Middle Semitic

Middle Semitic
ܫܡܥ ܡܪܟܙ
Writing	w:Syriac alphabet
Region:	w:Arab world
Genders:	2
Cases:	0
Alignment	Nominative-Accusative
Proto-language:	w:Proto-Semitic language
Typology:	Fusional
Word-Order	SVO
Languages:	w:Maghrebi Arabic, w:Egyptian Arabic, w:Modern Hebrew w:Neo-Aramaic languages
Population:	290 million
Africa: SEDES • Middle Semitic • Kintu • Guosa Central Asia: Jalpi • Caucas • Zens • Dravindian • Neo-Sanskrit Europe: Intralingua • Folksprak • Interslavic • Balkan • Samboka Far East: Dan'a'yo • IM • MSEAL

Anthropology

Main article: Middle Semitic/Anthropology

Jews, Muslims, and Christians get an equal vote, though most aspects are created logically, and not derivationally. Whenever possible, the many dialects of Arabic are consulted, as well as modern Israeli.

Phonology

Main article: Middle Semitic/Phonology

22 consonant, 5 vowels. The sounds, n IPA, with spirantization listed as allophones: a, b~β, d~ð, e, g~ɣ, h, ħ, i, j, k~x, l, m, n, o, p~ɸ, q, r, s, s', ʃ, t, t', u, w, z, ʔ, ʕ

Orthography

Main article: Middle Semitic/Orthography

There is not an exact middle between all the languages. A compromise position is needed at every turn. Neo-Aramaic is the best "middle ground". (RTL) ʾalap, bet, gamal, dalat, he, wo, zen, ḥe, ṭet, yod, kap, lamad, mim, nun, samkat, ʿe, pe, ṣade, qop, reš, šin, to.

Morphophonology

Main article: Middle Semitic/Morphophonology

Pronouns comes in full and cliticized forms. Verbs conjugate for person, number, gender, mood, voice, and stem. The dual is only used in certain cases. Adjectives inflect for number, state, and gender.

Morphosyntax

Word-order is SVO and without case, this is rather strictly enforced. Pro-drop is common due to verbal inflection.

Lexicography

For a comparative Swadesh list see Middle Semitic/Swadesh

• ܡܠܟܐ}} - malkâ - kind
• ܕܡܐ - damâ - blood
• ܐܝܨܒܥܐ - 'eṣba`â - finger (f) root unclear, not ṣb`, which is "color"
• ܪܐܣܐ - râsâ - head
• ܠܣܢܐ - lisnâ - tongue/language
• ܥܝܢܐ - `enâ - eye/spring
• ܝܕܐ - yidâ - hand
• ܘܙܢܐ - wuznâ - ear
• ܥܜܡܐ - `aṭmâ - bone
• ܢܗܪܐ - nahrâ - river
• ܒܪܩܐ - barqâ - lightning
• ܝܘܡܐ - yomâ - day
• ܠܝܠܐ - lelâ - night
• ܓܡܠܐ - gamlâ - camel
• ܙܝܐܒܐ - ze'bâ - wolf
• ܚܙܝܪܐ - ḥazirâ - pig (root?!)
• ܒܗܥܡܐ - bahemâ - beast
• ܟܠܒܐ - kalbâ - dog
• ܒܩܪܐ - baqra - cattle
• ܢܡܠܐ - namlâ - ant
• ܙܒܘܒܐ - zavuva - fly (noun)
• ܪܐܝ - ra'e - to see
• ܣܡـ - sama` - to hear
• ܐܟܠ - 'axal - to eat
• ܟܬܒ - katab - to write
• ܣܐܠ - sa'al - to ask
• ܩܪܐ - qara' - to read
• ܩܐܡ - qâm - to rise
• ܠܒܣ - lavas - to wear
• ܫܖܪܐ - ša`râ - entrance/opening
• ܖܤܒܐ - `eṣba - angry grief
• ܩܪܢܐ - qarna - horn
• ܙܪܖ - to sow/plant
• ܟܢܔܐ - kanpa - wing
• ܡܜܪܐ - maṭrâ - rain
• ܢܖܡ - na`am - to please
• ܢܘܪܐ - nurâ - fire/light
• ܫܘܡܐ - šumâ - garlic
• ܫܘܪܐ - šorâ - bull
• ܙܪܖܐ - zar`â - arm
• ܙܪܚ - zavaḥ - to slaughter
• ܚܜܐܐ - ḥaṭ'â - sin
• ܣܠܡ - salam - to be at peace/fulfilled
• ܪܐܣܐ - râsâ - head

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