Jalpi
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| Jalpi | |
|---|---|
| Jalpi Türk Tili | |
| Writing | w:Old Turkic |
| Region: | w:Pan-Turkism |
| Genders: | 2 |
| Cases: | 7 |
| Alignment | Nominative-Accusative |
| Proto-language: | w:Proto-Turkic language |
| Typology: | Agglutinative |
| Word-Order | SOV |
| Languages: | w:Turkish language,
w:Azerbaijani language, w:Turkmen language w:Tatar language w:Kazakh language w:Kyrgyz language w:Uzbek language w:Uyghur language |
| Population: | 170 million |
|
Africa: SEDES • Middle Semitic • Kintu • Guosa Central Asia: Jalpi • Caucas • Zens • Dravindian • Neo-Sanskrit Europe: Intralingua • Folksprak • Interslavic • Balkan • Samboka Far East: Dan'a'yo • IM • MSEAL | |
Jalpi Türk Tili is a Universal Language created by Ismail Gaspirali in 1839, to unify the Turkish, part of a movement that is over 200 years old
Phonology
| Labial | Alveolar | Post. | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | /m/ 𐰢 vs 𐰡 | /n/ 𐰤 vs 𐰣 | ||||
| Stop | p 𐰯 vs 𐰰 | t 𐱃 vs 𐱅 | k 𐰴 vs 𐰚 | |||
| b 𐰉 vs 𐰋 | d 𐰑 vs 𐰓 | g 𐰍 vs 𐰏 | ||||
| Affricate | c 𐰲 vs 𐰱 | |||||
| j 𐰪 vs 𐰫 | ||||||
| Fricative | f 𐰦 vs 𐰧 | s 𐰽 vs 𐰾 | š 𐰿 vs 𐱁 | h 𐰜 vs 𐱈 | ||
| v 𐰨 vs 𐰩 | z 𐰔 vs 𐰕 | ž 𐰶 vs 𐰸 | ||||
| Approximant | r 𐰺 vs 𐰼 | l 𐰞 vs 𐰠 | j 𐰖 vs 𐰘 |
Vowels
- a 𐰀 vs 𐰂
- i 𐰃 vs 𐰄
- e 𐰅 vs 𐱇
- o 𐰆 vs 𐰇
Orthography
| Letter | Pronunciation | Letter | Pronunciation |
|---|---|---|---|
| A a | /a/ | M m | /m/ |
| B b | /b/ | N n | /n/ |
| C c | /c/ | NG ng | /ñ/ |
| CH ch | /ç/ | O o | /o/ |
| D d | /d/ | Ö ö | /ö/ |
| E e | /e/ | P p | /p/ |
| F f | /f/ | PH ph | /f/, /p/ |
| G g | /g/ | R r | /r/ |
| GH gh | /ğ/ | S s | /s/ |
| H h | /h/ | SH sh | /ş/ |
| X x | /x/ | T t | /t/ |
| I i | /ı/, /i/ | U u | /u/ |
| J j | /y/, /j/, /c/ | Ü ü | /ü/ |
| K k | /k/ | W w | /v/ |
| KH kh | /x/, /q/ | Y y | /y/ |
| Q q | /q/ | Z z | /z/ |
| L l | /l/ | ZH zh | /j/ |
Morphophonology
Possession
| Person | Possible forms | ana "mother" | üy "house" |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. sg | —m, -im | anam | üyim |
| 2. sg | —ng, -ing | anang | üying |
| 3. sg | —si, -i | anasi | üyi |
| 1. pl | —miz, -imiz | anamiz | üyimiz |
| 2. pl | —ngiz, -ingiz | anangiz | üyingiz |
| 3. pl | —lari, -leri | analari | üyleri |
Case
| Case | Possible forms | qum "sand" | jer "place" |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nom | — | qum | jer |
| Acc | —ni | qumni | jerni |
| Gen | —ning | qumning | jerning |
| Dat | —gha, -ge | qumgha | jerge |
| Loc | —da, -de | qumda | jerde |
| Abl | —dan, -den | qumdan | jerden |
Morphosyntax
emek
| Person | Possible forms | jash "young" | Türk "Turk" |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. sg | —min | jashmin | Türkmin |
| 2. sg | —sing | jashsing | Türksing |
| 3. sg | —dir | jashdir | Türkdir |
| 1. pl | —miz | jashmiz | Türkmiz |
| 2. pl | —singiz | jashsingiz | Türksingiz |
| 3. pl | —dir(lAr) | jashdir(lar) | Türkdir(ler) |
Present & Future Tense
| Person | Possible forms | jasha- "to live" | Negative | bil- "to know" | Negative |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. sg | —A/-y-min | jashaymin | jashamaymin | bilemin | bilmeymin |
| 2. sg | —A/-y-sing | jashaysing | jashamaysing | bilesing | bilmeysing |
| 3. sg | —A/-y-di | jashaydi | jashamaydi | biledi | bilmeydi |
| 1. pl | —A/y-miz | jashaymiz | jashamaymiz | bilemiz | bilmeymiz |
| 2. pl | —A/y-singiz | jashaysingiz | jashamaysingiz | bilesingiz | bilmeysingiz |
| 3. pl | —A/y-di(lAr) | jashaydi(lar) | jashamaydi(lar) | biledi(ler) | bilmeydi(ler) |
Past Tense
| Person | Possible forms | jasha- "to live" | Negative | bil- "to know" | Negative |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. sg | —di-m | jashadim | jashamadim | bildim | bilmedim |
| 2. sg | —di-ng | jashading | jashamading | bilding | bilmeding |
| 3. sg | —di | jashadi | jashamadi | bildi | bilmedi |
| 1. pl | —diq, -dik | jashadiq | jashamadiq | bildik | bilmedik |
| 2. pl | —dingiz | jashadingiz | jashamadingiz | bildingiz | bilmedingiz |
| 3. pl | —di(lAr) | jashadi(lar) | jashamadi(lar) | bildi(ler) | bilmedi(ler) |
(Literal) Present Continuous
| Person | Possible forms | jasha- "to live" | Negative | bil- "to know" | Negative |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. sg | —maqda/mekde-min | jashamaqdamin | jashamaqda emesmin | bilmekdemin | bilmekde emesmin |
| 2. sg | —maqda/mekde-sing | jashamaqdasing | jashamaqda emessing | bilmekdesing | bilmekde emessing |
| 3. sg | —maqda/mekde | jashamaqda | jashamaqda emes | bilmekde | bilmekde emes |
| 1. pl | —maqda/mekde-miz | jashamaqdamiz | jashamaqda emesmiz | bilmekdemiz | bilmekde emesmiz |
| 2. pl | —maqda/mekde-singiz | jashamaqdasingiz | jashamaqda emessingiz | bilmekdesingiz | bilmekde emessingiz |
| 3. pl | —maqda/mekde(lAr) | jashamaqda(lar) | jashamaqda emes(ler) | bilmekde(ler) | bilmekde emes(ler) |
Intentional Future
| Person | Possible forms | jasha- "to live" | Negative | bil- "to know" | Negative |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. tk | —maqchi/mekchi-min | jashamaqchimin | jashamaqchi emesmin | bilmekchimin | bilmekchi emesmin |
| 2. tk | —maqchi/mekchi-sing | jashamaqchising | jashamaqchi emessing | bilmekchising | bilmekchi emessing |
| 3. tk | —maqchi/mekchi | jashamaqchi | jashamaqchi emes | bilmekchi | bilmekchi emes |
| 1. çk | —maqchi/mekchi-miz | jashamaqchimiz | jashamaqchi emesmiz | bilmekchimiz | bilmekchi emesmiz |
| 2. çk | —maqchi/mekchi-singiz | jashamaqdchisingiz | jashamaqchi emessingiz | bilmekchisingiz | bilmekchi emessingiz |
| 3. çk | —maqchi/mekchi(lAr) | jashamaqchi(lar) | jashamaqchi emes(ler) | bilmekchi(ler) | bilmekchi emes(ler) |
Lexicography
Ating nedir?
/Atıñ nedir/
What is your name?
Atim Ismail.
/Atım İsmail/
My name is Ismail.
Qay jerde jashaysing?
/Qay yerde yaşaysıñ/ or /Qay jerde jaşaysıñ/
Where do you live in?
Istanbulda jashaymin.
/İstanbulda yaşaymın/ or /İstanbulda jaşaymın/
I live in Istanbul.
Qay jerden kelesing?
/Qay yerden kelesiñ/ or /Qay jerden kelesiñ/
Where do you come from?
Qay jerge ketesing?
/Qay yerge ketesiñ/ or /Qay jerge ketesiñ/
Where are you going?
Khosh kelding.
/Xoş keldiñ/ or /Qoş keldiñ/
Welcome.
Seni süyemin.
/Seni süyemin/
I love you.
all dead:
- Jalpi Turkic official forum (Mostly used Turkic languages)
- Jalpi Turkic-Turkish dictionary
- A comparative dictionary of Turkic languages (Turkish, Azerbaijani, Kazakh, Kyrgyz, Turkmen, Uyghur, Uzbek and Jalpi Turkic languages)