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| === Commentary on Some Random Stuff === | | === Commentary on Some Random Stuff === |
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| * '''Minhast Morphosyntax Notes - Noun Incorporation''': This is an example of Minthun's Classificatory NI (Class IV) being exploited by Minhast. Here, it is essentially creating the equivalent of a locative noun in other languages, e.g. English "Within the ''interior of'' the beast...", which is essentially an Inessive-like case construction. Here, ''nua'' means "side", and has been incorporated into the verb complex. The implicit head is ''suharak'' (deerskin), which was mentioned in a previous line in the passage, which is what the Locative applicative ''naħk-'' is referring to. This construction is equivalent to saying "Next to it", "By its side", etc.
| | ===== Minhast Morphosyntax Notes ===== |
| | |
| | ====== Noun Incorporation ====== |
| | This is an example of Minthun's Classificatory NI (Class IV) being exploited by Minhast. Here, it is essentially creating the equivalent of a locative noun in other languages, e.g. English "Within the ''interior of'' the beast...", which is essentially an Inessive-like case construction. Here, ''nua'' means "side", and has been incorporated into the verb complex. The implicit head is ''suharak'' (deerskin), which was mentioned in a previous line in the passage, which is what the Locative applicative ''naħk-'' is referring to. This construction is equivalent to saying "Next to it", "By its side", etc. |
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| {{Gloss | | {{Gloss |
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| }} | | }} |
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| === Verb Template for Vadi === | | ===== Vadi ===== |
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| | ====== Verb Template for Vadi ====== |
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| {| class="wikitable" | | {| class="wikitable" |
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| |} | | |} |
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| === Relays===
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| * [[Fourth_Linguifex_Relay|Fourth Linguifex Relay]]
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| * [[Fifth_Linguifex_Relay|Fifth Linguifex Relay]] (didn't attend - out of country?)
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| * [[Sixth_Linguifex_Relay|Sixth Linguifex Relay]]
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| * [[Sixth Linguifex Relay/Nankôre|Nankôre Relay #6]]
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| <!--
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| //*******************************;<br/>
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| //******** Received Text *****;<br/>
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| //*******************************;<br/>
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| 1) glad COP 1s, that 1s-NOM speak-can-V<br/>
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| 2) (personal name) world.OBJ come-have-V, with gratitude-V/PL* world.OBJ scratch-have-V also<br/>
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| 3) mis-believe-V 1s-NOM, that see-worthy COP 3s, but arm-NOM NEG glad-CAUS-V PROX.DEM-near<br/>
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| 4) 3s-NOM PROX.DEM place live-have-V, also time.OBJ 3s-NOM speak-V, rain-NOM come-V<br/>
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| 5) after-time, 3s-NOM grow-have-V<br/>
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| //*******************************;<br/>
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| //***** Full Nankôre Text *****;<br/>
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| //*******************************;<br/>
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| Yorai, rasneskoro, kantómasyak yistá', sikoryak itá';<br/>
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| Paishi Tipāré hakor nitá',<br/>
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| Šaroc, kantókor itán siyam rohpakor tānitá',<br/>
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| Pakornene, yuki kantó kaniskoro royuki itá',<br/>
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| Kaniskoro cercokor ita', ocerokor yorai ita', šoysak ita';<br/>
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| Nan yistá'.<br/>
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|
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| //***************************************;<br/>
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| //**** Nankôre Literal Translation***;<br/>
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| //***************************************;<br/>
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| //Line #1;<br/>
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| "I am glad that I can say that";<br/>
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| once.upon.a.time this.thing happy-I.assure.you I-become;;<br/>
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| "Yorai rasneskoro kantómasyak tayistá';;<br/>
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| yorai rasne=skoro kantó-mas=yak ta-yistá-';<br/>
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| DIST.PST thing=DEM.PROX happy-ASSERT=1S INCH-COP-LS;<br/>;<br/>
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| {{Gloss
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| |phrase = Yorai, rasneskoro, kantómasyak yistá', sikoryak itá';
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| | IPA = jo'ɾaɪ ɾaʃ'neʃkoɾo kan'tomaʃak jiʃ'taʔ ʃɪ'koɾjak ɪ'taʔ;
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| | morphemes = yorai rasne=skoro kantó-mas=yak yistá-' si=kôre=ak itá-'
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| | gloss = DIST.PST thing=DEM.PROX happy-ASSERT=1S INCH-DIR.PRS.COP-LS CONN=speak-1S DIR.PRS.COP-LS
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| | translation =
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| }}
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|
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| //Line #2a;<br/>
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| "[PN] came to the world,";<br/>
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| Paishi Tipārē was come, it is said,;<br/>
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| "Paishi Tipārē hakor nitá';<br/>
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| Paishi Tipārē ha-kor n-itá-';<br/>
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| [PN] come-EVID.HEAR DIR.PST-COP-LS;<br/>;<br/>
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|
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| {{Gloss
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| |phrase = Paishi Tipāré hakór nitá';
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| | IPA = paɪʃi tɪpa:'ɾɛ ha'koɾ nɪ'taʔ
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| | morphemes = Paishi Tipāré ha-kór n-itá-'
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| | gloss = [PN] come-EVID.HEAR DIR.PST-COP-LS
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| | translation =
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| }}
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|
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| //Line #2b;<br/>
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| "[with they-are-happy] he scratched (influenced?) the world, also,";<br/>
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| World.HA [They happy are that.which]=shi he.accompanied form-[hearsay] he.make.them,;<br/>
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| Šaroc, kantókor itán siyam, rohpakór tānitá';<br/>
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| šaroc, kantó-kor itá-n si=yam, rohpa-kór tā-n-itá-';<br/>
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| earth.HA happy-EVID.HEAR COP-LP CONN=accompany form-EVID.HEAR INV.P-HP-COP-LS;<br/>;<br/>
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| {{Gloss
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| |phrase = Šaroc, šokankór intán siyam rohpakór tānitá';
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| | IPA = 'ʃaɾotʃ ʃokan'koɾ ɪn'tan ʃijam ɾoɦpa'koɾ ta:nɪ'taʔ
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| | morphemes = šaroc, šokam-kór intá-' si=yam rohpa-kór tā-n-itá-'
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| | gloss = earth.HA thank-EVID.HEAR DIR.HP.PRS.COP-LS CONN=accompany form-EVID.HEAR INV.P-HP-PRS.COP-LS
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| | translation =
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| }}
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|
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| //Line #3;<br/>
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| "I don't believe, that it is worthy to see, but an/the arm doesn't make (me?) happy here";<br/>
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| you need.to.see I doubt, using.the.arm.removes happiness,;<br/>
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| Pakornene, yuki kantó kaniskoro royuki itá';<br/>
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| pakor-anene, yuki.HA kantó.LA kani=skoro ro-yuki itá-';<br/>
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| need-EVID.DUB, arm.HA happy.LA location=DEM.PROX remove-arm DIR.PRS.COP-LS;<br/>;<br/>
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|
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| {{Gloss
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| |phrase = Pakornene, kaniskoro yuki kantó kaniskoro royuki itá';
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| | IPA = pakoɾ'nene ka'nɪʃkoɾo juki kan'to ka'nɪʃkoɾo ɾo'juki ɪ'taʔ
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| | morphemes = pakor-anene, yuki kantó kani=skoro ro-yuki itá-'
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| | gloss = need-EVID.DUB, arm.HA happy.LA location=DEM.PROX remove-arm DIR.PRS.COP-LS
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| | translation =
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| }}
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|
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| //Line #4;<br/>
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| "He has lived in this place, and spoke of the time, (when) the rain came";<br/>
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| This place dwell he, he spoke of-the-once-upon-a-time, shi=it-rained;<br/>
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| "Kaniskoro cercokor ita', ocerokór yorai ita', šoysak ita'";<br/>
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| kani=skoro cerco-kór ita' ocero-kór yorai ita-' si=oysak ita-';<br/>
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| location=DEM.PROX dwell-EVID.HEAR narrate-EVID.HEAR DIST.PST COP-LS CONN=rain COP-LS;<br/>;<br/>
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|
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| {{Gloss
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| |phrase = Kaniskoro cercokór ita', ocerokór yorai ita', šoysak ita';
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| | IPA = ka'nɪʃkoɾo tʃeɾ'koɾ ɪ'taʔ otʃeɾo'koɾ joɾaɪ ɪ'taʔ ʃoɪsak ɪ'taʔ
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| | morphemes = kani=skoro cerco-kór ita' ocero-kór yorai ita-' si=oysak ita-
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| | gloss = location=DEM.PROX dwell-EVID.HEAR narrate-EVID.HEAR DIST.PST DIR.PRS..COP-LS CONN=rain.fall.down DIR.PRS.COP-LS
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| | translation =
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| }}
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|
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| //Line #5;<br/>
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| "After time ("awhile" ?), he had grown";<br/>
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| Man become.;<br/>
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| Nan yistá'.;<br/>
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| nan yis-itá-';<br/>
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| man INCH-COP-LS;<br/>;<br/>
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|
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| {{Gloss
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| |phrase = Nan yistá'.
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| | IPA = nan jɪʃ'taʔ
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| | morphemes = Nan yis-itá-'.
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| | gloss = man INCH-DIR.PRS.COP-LS
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| | translation =
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| }}
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| Abbreviations: <br/><br/>
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| 1S = First Person Singular<br/>
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| ASSERT = Assertive<br/>
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| CONN = Connective<br/>
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| COP = Copula<br/>
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| DEM.PROX = Proximal demonstrative<br/>
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| DIR = Direct Voice<br/>
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| DIST.PST = Distal Past<br/>
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| EVID.DUB = Dubitative evidential<br/>
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| EVID.HEAR = Hearsay evidential<br/>
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| HA = High Animate core argument<br/>
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| HP = High Animate Plural core argument<br/>
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| INCH = Inchoative<br/>
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| INV = Inverse Voice<br/>
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| LA = Low Animate core argument<br/>
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| LP = Low Animate Plural core argument<br/>
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| LS = Low Animate Singular core argument<br/>
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| P = Plural<br/>
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| PRS = Present tense<br/>
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| PST = Past tense<br/>
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| S = Singular<br/><br/>
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|
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| # In intransitive clauses, the copula takes the Direct forms only.
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| # In transitive clauses, high animate core arguments are considered Agents by default. Low animate core arguments acting as Agents license the Inverse marker ''ta-''; the Inverse marker cliticizes to the initial verb of the verb complex, and is prefixed to the copula; the low animate argument is thus doubly marked by the Inverse marker.
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| # The pronominal animacy hierarchy is: 1st >> 2nd >> 3rd. However, note that plural 3rd person arguments outrank all singular arguments.
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| # The present tense, when used as a narrative tense, often refers to past events. Adverbial markers referring to the distal past, such as ''yorai'', may thus appear with a present tense copula.
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| # Rather than using cases or adpositions to indicate thematic relations, Nankôre employs coverbs in verb serialization. See [[Nankôre#Directional-Positional_Coverbs]] for additional information.
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| More information about the grammar can be found in the [[Nankôre]] wiki. Readers are directed to the sections dealing with the animacy hierarchy and familiarize themselves with the direct-inverse marking system of the copula, as well as the [[Nankôre#The_Verb_Complex|verb complex]].
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| -->
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| <!--
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|
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| === Final Product ===
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|
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| //*******************************;<br/>
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| //***** Full Nankôre Text *****;<br/>
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| //*******************************;<br/>
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| Yorai, rasneskoro, kantómasyak yistá', sikoryak itá';<br/>
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| Paishi Tipāré hakor nitá',<br/>
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| Šaroc, kantókor itán siyam rohpakor tānitá',<br/>
| |
| Pakornene, yuki kantó kaniskoro royuki itá',<br/>
| |
| Kaniskoro cercokor ita', ocerokor yorai ita', šoysak ita';<br/>
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| Nan yistá'.<br/>
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|
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| {{Gloss
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| |phrase = Yorai, rasneskoro, kantómasyak yistá', sikoryak itá';
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| | IPA = jo'ɾaɪ ɾaʃ'neʃkoɾo kan'tomaʃak jiʃ'taʔ ʃɪ'koɾjak ɪ'taʔ;
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| | morphemes = yorai rasne=skoro kantó-mas=yak yistá-' si=kôre=ak itá-'
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| | gloss = DIST.PST thing=DEM.PROX happy-ASSERT=1S INCH-DIR.PRS.COP-LS CONN=speak-1S DIR.PRS.COP-LS
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| | translation =
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| }}
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|
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| {{Gloss
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| |phrase = Paishi Tipāré hakór nitá';
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| | IPA = paɪʃi tɪpa:'ɾɛ ha'koɾ nɪ'taʔ
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| | morphemes = Paishi Tipāré ha-kór n-itá-'
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| | gloss = [PN] come-EVID.HEAR DIR.PST-COP-LS
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| | translation =
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| }}
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|
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| {{Gloss
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| |phrase = Šaroc, šokankór intán siyam rohpakór tānitá';
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| | IPA = 'ʃaɾotʃ ʃokan'koɾ ɪn'tan ʃijam ɾoɦpa'koɾ ta:nɪ'taʔ
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| | morphemes = šaroc, šokam-kór intá-' si=yam rohpa-kór tā-n-itá-'
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| | gloss = earth.HA thank-EVID.HEAR DIR.HP.PRS.COP-LS CONN=accompany form-EVID.HEAR INV.P-HP-PRS.COP-LS
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| | translation =
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| }}
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|
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| {{Gloss
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| |phrase = Pakornene, kaniskoro yuki kantó kaniskoro royuki itá';
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| | IPA = pakoɾ'nene ka'nɪʃkoɾo juki kan'to ka'nɪʃkoɾo ɾo'juki ɪ'taʔ
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| | morphemes = pakor-anene, yuki kantó kani=skoro ro-yuki itá-'
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| | gloss = need-EVID.DUB, arm.HA happy.LA location=DEM.PROX remove-arm DIR.PRS.COP-LS
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| | translation =
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| }}
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|
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| {{Gloss
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| |phrase = Kaniskoro cercokór ita', ocerokór yorai ita', šoysak ita';
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| | IPA = ka'nɪʃkoɾo tʃeɾ'koɾ ɪ'taʔ otʃeɾo'koɾ joɾaɪ ɪ'taʔ ʃoɪsak ɪ'taʔ
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| | morphemes = kani=skoro cerco-kór ita' ocero-kór yorai ita-' si=oysak ita-
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| | gloss = location=DEM.PROX dwell-EVID.HEAR narrate-EVID.HEAR DIST.PST DIR.PRS..COP-LS CONN=rain.fall.down DIR.PRS.COP-LS
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| | translation =
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| }}
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|
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| {{Gloss
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| |phrase = Nan yistá'.
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| | IPA = nan jɪʃ'taʔ
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| | morphemes = Nan yis-itá-'.
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| | gloss = man INCH-DIR.PRS.COP-LS
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| | translation =
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| }}
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|
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|
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| ====Additional Notes====
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|
| |
| # In intransitive clauses, the copula takes the Direct forms only.
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| # In transitive clauses, high animate core arguments are considered Agents by default. Low animate core arguments acting as Agents license the Inverse marker ''ta-''; the Inverse marker cliticizes to the initial verb of the verb complex, and is prefixed to the copula; the low animate argument is thus doubly marked by the Inverse marker.
| |
| # The pronominal animacy hierarchy is: 1st >> 2nd >> 3rd. However, note that plural 3rd person arguments outrank all singular arguments.
| |
| # The present tense, when used as a narrative tense, often refers to past events. Adverbial markers referring to the distal past, such as ''yorai'', may thus appear with a present tense copula.
| |
| # Rather than using cases or adpositions to indicate thematic relations, Nankôre employs [[Nankôre#Directional-Positional_Coverbs|coverbs ]] in verb serialization constructions.
| |
|
| |
| More information about the grammar can be found in the [[Nankôre]] wiki. Readers are directed to the sections dealing with the [[Nankôre#The_Nominal_Hierarchy|animacy hierarchy]] and familiarize themselves with the direct-inverse marking system of the copula, as well as the [[Nankôre#The_Verb_Complex|verb complex]].
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|
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| Abbreviations: <br/><br/>
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| 1S = First Person Singular<br/>
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| ASSERT = Assertive<br/>
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| CONN = Connective<br/>
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| COP = Copula<br/>
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| DEM.PROX = Proximal demonstrative<br/>
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| DIR = Direct Voice<br/>
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| DIST.PST = Distal Past<br/>
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| EVID.DUB = Dubitative evidential<br/>
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| EVID.HEAR = Hearsay evidential<br/>
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| HA = High Animate core argument<br/>
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| HP = High Animate Plural core argument<br/>
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| INCH = Inchoative<br/>
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| INV = Inverse Voice<br/>
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| LA = Low Animate core argument<br/>
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| LP = Low Animate Plural core argument<br/>
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| LS = Low Animate Singular core argument<br/>
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| P = Plural<br/>
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| PN = Proper Noun<br/>
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| PRS = Present tense<br/>
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| PST = Past tense<br/>
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| S = Singular<br/><br/>
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| -->
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| === HELP!!! === | | === HELP!!! === |