Evandorian languages: Difference between revisions
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* The Nivarese script is mainly used in the southern part of Evandor, and is the writing system used for Nivarese and all remaining Southern Evandorian languages, and the Kegdevian languages. Being the official script of Olymagù, it is also used by Urkunkian speakers to write their language, even if it mostly exists in oral form only. | * The Nivarese script is mainly used in the southern part of Evandor, and is the writing system used for Nivarese and all remaining Southern Evandorian languages, and the Kegdevian languages. Being the official script of Olymagù, it is also used by Urkunkian speakers to write their language, even if it mostly exists in oral form only. | ||
* The Véraj script, originally an offshoot of the Nivarese script, is used for the Landward Velken languages and Vuljakađi (a Narenian language). | * The Véraj script, originally an offshoot of the Nivarese script, is used for the Landward Velken languages and Vuljakađi (a Narenian language). | ||
* Tørenči uses its own script, as does (unofficially) Trešian, spoken in an autonomous region of | * Tørenči uses its own script, as does (unofficially) Trešian, spoken in an autonomous region of Rufisgen, which is nowadays generally written in the Rufian script due to it being the only official script of the country; however, its native Trešian script has been the predominant written form of the language for centuries. | ||
Note that Hyxyn is a digraphic country, using officially both the Íscégon and the Véraj script for Hyxynen. The Véraj script is predominantly used in formal contexts, while informal writings are in the Íscégon script. Hyxynen as spoken in Majkjar as well as Majkjaržen (whose status as a separate language is disputed) are however only written in the Véraj script. | Note that Hyxyn is a digraphic country, using officially both the Íscégon and the Véraj script for Hyxynen. The Véraj script is predominantly used in formal contexts, while informal writings are in the Íscégon script. Hyxynen as spoken in Majkjar as well as Majkjaržen (whose status as a separate language is disputed) are however only written in the Véraj script. |
Revision as of 21:53, 2 June 2020
Evandorian | |
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Created by | – |
Geographic distribution | planet of Calémere: most of the continent of Evandor, then in almost all of the planet |
Linguistic classification | One of Calémere's primary language families |
Proto-language | Proto-Evandorian |
Subdivisions |
|
The Evandorian languages (Cer.: šérošu Évandorion; Nor.: þêukor Evandóran; Aur.: itxifsreyɣ idIwanduyyirɣ) are one of the language families of the planet of Calémere, the largest in terms of native and, most notably, second-language speakers. As the name says, the Evandorian languages are native of the continent of Evandor, one of the "continental areas" of the landmass called Greater Evandor (Sémánton Évandó) in Cerian sources, more commonly divided in the three continents of Evandor, Márusúturon, and Védren. All major languages of the continent are Evandorian languages, and, as Evandor was the birthplace of Western Calemerian civilization, Evandorian languages have had a large impact first on neighboring language and, in the last 700 years, on the whole planet due to exploration and colonization. Íscégon and Ancient Nivarese were the languages of the two main ancient Evandorian civilization and still prestige languages today, while the languages of the colonial powers (Cerian, Nordulaki, Auralian, modern Nivarese, and Dorumon above all, but also others) are spoken and understood in many areas of the planet; Cerian is possibly the most important trade language today, as the lingua franca of the Western world (opposed to Chlouvānem, the Eastern world's lingua franca).
Classification
Evandorian languages are divided in six major branches and two other languages — their names are mostly geographical — † denotes extinct languages:
- Northern Evandorian
- Central Evandorian
- Western Evandorian
- Xend languages
- Norpkarďaz
- Majo-Bankravian
- Shoronic languages
- Shoronian
- Rištećek
- Pevân †
- Isèlkan
- Helinetian
- Xend languages
- Southern Evandorian
- ancient Nivarese †
- modern Nivarese
- Auralian
- Sinernian
- Aghrocic languages
- Gamurt †
- Nüktünian
- Aghrocian
- Gazimyukian
- Móleachan
- Teñlese Móleachan
- ancient Nivarese †
- Kegdevian languages
- Northern Kegdevian †
- Southern Kegdevian †
- Antlorian
- Kajran
- Narenian languages
- Spāq †
- Trešian[1]
- Alsimian
- Vuljakađi
- Greubican
- Tørenči
- Holenagic
- Urkunkian (often considered a group of two different languages, usually called North and South Urkunkian as almost every town gives it its own name — both are spoken in Olymagù, one of only five[2] countries in Evandor whose official and majority language is not an Evandorian one)
Writing
There are five different scripts in use for Evandorian languages:
- Most languages in the family use an adapted variant of the Íscégon script: such languages include all of the Western and Central branches plus Holenagic (isolate among the family), Nordûlaki, Spyŋun, Gathura, and Hyxynen (all Northern), Auralian and Nüktünian (Southern) and, since the last fifteen years, also Alsimian and Greubican (both Narenian languages).
- The Nivarese script is mainly used in the southern part of Evandor, and is the writing system used for Nivarese and all remaining Southern Evandorian languages, and the Kegdevian languages. Being the official script of Olymagù, it is also used by Urkunkian speakers to write their language, even if it mostly exists in oral form only.
- The Véraj script, originally an offshoot of the Nivarese script, is used for the Landward Velken languages and Vuljakađi (a Narenian language).
- Tørenči uses its own script, as does (unofficially) Trešian, spoken in an autonomous region of Rufisgen, which is nowadays generally written in the Rufian script due to it being the only official script of the country; however, its native Trešian script has been the predominant written form of the language for centuries.
Note that Hyxyn is a digraphic country, using officially both the Íscégon and the Véraj script for Hyxynen. The Véraj script is predominantly used in formal contexts, while informal writings are in the Íscégon script. Hyxynen as spoken in Majkjar as well as Majkjaržen (whose status as a separate language is disputed) are however only written in the Véraj script.
Numbers in various Evandorian languages
Proto-Evandorian | Central | Northern | Southern | Western | Holenagic Hgâhlenaihduq | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Íscégon | Cerian Čérízon |
Besagren Besodxun |
Dorumian Dorrumìggjen |
Nordulaki Nordûlaki |
Kalese Kalávyn |
Hyxynen | Genestian Ğeneštven |
Gathura Gatḫuruiš |
Ancient Nivarese Nīvaʼōnīs |
Nivarese Niveóni |
Auralian ahAwralyir |
Aghrocian Ɂaḡručun |
Gazimyukian ʕazimyük |
Majo-Bankravian Majustin ~ Bankrawstin | ||
*ŋ̊ʷe "one" | nue | ná | nau | nue | ge | že | že | že | g̃e | qe | ki | ḥa | gi | ge | jö | hngav [ŋ̊ɔ] |
*sip "two" | sipo | šíu | seu | šipe | xiu | ší | šiv | šiv | šib | sep | sif | sif | šī | sö | sip | hluib [ɬupʲ] |
*srwaɁ "three" | liúa | iúa | dxu | jubba | surá | thrá | šro | sró | sura | surwō | surov | srway | uršā | oras | swörr | svaq [svaq] |
*l̥its "four" | tisís | tiše | tissi | tišši | lleix | ļiš | liš | liš | liz | śit | šet | ṣir | sič | yis | sjis | hleiȟ [ɬex] |
*däps "five" | depso | deuso | dessu | dièppese | tait | toš | toš | toš | teš | dafes | dáfis | tefs | dač | des | dast | dehf [teː] |
*dä.m̥eɁ "six" | iame | ján | dxame | jamme | teim | tém | tim | tím | teme | dufē | dufí | tfeɣ | dafi | dafe | täm | dahm [ta] |
*Ɂʷi.täɁs "seven" | uisies | víše | bisse | uišše | deit | zöš | jež | zýš | iz | ʼisōs | isó | yaswa | gisa | giye | kwess | qehtq [q͡χɛxq] |
*kʰo.dol "eight" | hodó | fú | odò | joddo | kau | ká | ko | kó | qul | khovol | khuvú | ḥuẓl | xuzul | xuzow | hjådn | qâl [q͡χɔw] |
*laks "nine" | dax | dáso | dassu | daccese | llas | lás | vos | lós | las | lax | laš | laks | lač | les | läx | lahs [laːj] |
*Ɂal.lakʷ "ten" | ádau | ódo | addo | uaddo | olbá | óvä | uvo | úva | alaḫ | ʼalox | áluš | arḥ | Ɂaḡulaḥ | aḡolak | ågl | qarȟ [q͡χarx] |