line 28: | Line 31: | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan=2 | Proto-Fargulyn !! Karaskyr !! colspan=3 | | ! rowspan=2 | Proto-Fargulyn !! colspan=6 | Karaskyr !! colspan=3 | Hålvarami !! colspan=2 | Balmudic | ||
|- | |- | ||
! [[Skyrdagor]] !! | ! [[Skyrdagor]] !! Keleb !! Yumsur !! Kareyumi !! Nağoi<br/>(Southern/Taibigāši) !! Nağoi<br/>(Northern) !! [[Old Hålvarami]] !! modern Kayūkānakīyi !! Doyukitami !! Qorfur !! Rǣrumi | ||
|- | |- | ||
! * | ! *muɣūri <small>"house, home"</small> | ||
| | | mujgyr <small>[muɪ̯ɣɯr]</small> || muɣur <small>"building</small> || muwri <small>"land, plot"</small> || mŭir <small>"land, plot"</small> || moğŭr || moğŭr || muri || mâř || muyr || hor <small>"village"</small> || kvaur <small>"village"</small> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! * | ! *ɬˤosa <small>"water"</small> | ||
| | | lso <small>[ɬo]</small> || shos || ɬas || łos <small>"cool"</small> || lås || lous || šorha || šoyra || sorre || cos || cos | ||
|- | |- | ||
! * | ! *qāraha <small>"mountain"</small> | ||
| | | Ɂorah <small>[Ɂorax]</small> || gorkho || kara || qoraḥ || qåraha || gourah || qårha || ħayra || qarre || qor || ōra | ||
|- | |- | ||
! * | ! *ñoβūrit <small>"tree"</small> | ||
| | | nyjrt <small>[nʊɪ̯˞t]</small> || nöyri || ñowrid || nyuert || nourŭt || nyouret || njurit || yurit || ñurit || neort || ñēṭ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! * | ! *fārūɣalu <small>"family"</small> | ||
| | | fargylva <small>[fɒ˞ɣɯɮvɑ]<br/>"family, relative"</small> || forɣowa <small>"home"</small> || fargwa <small>"home"</small> || forivar <small>"home"</small> || fåğrŭb <small>"home"</small> || fourgu <small>"home"</small> || fårwal || fâra || forvau || forur <small>"home"</small> || prubl <small>"home"</small> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! * | ! *tˤemoru <small>"green"</small> | ||
| | | tamyr <small>[tamɯr]</small> || tamor || tamru || tamor || tamŭz || tamŭz || termur || tyârum || tsârrun || t'emer <small>"forest; growth"</small> || thær <small>"forest"</small> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! * | ! *qaθˤī <small>"red"</small> | ||
| | | Ɂajth <small>[Ɂaɪ̯θ]</small> || gay <small>"yellow"</small> || kawi || qah || qadi || gadi || qari || ħař || qair || qaet' <small>"blood"</small> || ǣth <small>"blood"</small> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! * | ! *fūtaβu <small>"sea"</small> | ||
| | | fydhov <small>[fɯðoː]</small> || fidaw <small>"sky"</small> || fidaw <small>"sky"</small> || fŭtou <small>"water"</small> || fŭtou <small>"sky"</small> || fŭtou <small>"sky"</small> || futå <small>"lake"</small> || futa <small>"lake"</small> || futa <small>"lake"</small> || fotu <small>"lake"</small> || putū | ||
|- | |||
! *Ɂanwaski <small>"sun"</small> | |||
| navskj <small>[nɔːʃc͡ç]</small> || nush || anux || anuški || anušk || anušk || anåki || anac || anaki || wask <small>"sun; South"</small> || kvek | |||
|- | |||
! *qāximu <small>"eye"</small> | |||
| Ɂojm <small>[Ɂɔɪ̯m]</small> || gokhin || kaymu || qoḥm || qåhŭm || gouhem || qåjm || ħâym || qoyn || qosom || ōšm | |||
|- | |||
! *dārxaqa <small>"people"</small> | |||
| dogor <small>[doːr]</small> || dogro || daxara || doḥra || dåqah || dougah || tålwaq || tauða || tavoq || duraq || drabā | |||
|- | |||
! *ayn <small>"one"</small> | |||
| oj <small>[ɔɪ̯]</small> || ein || eñ || ein || ein || ein || en || ân || yân || aen || ēk | |||
|- | |||
! *sˤexa <small>"two"</small> | |||
| szuj <small>[suɪ̯]</small> || sükho || šia || šŭi'a || sŭha || sŭha || sirja || šâř || sirs || t'e || thæ | |||
|- | |||
! *bawuk <small>"three"</small> | |||
| buvk <small>[buːk]</small> || buk || bug || buk || buk || buk || poək || pūk || pok || buq || bū | |||
|- | |||
! *Ɂūraʃ <small>"four"</small> | |||
| ryjes <small>[rʊɪ̯ʃ]</small> || iresh || irx || ŭrš || ŭrŭš || ŭrŭš || oəra || ūr || or || horos || borš | |||
|} | |} | ||
==Notes== | |||
[[Category:Language families]] | [[Category:Language families]] | ||
[[Category:Calémere]] | [[Category:Calémere]] | ||
Latest revision as of 09:17, 11 November 2023
| Fargulyn | |
|---|---|
| Created by | Lili21 |
| Geographic distribution | Northeastern Márusúturon |
| Linguistic classification | One of Calémere's primary language families |
| Proto-language | Proto-Fargulyn |
| Subdivisions |
|
The Fargulyn languages (Sky.: Fargulyn gjalyn, literally "[our] family['s] languages"; Chl.: pargulenyumi dhāḍai; Cer. sérošu Fárogurino) are a Calémerian language family spoken mostly on the continent of Márusúturon.
The Fargulyn-speaking area includes most of the northeastern part of the continent, whose dominant language is by far the most spoken of the Fargulyn family, Skyrdagor. In Greater Skyrdagor, aside from Skyrdagor itself, various other Fargulyn languages (of branches not too distant from Skyrdagor) are spoken; the rest of the family is mostly spoken in the northeastern taiga - Aksalbor, Arkjatar, and parts of Askand in Greater Skyrdagor; the Chlouvānem diocese of Kēhamijāṇa; the Union of New Ézélonía; and the inhabited parts of the Lalla Pūrjayuñca. There are, furthermore, Fargulyn minorities across the northern Inquisition (the Hålvaram plateau) and a historical presence in its northeast, as well as in Qualdomailor (where the Fargulyn Urheimat is thought to have been) and in Brono. Finally, the geographical outlier is Rǣrumi, spoken by the formerly semi-nomadic Rǣrai people, historically moving through the Nīmbaṇḍhāra-Lāmberah plain, nowadays settled in the Chlouvānem diocese of Rǣrajāṇai.
There are six recognized sub-families of Fargulyn languages:
- the Karaskyr branch, by far the largest in area covered, number of languages and speakers, including the Skyrdagorian languages as well as a few scattered languages in Qualdomailor (Keleb), Brono (Yumsur and moribund Kylhez), and the northern Inquisition (Kareyumi in southern Dahelijaiṭa, its close relative Tūpasyumi in the hills on the border between Dahelijaiṭa and Saṃhayolah, Vālkurumi in northwestern Kayūkānaki, Barājyumi and Šoltinumi in Saṃhayolah, and Lugrumi in Dūlāyirjaiṭa). It also includes the second most spoken Fargulyn language, Nağoi, which is spoken in multiple countries at the eastern border of Greater Skyrdagor, being a widespread language in Byrzsysztav and Ajversziv, as well as the main minority of the Čathísǫ̃́g-speaking areas and the second-most spoken vernacular of the Chlouvānem diocese of Taibigāša[1];
- the Hålvarami languages, the modern descendants of Old Hålvarami, which are the main vernaculars in the Chlouvānem dioceses of the Hålvaram plateau (save for parts of Taibigāša).
- the Balmudic branch, with Qorfur (language of Qorfurkweo, the diocese of Vaskuvānuh, and of the Qorfur diaspora) as its most notable member; the other languages are spoken mostly in eastern Greater Skyrdagor (notably in Cselsengeg, Byrzsysztav, and Ajversziv), and the branch also includes Rǣrumi;
- the Zilmabic branch, nowadays only surviving in central-southwestern Kēhamijāṇa and in the Komzolyn/Kamurjāram mountains on the Chlouvānem-New Ézélonian border, but formerly spoken along the Embranas river (NE Inquisition) and in present-day southern New Ézélonía;
- the Polinic branch, spoken on the coast and in the coastal ranges of New Ézélonía; the pre-Chlouvānem language of Aratāram island was also likely Polinic, but the only surviving fragments can't show more than a broader Fargulyn origin;
- the Narolic branch, scattered across the northern taiga in Arkjatar, Aksalbor, Askand, Kēhamijāṇa, New Ézélonía, and the Lalla Pūrjayuñca. The Narolic-speaking Oldob people of the Oldobian Gulf at the northwestern end of the Lalla Pūrjayuñca are considered the northernmost native human people of Calémere[2].
Proto-Fargulyn speakers had various contacts with both Proto-Samaidulic and Proto-Lahob speakers, so that there are various common words – as common as "son" or "to sleep" – that have cognates in Samaidulic or Lahob languages.
Vocabulary
| Proto-Fargulyn | Karaskyr | Hålvarami | Balmudic | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Skyrdagor | Keleb | Yumsur | Kareyumi | Nağoi (Southern/Taibigāši) |
Nağoi (Northern) |
Old Hålvarami | modern Kayūkānakīyi | Doyukitami | Qorfur | Rǣrumi | |
| *muɣūri "house, home" | mujgyr [muɪ̯ɣɯr] | muɣur "building | muwri "land, plot" | mŭir "land, plot" | moğŭr | moğŭr | muri | mâř | muyr | hor "village" | kvaur "village" |
| *ɬˤosa "water" | lso [ɬo] | shos | ɬas | łos "cool" | lås | lous | šorha | šoyra | sorre | cos | cos |
| *qāraha "mountain" | Ɂorah [Ɂorax] | gorkho | kara | qoraḥ | qåraha | gourah | qårha | ħayra | qarre | qor | ōra |
| *ñoβūrit "tree" | nyjrt [nʊɪ̯˞t] | nöyri | ñowrid | nyuert | nourŭt | nyouret | njurit | yurit | ñurit | neort | ñēṭ |
| *fārūɣalu "family" | fargylva [fɒ˞ɣɯɮvɑ] "family, relative" |
forɣowa "home" | fargwa "home" | forivar "home" | fåğrŭb "home" | fourgu "home" | fårwal | fâra | forvau | forur "home" | prubl "home" |
| *tˤemoru "green" | tamyr [tamɯr] | tamor | tamru | tamor | tamŭz | tamŭz | termur | tyârum | tsârrun | t'emer "forest; growth" | thær "forest" |
| *qaθˤī "red" | Ɂajth [Ɂaɪ̯θ] | gay "yellow" | kawi | qah | qadi | gadi | qari | ħař | qair | qaet' "blood" | ǣth "blood" |
| *fūtaβu "sea" | fydhov [fɯðoː] | fidaw "sky" | fidaw "sky" | fŭtou "water" | fŭtou "sky" | fŭtou "sky" | futå "lake" | futa "lake" | futa "lake" | fotu "lake" | putū |
| *Ɂanwaski "sun" | navskj [nɔːʃc͡ç] | nush | anux | anuški | anušk | anušk | anåki | anac | anaki | wask "sun; South" | kvek |
| *qāximu "eye" | Ɂojm [Ɂɔɪ̯m] | gokhin | kaymu | qoḥm | qåhŭm | gouhem | qåjm | ħâym | qoyn | qosom | ōšm |
| *dārxaqa "people" | dogor [doːr] | dogro | daxara | doḥra | dåqah | dougah | tålwaq | tauða | tavoq | duraq | drabā |
| *ayn "one" | oj [ɔɪ̯] | ein | eñ | ein | ein | ein | en | ân | yân | aen | ēk |
| *sˤexa "two" | szuj [suɪ̯] | sükho | šia | šŭi'a | sŭha | sŭha | sirja | šâř | sirs | t'e | thæ |
| *bawuk "three" | buvk [buːk] | buk | bug | buk | buk | buk | poək | pūk | pok | buq | bū |
| *Ɂūraʃ "four" | ryjes [rʊɪ̯ʃ] | iresh | irx | ŭrš | ŭrŭš | ŭrŭš | oəra | ūr | or | horos | borš |
Notes
- ^ Taibigāša, on the Hålvaram Plateau, historically was a Hålvarami-speaking area and that is still true for the southernmost areas, but today it is mostly divided into Nağoi-speaking rural areas and the urban areas, including Hålša, the main metropolitan area and cultural centre of the Northern Inquisition, speaking a Chlouvānem-derived creole.
- ^ Some Lahob peoples originating from the Koitrûx peninsula had and have settlements further north on the other side of the Inner Sea, on the islands of Gurdugal, but none of the settlements that far north have ever been permanent.