Naeng

This article describes Modern Windermere. See Windermere/Classical for Classical Windermere and Windermere/Middle for Middle Windermere.

Naeng/Wordlist
Naeng/Swadesh list
218 sample sentences
Sketchbook
Naeng/Names
Naeng/Diachronics
Tbeach fi mi-brits Dămea
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דף זה בעברית

Windermere
fi cduay Dămea
Created by	IlL, Praimhín
Setting	Verse:Tricin
Native speakers	270 million (13b0dd)
Language family	Lakovic Ashanic Classical Windermere Windermere

Modern Windermere (fi cduay Dămea /fi kduəj dəmeə/; Eevo: a birits Dymée) arose from the vernacular of Imperial Windermere settlers in Pategia and Bjeheond. It is also known as Ashanian (e.g. Ntzog Xäd in Hlou, Ásharn /ˈæʃɑːn/ in Shalian) or Tergetian (e.g. døludx Terged in Tseer, tergetosin in Clofabosin) in various Trician languages. Today Windermere is widespread in Bjeheond and Talma, being spoken in the USB, Tumhan, Pategia, Wen Dămea, and in former Windermere colonies in Txapoalli; with 270 million native speakers, it is the fifth most widely spoken native language and the most widely spoken Lakovic language.

In Talma, Modern Windermere forms a dialect continuum with other descendants of Classical Windermere. It is more distantly related to Tseer.

External History

Windermere is a conlang based on similarities between Hebrew and Mon-Khmer languages, such as final stress, minor syllables and head-initial syntax. Aesthetically it's also inspired by English, Romanian and Tíogall, one of my old Talmic sketches. It was originally created by Praimhín for the Fifth Linguifex Relay.

Todo

Accents in Windermere

• Fincreaș
• Rural Fincreaș
• Standard Mategian
• Standard Wen Dămea
• Other Wen Dămea accents
  • Sătmaș
  • Chăloa
  • Prucüew

Some accent should have th = Basque z, s = Basque s

Drel ya-rie srüe thăgem ftsüen e łen = Come with me if you want to live

lăchir e pra haș mül mif brits Angla, chăbec ngie fithnar e tchung croth șaf brits hathbur pra șän-șän

or maybe they become other clusters like db dg > dw, gb gd > gw gl, bd bg > bl pg

Diachronics

Phonological history

• In Talman Windermere, ə > 0 after aspirated consonants and fricatives. This makes the voicing alternation in the Classical Wdm. spirants f and th phonemic.
• l > ʟ in the Wen Dămea dialect
• Classical Windermere *ts and *tł merged into "ts", while ł (Basque s in Classical) shifted to /ɬ/

Grammatical history

• Tense particles instead of older tense inflections, from Hlou influence

Phonology

Consonants

		Labial mofăsing	Alveolar mosăbies	Lateral molăgoan	Palatal moyăclech	Velar moscong	Glottal motășang
Nasal mocră'i		m /m/	n /n/			ng /ŋ/
Plosive bintăptep	voiced yătge	b /b/	d /d/			g /g/
	voiceless chatge	p /p/	t /t/			c /k/	' /ʔ/
Affricate bintsăda			ts /ts/
Fricative binchlas	spirant binthăre	f /f~v/	th /θ~ð/			ch /x/
	nonspirant binsăreaf		s /s~z/	ł /ɬ/	ș /ʃ/		h /h/
Resonant binnădüech		w /w/	r /r/	l /l~ʟ/	y /j/

Voiceless plosives are aspirated in all dialects unless word-final or following a fricative. However the aspiration tends to be weaker in preinitial syllables.

/ʔ/ and /h/ are often dropped in casual speech.

Vowels

In Talman Windermere:

	Front		Central	Back
	unrounded	rounded
Close	i /i/	ü /y/	[ɨ]	u /u/
Near-close	ie /iə/	üe /yə/		ua /uə/
Close-mid	e; ä /e/		ă /ə/	o /o/
Open-mid	ea /eə/			oa /oə/
Open			a /ɐ/

ä is distinct from e in Bjeheondian accents.

Stress

Stress is almost always final, but can be non-final in function words.

Phonotactics

Zero and C are the only permitted word-final codas. /g h ʔ/ are prohibited in coda.

Allowed initial clusters in Classical Windermere are similar to Khmer. Here is a list by type of cluster (some clusters may be listed more than once):

• Cl: pl, tl, cl, bl, dl, gl, fl, thl, chl, sl, tsl, șl
• Cr: pr, tr, tsr, cr, br, dr, gr, fr, thr, chr, sr, tsr, șr
• Cm: tm, thm, cm, chm, sm, tsm, șm
• Cn: fn, cn, chn, sn, tsn, șn
• Cng: fng, tng, thng, chng, sng, tsng, șng
• Cw: tw, thw, dw, cw, chw, gw, tsw, sw, łw, tsw, șw
• XX (two obstruents): pd, pg, ps, pș, ft, fts, fc, tb, tg, thp, thc, cb, cd, cs, cș, chp, cht, chts, tsp, tsc, sp, st, sts, sc, șp, șt, șc

Voiced stops are not allowed to begin minor syllables in roots. This rule does not apply to proper names such as Dămea.

Intonation

• Talman Windermere: à la Avraham Shmuelof, likes to stay high until near the end of the sentence.
• Bjeheondian Windermere: halfway between Modern Hebrew and Khmer

Accents

Main article: Windermere/Accents

Orthography

Talman Windermere

Consonants

Consonants have capital and lowercase forms. Names and extremely respectful pronouns are written in all caps.

• Ϫϫ Շչ Ɑᶑ Ѡϙ Ғғ Ѵѵ Ƌժ Ƨƨ ſʗ = p b f t d th c g ch
• Ɨɟ ʢє Ϯ₼ = m n ng
• Ϟɥ Ɔɔ Պɱ Պ̃ɱ̃ Ʌʎ = s ł ts tł ș
• Էէ Ӿӿ Գƪ Քƍ Ֆⱷ Пп = r w y h l ʔ

Alphabetical order:

R D F L M G C B S Ł Ș Y NG T N TH P CH H W (rieth, däl, fieth, lear, mear, goal, cam, boal, sam, ła, șănat, yam, ngoath, trop, nang, thop, pa, cha, hieth, wir)

rădäf = alphabet

Vowels

The vowel signs are placed to the right of the consonant letter.

• · : ; ı › ˫ ⸗ƍ ⸗ = ă u ü i o e ä a; :ƍ ;ƍ ıƍ ›ƍ ˫ƍ = ua üe ie oa ea

Parts of speech

Nouns

There are two articles: the definite article fi (from the distal demonstrative fi) and the specific article se (from the proximal demonstrative se). Indefinite nonspecific nouns do not take an article. The English definite article, and some unpreceded nouns such as society, man (humanity), and life, correspond closely to the Windermere definite article, but the English indefinite article can be translated into either Windermere indefinite nouns or specific nouns depending on context.

• indefinite: Rüe șa rie imyar! = "Give me some flowers! (any flowers, I don't care what flowers they are)"
• specific: Rüe șa rie se imyar! = "Give me some flowers! (specific ones I have in mind)"
  • This command would probably be met with Imyar ra? "What flowers?".
• definite: Rüe șa rie fi imyar! = "Give me the flowers! (you and I both know what flowers)"

The articles contract with a preceding preposition such as mi 'in, at' and șa 'to, for': for example, mis, mif and șas, șaf. Before a sibilant (resp. labial), forms such as mise (resp. mifi) are used.

Pronouns

	I	thou (m.)	thou (f.)	thou (formal)	he	she	we (exc.)	we (inc.)	you (pl.)	you (pl. formal)	they (an.)	impersonal
Nominative	rie	łen	łes	Pra	in	is	tsa	bang	łănam	Impra	ănam	tung

• The impersonal pronoun tung (from tăchung 'some') can be used instead of a passive voice. In fact it's more general purpose than the passive voice which can only be used to turn direct objects into subjects.
• Łănam (capitalized in the native script) is used as a very respectful 2nd person pronoun, restricted to addressing royalty and divine figures.
• rie 'I' can informally be used as an impersonal pronoun.
• Inanimates use the demonstrative fid (plural imfid).
• The gendered demonstratives sen/ses 'this man/this woman' and fin/fis 'that man/that woman' are literary.
• Gender-neutral neopronouns in the 2sg informal and 3sg include łech/łef/łel (2sg informal) and ich/if/il (3sg) but there is no universally accepted standard yet.

Demonstratives

• this: __ se (adnominal); sed (pronominal), pl. imsed
• that: __ fi (adnominal); fid (pronominal), pl. imfid
• here: rădun se, dunse
• there: rădun fi, dumfi
• who: ășac ra, șara
• what: ra (in the sense of which), mül ra (in the sense of which thing)
• where: rădun ra, dura
• when: ngith ra, ngithra
• how: tănsü ra; tăra
• why: fănäl ra, fnăra
• all: tsor (preposed)
• many: mea (preposed)
• some: tăchung (preposed)
• few: łüp (preposed)
• any: prang (preposed)
• other: nătha

Verbs

Verbs are not conjugated, but are used with tense particles.

Imperatives:

• Familiar (both sg and pl): Tsrin! (Eat!)
  • A little rude: tsrin e łen/łes/łănam
• Polite sg: Tsrin e Pra!
• Polite pl: Tsrin e Impra!
• Very polite: Tsrin e Łănam!
• Cohortative: Tsrin e bang! (Let's eat!)

Negative imperatives are formed with taș:

• Taș hămoch fi thcür mi ăcnas hălut! = Don't climb too high on the ladder!
• Taș ămpaw e łen fi ădoac! = Don't you leave the room!

Adjectives

Copulas are not used with adjectives. For example, 'The man is strong' = Fi noaf ngăwes.

The comparative is formed with rech + adjective and the superlative is formed with hă'et + adjective.

• to = good
• rech to = better
• hă'et to = best

The word for 'than' is ăngi 'surpass', and rech is not necessary when ăngi is used. Colloquially the similar-sounding ngie 'like' may be used instead.

For comparing two verbs or clauses, you need to use ăngi fi moang or ăngi foang lit. 'than that which'

Fi șngap chea hoth rech păsräw ăngi foang rie chea fnga tăfongdual.

The car ran faster than I could catch up.

There are no imperatives for adjectives; one uses ieng 'do', căfol 'become', or ămtüs 'remain' with the adjective depending on the situation. For example:

• Ieng cdeal! (familiar) or Ieng e Pra cdeal! (polite) = Be bold! (lit. do boldly) to make a wish that the addressee should act boldly. This is the most neutral imperative.
• Căfol cdeal! implies that the listener is not bold now and should be.
• Ămtüs cdeal! should be obvious: "stay bold".

Pre-verbal particles

• chmi (or VERB VERB) = progressive
• chea = preterite
• chea ftoal = 'used to'
• chea chmi = past progressive
• fa = perfect
• chea fa = past perfect
• per = future
• per chmi = future progressive
• hos = conditional

Other particles

• eth = it does, doesn't it?
• swoch fi X = the very X

Conjunctions

• te = and
• uy = xor
• soas = or (either one of two)
• seam = but
• chăbec = (higher register) but
• łüch șa = in order to
• hăbra = therefore
• pithlang = because
  • ło(ng) = (high register) because
• ătuach nga = although
  • ya(ng) = (high register) although
• șang, łüch șa(ng) = so that
• moang = relativizer
• nga = complementizer
• tăngap (nga) = before
• łăgie (nga) = after
• swe/sweng = when, while
• șăfongtas nga = as long as
• mi tstoal nga = as soon as
• năhüng = until
• tă'iep = on the other hand

Prepositions

• mi: locative; in, at
• ya: with
• șa: to, for
• ngie: like, as
• fa: ablative
• tsăbi: without
• fe: by (passive)
• ło: on, about
• cde (higher register): about, concerning
• tăngap: before
• woach: behind
• łăgie: after
• ba: through
• moang: of (optional)
• șawim: along
• ngie prăwim: according to
• năhüng = until, up to
  • fa... năhü... = from... to/through...
• măceaf = towards (a person)
• mi hoath = by means of

Auxiliaries

• fnga = can
• thăgem V e X = X wants to V
• pdar = must
• ruay hălșab = may, have permission to
• thușnoa = be sure to
• hac = passive
• dur = come to
• X cișloch mi = X need only, it suffices that X...

Adverbs of location

• ăris, ris = up
• psuy = down
• mif ey = on the side
• spea te wăgie = back and forth, to and fro

Adverbs of time

• hăsüs = yet, still
  • die ... hăsüs = not anymore (NOT "not yet")
• lișnap = not yet
• smaw X = every X/by the X where X = time
  • smaw tsoa/fnüd/tsănga/len = every morning/day/evening/night
  • smaw roac = from time to time, every now and then
• ngieș = already

Adverbs of emphasis

• torech = rather
• yic = only
• ămic fi X, swoch fi X = (this) very X
• ătuach = even
  • comes before negative: Ătuach die thăgem mălitchow ef chäth fi. 'That child doesn't even want to communicate.'
• tămo = very, very much, greatly
  • Is chea dur thușrăber fa in tămo. = She came to be very resentful of him.
• tsor łăngü = at all, anyway

Adverbs of quantity

• șămea = a lot of, much (number or quantity)
  • In lăchir șa mea ło hălwier-prăcăbäs. = He writes about sociology a lot.
• łüp = a little
  • tăfad = little, only a little
• ngie tlieb = about, approximately
• rech șămea = more
  • rech tăfad = less
• ămac = enough
• mi thuyut = especially
• răngi = (verb) too much, too (adj, adv)
  • răngi mea = too much

Syntax

SVO, VSO in subordinate clauses with the subject marked with e; but subordinate clauses are SVO when marked with the complementizer nga

NAdj, NGen, NRel, prepositions

Rie chmi brits cdes că'üs tes tsăctsoc.

1SG PROG speak about-SPEC love and-SPEC hate

I speak of love and hate.

Fi rüech chmi tsrin se troas.

DEF bird PROG eat SPEC seed

The bird is eating a seed.

Time clauses

• swe = "while" but it takes VSO: swe căwdul ef imfnüd ("as the days go by")
• for SVO use sweng: sweng fi imfnüd căwdul

Verb phrase

Verb phrases are of the form:

TENSE MARKER + NEGATION + AUXILIARY + VERB + object (order of objects? pronominal objects + nominal direct objects + nominal oblique objects)

Hăyad chea rüe tsăngtsung șa Inthar, seam in chea die făntsüc chămpüe fid.

H. PST give riddle to I. but he PST NEG succeed untangle that_noun

Hăyad gave Inthar a riddle, but he couldn't solve it.

Inversion

SVO clauses are inverted to VSO clauses after certain conjunctions. In a VSO clause the particle e must precede the subject.

Independent VSO clauses have hortative or optative meanings:

Plachtom e chwep!

appear NOM light

Let there be light!

The more... the more...

Rie die clăduang tsäl fa foang chmi nătsap. Hoth-hoth rie, căfol-căfol rie blaw.

1SG not receive hint from that_which PROG happen. run-run 1SG, become-become 1SG fat.

I don't get what's going on. The more I run, the fatter I get.

Relative clauses

• moang is the relativizer
• When the head becomes an oblique object, a resumptive pronoun is used.
• English what-clauses are translated with fi moang....

Vocabulary

Modern Windermere contains more Talmic and Hlou-Shum loanwords than Classical Windermere; even derivational affixes have been borrowed. In modern times, many Eevo loans are entering the language, to the dismay of purists.

Layers

• inherited Windermere (including Talmic loans)
• Tseezh loans
• Hlou-Shum loans
• other miscellaneous loans (from Häskä, Eevo etc.)
• Classical Windermere reborrowings
• recent Eevo loans

Derivation

• TODO: another nominalizer?
• ⟨i⟩ = nominalizer for verbs
• bin- = nominalizer for verbs
• hăl- = nominalizer for adjectives
• să- = nominalizer
• ⟨ng⟩ = infix forming place nouns
• sngeaf 'world, Tricin' < seaf 'walk, go'
• ⟨c⟩ = infix forming instruments from verbs
• di- = negation
• cha- = -less
• ing- = verbalizer
• mo- (+ voicing of plosives) = adjectivizer
• lă = verbalizer (how productive?)
• yă- = adjectivizer
• nu- = agentive (Classical Windermere; and productive to an extent in Modern Windermere)
• pa- = patientive (from Old Windermere *p + *ha)
• ⟨năr⟩, ⟨măr⟩ = a result/state (which becomes another adjectivizer?)
• Că(syllable S) -> Că(S reduced)(S) = diminutive
  • yar = flower > yăryar 'little flower'
• ‹ră› = patient noun
• pră- = patient noun, -ee
• ha- = -able, able to [intransitive verb]

"Trigger" verb affixes

These were originally trigger affixes but had become derivational affixes to derive verbs by Classical Windermere times.

• ‹ăn/ăng› = Applicative trigger
• ‹ith› = Locative trigger
• ‹ăw› = Instrumental trigger
• ‹ăfong› = Destination trigger
  • răfongüe 'to endow' < rüe 'to give'
• ‹ălis› = Comitative trigger
• ‹ăm› = Source/cause trigger
• ‹ăchem› = Benefactive/purpose trigger
• ‹ărea› = Malefactive trigger

Lexical aspect affixes

Classical Windermere aspects became derivational, analogous to how PIE aspects became lexical in daughter IE languages. This mirrors the development in other Talman Lakovic languages but Windermere has been the most heavily affected.

Reduplicant uses 1st consonant (F) or last consonant (L)

• imperfective/stative = unmarked; marked with li- for others
• perfective = unmarked for some verbs but marked with em- for others
• prospective = hef-
• momentane = pla-
• progressive = ăL-
• intensive/excessive = FăL-
• frequentative = eNFă-
• inchoative/inceptive = osăL-
• graduative = tăFa-

Concatenation

Head-initial concatenation is often used to derive expressions that would correspond to words in English. In transliteration common concatenated expressions are hyphenated, e.g. hălwier-chne 'mathematics' (lit. 'beauty of ideal/order').

The resulting meaning from concatenation is not always entirely predictable.

Archaic words also appear as cranberry morphemes in some concatenated expressions. For example, sămeath-păchnay, meaning 'patriotism', literally means "honoring the king", where sămeath means 'to honor, to revere' in archaic Windermere.

Common concatenated morphemes are:

• tar = places (lit. 'house of')
• hălwier = '-logy' (lit. 'beauty of')
• wang = 'matter, affairs'
• ngoth = 'manner, way'
• sces = 'style of, à la'
• ăma = 'proto, ur-' (lit. 'mother of')
• tam = 'full of, -ive, -ful'

Sample texts

Newton's Laws

I: Tsi'eth ămtüs mi hăllithăhuł soas mi hăltsăliet rădoan, srüe die tłith'ach e sănguac ło fid.

object remain LOC NOMZ-stationary or LOC NOMZ-speed constant, if not act NOM force on that_PRON

I: An object stays at rest, or at a constant speed, unless a force acts on it.

II: Fi ălcifol ło fi hălpășad moang fteach fid sibaganangch mif sănguac moang tung șithcats șafi fteach; te fi ălcifol ișrom șawim fi șădong glan moang tung șithcats fi sănguac yătăngap ło fid.

DEF <VN>change on DEF STAT-ACT-move of body that_PRON proportional LOC-DEF force REL IMPERS apply DAT-DEF body; and the <VN>change occur along DEF line straight REL IMPERS apply DEF force aforementioned on that_PRON

II: The change in the momentum of a body is proportional to the force applied to the body; and the change occurs along the straight line on which that force is applied.

III: Tsor binșithcats ruay se binșithcats-căräng thür.

all action have SPEC action-against equal

III: Every action has an equal and opposite reaction.

You are not obligated to complete the work, but...

Łen die nămărłof şa cithloch se thibur, tă'iep łen die pluam șa măreado fid. (Mișna, Pircey Abot 2’21”)

2SG.M NEG obligated to complete SPEC work, but_also 2SG.M NEG free to abandon DEM_DIST

You are not obligated to complete the work, but neither are you free to abandon it. (Mishnah, Pirkei Avot 2:21)

Inge

Bang fa bin'ătsoal fi lăhoal fi sngeaf imtriem, te fa băfonglis fi imșășul bang ya tsăngua te gow mi thusăyieng chngăfi, häb nga tsip crirath, päd fnga frel e 'nam im'ăngi'ong, ănam hos ristey fi chlăpsur mi wă'ua croth.

1PL.IN PERF enslave DEF rest DEF world PL-animal, and PERF treat DEF PL-cousins 1PL.IN with fur and feather ADV evil so_much, until COMP without doubt, if_counterfactual POT transmit NOM 3PL.AN story, 3PL.AN COND imagine DEF villain in form human_being.

"Ne-Zim"

Srüe ruay e croth patsrin, te di ruay ef păcrit rus, te rüe e sed șa fid, yic ya sămirüe łithad tsip neab te dămiseath e fid swoch, lea mot bintănse yășithbech? Tieth, fid mot mitse paw yătithun moang binłăcthie! Thăbur ef croth ngie nuthbur papluas mi-thäș, șang fid plang łos imsrup te thusămpey moang thăprea. Wăhang, fi mocănłin pra lea chithud srüe ngil e rie "Seth" mi łäm "croth"? - Ne-Sim

From Hamlet

Șa ftsüen uy șa răchta, sed mot eth fi binbiets.

To live or to die, this.PRON COP exactly DEF question

To be or not to be, that is the question.

(This line is in the Windermere alexandrine)

From the Internationale

Ămflü, hay tsor pachărea'i fi sngeaf!

arise, VOC all PAT-scorn DEF world

Arise, all ye scorned ones of the world!

UDHR

Binhithma lăchpaș moang fi imłin croth

Nicüf tăche

Tsor croth fa ășeal pluam te thür mis hăltsăbas tes imłin. Tung răfongüe ănam yas hălpăthin tes hălslith'a, te pdar thușnoa e nam tănse fidoan măceaf nătha mis șăgor hălchăsräf.

all human PERF be_born free and equal in-SPEC dignity and-SPEC PL-right. IMPERS endow 3PL with-SPEC reason and-SPEC conscience, and must make_sure NOM 3PL act one towards other in-SPEC spirit ABST-fellow

(Mategian; Bjeheondian) [ts̠or̥ kʰr̥oð vä ʔɘˈʂeəl pʰluəm tʰe ðyr mis hlˈtsəbäs tʰes ʔimˈɬin ‖ ʔɘnäm häk rɘvoˈŋyə jäs̠ hlpɘˈðin tʰes̠ hls̠liθˈʔa, tʰe pʰɘdar ðuʃˈnoə ʔe näm tʰnze viˈdoən mɘˈkʰeəv nɘˈðä mis̠ ʂəˈɣor̥ hlxɘzˈræf]

(Wen Dămea) [tso̞:r kʰr̥o̞:ð fä əˈʃeːɤˁ pʰχˁuəm tʰe̞ θy:r mis hɤˁˈtsɑ:s tʰe̞s imˈɬi:n ‖ ənä:m häk rəvo̞ˈŋyə jäs hɤˁpəˈðin tʰe̞s hɤˁsʁˁiθˈʔa, tʰe̞ pʰta:r θuʃˈnoə ʔe̞ nä:m tʰənse̞: fiˈdoən məˈkʰeəv nəˈðä: mis ʃko̞:r hɤˁxəzˈre:v]

The Round Table

This passage is from the Imthumitil Păchlac, a retranslation of the Imθumăytil into Modern Windermere by Yăchef Clay.

Modern Wdm.

Mi ngith doan chea chmi dur e tach imchäth mis mogor litheath. Fi Pida Brăwied chea sray bintăbiets: "Mea ra łănam dunse?"

Swe chea chmi chnung e müets imchäth hăsüs, doan chäth chea plawăsma: "Șrüch stiw! Ruay mi tsum immognas tach dunse, immălin thaf müets, imchustiw liew, imchusmäch thaf müets, imchumüets tach, te doan imchutach."

Prăyon nga fi Pida Brăwied chea tăbiets: "Wăhang, mea ra chmi, srüe hădean e do croth hiboath?"

Ăfifay chea că'aw e fid: "Lea sed die placănărnga, fi Pida? Bang ruay tsor tăy'ua palüc, sach se făbeang imtăy'ua nătha yaf croth mălem!"

Fi Pida chea sngiem șaf chäth mi ngil, "Fi chäth se eth ruay hăltsrüeng te thăpal fănaw."

Original (Classical Wdm.)

Ngiθ dur taχ χaaθ mogor. Tăbiits Pĭda Brăwiid: "Măra łĭnam?"

Mi-ăngnung căχθaaθ năθa emrĭtsal doon: Șrüχ te-stiw: taχ mognas, θaφ te-müüts θraaφ, liiw stăliw, θaφ te-müüts mălsaaχ, taχ mălüüts, doon tălaχ."

Tăbiits Pĭda Brăwiid: "Ǎna mee ra, srüü hĭdeen croθ năθa?"

Eφθooc χaaθ, "Op cănga, Pida: tsor pădiiχ φnărtaang, te ămsaχ păχwădiiχ năθa ya-croθ φi!"

Esngiim Pĭda Brăwiid șa-χaaθ șa-ngil, "Ăruuy șa-χaaθ se tsărüüng te θăpal φănaw φănaw."

English

Once, six children were in a round table. Master Brăwied asked them a question: "How many of you are here?"

While five children were still counting, one child called out: "Sixty-three! 6 individuals, 15 teams of two, 20 teams of 3, 15 teams of 4, 6 teams of 5, and one team of 6."

Then Master Brăwied asked: "Well then, how many people will be there if another person enters?"

The child replied: "Isn't it obvious, Master? Here we have all of the old teams, as well as another set of teams with the new person!"

The Master praised the child, saying, "This child has wisdom and understanding indeed."

Warming Up to You

[...]
Tuach ya snar nga łen per răchta mi neab
Rie pănea mis hălsieth łen,
Tsin cămșuth ef s­ădoan hălsieth se hălngărătiew –
Fi imcnul hălsnar;
Fi tslües, sem fa tănet e łen mif căngtseth se
Te per ăloth ris șa tăgoa.

Gloss:
even with know COMP 2SG.M FUT die LOC end
1SG dwell LOC-SP warmth 2SG.M
because nurture NOM-DEF same warmth SP curiosity
DEF PL-leaf knowledge
DEF garden REL PERF plant NOM 2SG.M LOC-DEF plot_of_land this
and FUT keep up DAT eternity

Poetry

Rhyming works similarly to English (two words rhyme if rimes agree).

A classical literary Windermere meter is determined by

• The number of syllables in a line (which might alternate);
• A sequence of accentual feet making up each line (usually iambs and anapaests, with the occasional trochee);
• Zero or more caesurae in each line.

The most common meter in literary poetry by far is chinung tălach ('hexad meter', more literally 'hexad count'), a form of alexandrine where each line consists of two iambic trimeter halves separated by a caesura. The first of each group of three feet may occasionally be a trochee.

Gibberish:

Tsăcnoa mis ingthunean! Tsăley pdoch șaf łăpuang!
Riftüts es hălthăcäw łos dlong fa tăliscuang!
Trăngar tăngap fi mluas, f imtar säl-pthües fid bruang
Ya seaf łă'och łă'och — f imdoats dihachămtuang.

The alexandrine was established as standard by the poet Andosil Łăbä, since he considered it more suitable for Modern Windermere, an alternative to the syllabic meters of Classical Windermere poetry.

Various poets experimented with altering the alexandrine: they would change the grouping of the 12 syllables in the line, or they would not necessarily use six iambs.

Some other meters are:

• Anapaestic tetrameter: (uSuuSuuSuuS, S = stressed, u = unstressed) It is a somewhat uncommon meter but is used in the King Sămtsay Song, the Windermere national anthem.
• Free verse
• Rhyming prose, like poetic sections of the Imθumăytil

Sample

Mi seaf imfnüd se doach te stoac păłoa mosrel,
Tes tsor hălpduth șăm'it — lăta, chnet fa mi yem!
Rinoat ef loc Dămath, șicleap yaf imhăcwel;
Doar bang, yăsnar, tămnüth, mi sngom se chwep păhem.
— Srăga Tsayfuan

Gloss:
LOC walk PL-day SP summer and meet wind winter,
and all hope vanish — look ray from afar
turn_intransitive NOM-DEF wheel fortune, oblivious with-DEF PL-sweat;
yet 1PL.IN, wise, work_hard, in seek SP light early_morning

Paraphrase:
As summer days trudge on, and meet the winter soil,
And all hope comes to naught — light shines from far away.
Let Fortune turn her wheel, oblivious to our toil;
we skillful ones work hard, and seek the light of day.
— Srăga Tsayfuan, fantasy author