User:Anyar

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Fourth_Linguifex_Relay/Minhast


Intro

My conlangs (a better intro to follow, one of these days...no, really, I mean it!)

Late Ma'nijr
Minhast
Minhast/Dialectology
Nahónda
Nankôre
Corrádi
Peshpeg
Golahát

Other people's conlangs:

Celinese
Attian
Tsan
Anathic
Kandi
Kihā́mmic
Dhannuá
Fén Ghír
I_Kronurum
User:Nicolasstraccia/Minhastid
Thulean
Rówok
Chlouvānem
User:Frrurtu

And the list of other conlangs:

Commentary on Some Random Stuff

Tayyamakim tayyapte naħkixripuxnutartimmahabu
tayyamak min tayyap=de naħk-xr-pux-nua-tar-timmah-ab-u
thunder CONN ball=ERG LOC.APPL-ITER-boom-side-3S.ANIM.ABS+3S.ANIM.ERG-IMPF-TRANS
Thunder-balls explode next to it.

nua means "side", and has been incorporated into the verb complex. The implicit head is suharak (deerskin), which was mentioned in a previous line in the passage, which is what the Locative applicative naħk- is referring to. This construction is equivalent to saying "Next to it", "By its side", etc. This is an example of Minthun's Classificatory NI (Class IV) being exploited by Minhast. Here, it is essentially creating the equivalent of a locative noun in other languages, e.g. English "Within the interior of the beast...", which is essentially an Inessive-like case construction.

Verb Template for Vadi

Header text Header text Header text Header text Header text Header text Header text Header text Header text
Active-Transitive -- Asp1 Pt √ Vb Tns Asp2 Class Agt
Active-Intransitive -- Asp1 Pt √ Vb Tns Asp2 Class Agt
Stative-Intransitive Stative Asp1 -- √ Vb Tns Asp2 Class Pt


Active-Transitive Active-Intransitive Stative-Intransitive
-- -- Stative
Asp1 Asp1 Asp1
Pt -- --
√ Vb √ Vb √ Vb
Tns Tns Tns
Asp2 Asp2 Asp2
Class Class Class
Agt Agt Pt

Relay

//*******************************;
//******** Received Text *****;
//*******************************;
1) glad COP 1s, that 1s-NOM speak-can-V
2) (personal name) world.OBJ come-have-V, with gratitude-V/PL* world.OBJ scratch-have-V also
3) mis-believe-V 1s-NOM, that see-worthy COP 3s, but arm-NOM NEG glad-CAUS-V PROX.DEM-near
4) 3s-NOM PROX.DEM place live-have-V, also time.OBJ 3s-NOM speak-V, rain-NOM come-V
5) after-time, 3s-NOM grow-have-V


//*******************************;
//***** Full Nankôre Text *****;
//*******************************;
Yorai, rasneskoro, kantómasyak yistá', sikoryak itá';
Paishi Tipāré hakor nitá',
Šaroc, kantókor itán siyam rohpakor tānitá',
Pakornene, yuki kantó kaniskoro royuki itá',
Kaniskoro cercokor ita', ocerokor yorai ita', šoysak ita';
Nan yistá'.

//***************************************;
//**** Nankôre Literal Translation***;
//***************************************;
//Line #1;
"I am glad that I can say that";
once.upon.a.time this.thing happy-I.assure.you I-become;;
"Yorai rasneskoro kantómasyak tayistá';;
yorai rasne=skoro kantó-mas=yak ta-yistá-';
DIST.PST thing=DEM.PROX happy-ASSERT=1S INCH-COP-LS;
;

Yorai, rasneskoro, kantómasyak yistá', sikoryak itá';
jo'ɾaɪ ɾaʃ'neʃkoɾo kan'tomaʃak jiʃ'taʔ ʃɪ'koɾjak ɪ'taʔ;
yorai rasne=skoro kantó-mas=yak yistá-' si=kôre=ak itá-'
DIST.PST thing=DEM.PROX happy-ASSERT=1S INCH-DIR.PRS.COP-LS CONN=speak-1S DIR.PRS.COP-LS

//Line #2a;
"[PN] came to the world,";
Paishi Tipārē was come, it is said,;
"Paishi Tipārē hakor nitá';
Paishi Tipārē ha-kor n-itá-';
[PN] come-EVID.HEAR DIR.PST-COP-LS;
;

Paishi Tipāré hakór nitá';
paɪʃi tɪpa:'ɾɛ ha'koɾ nɪ'taʔ
Paishi Tipāré ha-kór n-itá-'
[PN] come-EVID.HEAR DIR.PST-COP-LS

//Line #2b;
"[with they-are-happy] he scratched (influenced?) the world, also,";
World.HA [They happy are that.which]=shi he.accompanied form-[hearsay] he.make.them,;
Šaroc, kantókor itán siyam, rohpakór tānitá';
šaroc, kantó-kor itá-n si=yam, rohpa-kór tā-n-itá-';
earth.HA happy-EVID.HEAR COP-LP CONN=accompany form-EVID.HEAR INV.P-HP-COP-LS;
;

Šaroc, šokankór intán siyam rohpakór tānitá';
'ʃaɾotʃ ʃokan'koɾ ɪn'tan ʃijam ɾoɦpa'koɾ ta:nɪ'taʔ
šaroc, šokam-kór intá-' si=yam rohpa-kór tā-n-itá-'
earth.HA thank-EVID.HEAR DIR.HP.PRS.COP-LS CONN=accompany form-EVID.HEAR INV.P-HP-PRS.COP-LS

//Line #3;
"I don't believe, that it is worthy to see, but an/the arm doesn't make (me?) happy here";
you need.to.see I doubt, using.the.arm.removes happiness,;
Pakornene, yuki kantó kaniskoro royuki itá';
pakor-anene, yuki.HA kantó.LA kani=skoro ro-yuki itá-';
need-EVID.DUB, arm.HA happy.LA location=DEM.PROX remove-arm DIR.PRS.COP-LS;
;

Pakornene, kaniskoro yuki kantó kaniskoro royuki itá';
pakoɾ'nene ka'nɪʃkoɾo juki kan'to ka'nɪʃkoɾo ɾo'juki ɪ'taʔ
pakor-anene, yuki kantó kani=skoro ro-yuki itá-'
need-EVID.DUB, arm.HA happy.LA location=DEM.PROX remove-arm DIR.PRS.COP-LS

//Line #4;
"He has lived in this place, and spoke of the time, (when) the rain came";
This place dwell he, he spoke of-the-once-upon-a-time, shi=it-rained;
"Kaniskoro cercokor ita', ocerokór yorai ita', šoysak ita'";
kani=skoro cerco-kór ita' ocero-kór yorai ita-' si=oysak ita-';
location=DEM.PROX dwell-EVID.HEAR narrate-EVID.HEAR DIST.PST COP-LS CONN=rain COP-LS;
;

Kaniskoro cercokór ita', ocerokór yorai ita', šoysak ita';
ka'nɪʃkoɾo tʃeɾ'koɾ ɪ'taʔ otʃeɾo'koɾ joɾaɪ ɪ'taʔ ʃoɪsak ɪ'taʔ
kani=skoro cerco-kór ita' ocero-kór yorai ita-' si=oysak ita-
location=DEM.PROX dwell-EVID.HEAR narrate-EVID.HEAR DIST.PST DIR.PRS..COP-LS CONN=rain.fall.down DIR.PRS.COP-LS

//Line #5;
"After time ("awhile" ?), he had grown";
Man become.;
Nan yistá'.;
nan yis-itá-';
man INCH-COP-LS;
;

Nan yistá'.
nan jɪʃ'taʔ
Nan yis-itá-'.
man INCH-DIR.PRS.COP-LS

Abbreviations:

1S = First Person Singular
ASSERT = Assertive
CONN = Connective
COP = Copula
DEM.PROX = Proximal demonstrative
DIR = Direct Voice
DIST.PST = Distal Past
EVID.DUB = Dubitative evidential
EVID.HEAR = Hearsay evidential
HA = High Animate core argument
HP = High Animate Plural core argument
INCH = Inchoative
INV = Inverse Voice
LA = Low Animate core argument
LP = Low Animate Plural core argument
LS = Low Animate Singular core argument
P = Plural
PRS = Present tense
PST = Past tense
S = Singular

  1. In intransitive clauses, the copula takes the Direct forms only.
  2. In transitive clauses, high animate core arguments are considered Agents by default. Low animate core arguments acting as Agents license the Inverse marker ta-; the Inverse marker cliticizes to the initial verb of the verb complex, and is prefixed to the copula; the low animate argument is thus doubly marked by the Inverse marker.
  3. The pronominal animacy hierarchy is: 1st >> 2nd >> 3rd. However, note that plural 3rd person arguments outrank all singular arguments.
  4. The present tense, when used as a narrative tense, often refers to past events. Adverbial markers referring to the distal past, such as yorai, may thus appear with a present tense copula.
  5. Rather than using cases or adpositions to indicate thematic relations, Nankôre employs coverbs in verb serialization. See Nankôre#Directional-Positional_Coverbs for additional information.

More information about the grammar can be found in the Nankôre wiki. Readers are directed to the sections dealing with the animacy hierarchy and familiarize themselves with the direct-inverse marking system of the copula, as well as the verb complex.

HELP!!!


User talk:Chrysophylax
User_talk:Waahlis

How to gloss: Template:Gloss

Some helpful tools:

http://www.tablesgenerator.com/mediawiki_tables (WYSIWYG - Use to quickly create wiki tables)

http://www.ebruni.it/en/software/os/i_love_wiki/index.mpl
http://bmanolov.free.fr/html2wiki-tables.php


Templates

User:Anyar/Sandbox

Template:Minhast_Vowels_IPA

Template:Minhast_Portmanteau_Pronominal_Affixes1

Template:Minhast_Portmanteau_Pronominal_Affixes2

Template:Nankore_Vowels_IPA

Template: Gloss

Template Page: Go to [[Category:Templates]]

Scratch Pad

Example of linking to a within-page topic

[[Nankôre#Verbs|Verbs]]

Sample Gloss Template

Example: 

{{Gloss
|phrase = hatāʔ
| IPA = /ha.'ta:ʔ/
| morphemes = whatevs
| gloss = INTERROG-evs-NUMB
| translation = Whatever
}}

Basic Clade

{{clade
|1={{clade
   |1={{clade
      |1=Leaf1|state1=dashed
      |2=Leaf2
      }}
   |2=Leaf3
   }}
}}

Clade - Traditional Minhast Dialectal Grouping

Classical Minhast
Upper Minhast

Salmonic

Salmon Speaker



Wolf Speaker




Horse Speaker



Bear Speaker



Fox Speaker



Dog Speaker



Elk Speaker



Seal Speaker




Lower Minhast


Osprey Speaker



Egret Speaker



Gull Speaker



Stone Speaker








Actual Markup: 

{{clade
|label1=''Classical Minhast''
|1={{clade
         |label1=''Upper Minhast''
            |1={{clade   
               |1={{clade
                      |label1=''Salmonic''
                      |1={{clade
                               |1=Salmon Speaker
                               |2=Wolf Speaker
                           }}
                      |2=Horse Speaker
                      |3=Bear Speaker
                      |4=Fox Speaker
                      |5=Dog Speaker 
                      |6=Elk Speaker
                      |7=Seal Speaker
                    }}

      }}<!-- Close node for Upper Minhast-->


   |label2=''Lower Minhast''
   |2={{clade
      |1={{clade
              |1=Osprey Speaker
              |2=Egret Speaker
              |3=Gull Speaker
              |4=Stone Speaker
      }}



   }}<!-- Close node for Lower Minhast-->



   }}<!-- Close node for Classical Minhast-->
}}

Clade - Niccola's Crane Speakers

Minhastic Languages
Regional Historical Dialects
Upper Minhast
Mainland Dialects

Salmon Speakers ("Gaššarat", Northeastern Coast)



Dog Speakers ("Hisašarum", Northeastern Plains)



Horse Speakers ("Gannasia", Central Plateau)




Crane Speaker Dialect (Ryu Kyu) 1



Lower Minhast

Gull Speakers (Senzil and Rēgum Prefectures)



Osprey Speakers (Kings' Bay)



Stone Speakers (Neskud and Yaxparim prefectures)




Crane Speaker Dialect (Ryu Kyu) 2



NCR Modern Dialects

Modern Standard Minhast [variant of Upper Minhast]



Modern Colloquial Minhast ("City Speaker Dialect") [admixture of Upper and Lower Minhast]




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