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...torical''': Describes an event that occured in the past and is accepted as historical fact. *'''Terminated present''': Action being terminated/stopped in the present.

...nce of Raina languages on the southern coast of Márusúturon as far east as present-day Karindelmā, currently only surviving there in scattered pockets but le ==Historical spread==

| Present || ''n/a'' | Historical || læð-

===Present=== | Present

!Present !Present

====Historical Real World==== ...ndonesia but not quite as big. There is not particularly a republic in the historical setting, instead loose tribes inhabit the various islands but they trade an

...Little is known about its grammar or possible attestations other than the historical sound changes. It is believed that the Alopian people migrated from [[w:Eur After thousands of years of apparent nomadism, the Alopian people settled in present-day [[w:Quebec|Quebec]], where the common language began to split into diff

...ca'' {{IPA|[ˈlʏŋːala ɕøʏ̯ˈɡiska]}}) is a Romance language spoken in an alt-historical Earth, in the country of Suebia (''Söiga''), in the area of real-world Pom ! !! Present ind. !! Imperf. ind.

...rical */ɔ/, most speakers have merged them to /ɑ/; the diphthongization of historical long */ɔ/ to /ɑə/ is now considered a dying feature. !Present

...oping Yuyši was about applying a mostly CV syllable structure by having an historical equivalent of the Proto-Slavic law of open syllables modify Ivugi words - t ...c, Sinitic, and Mongolic languages, a few Indo-Aryan influences due to the historical spread of Buddhism, and more recently also from Russian.<br/>

The stress rules of High Ceirspeech are quite complicated. Some words with historical merged diphtongs are stressed on irregular syllables and stress can be phon It is very common to use the present realis participle of a verb as a noun to indicate things like profession.

| t͡s<ref>Is an allophone of /t/ before /i/, but is also present sporadically in other environments.</ref> ...>The /u/ phoneme is pronounced closer [ʉ], the long /uː/ is rare, but when present, is always a fully back vowel.</ref>

| Present || ''me baw'' || I build | Present perfect || ''me ha baw'' || I have built

The Latin alphabet of Carnian is close to a phonetic alphabet but with some historical spellings and letters. Glagolitic letters are also given. ...eriphrastically. The conditional and the subjunctive both have two tenses: present and preterite; and the preterite tenses are also periphrastic. The imperati

...s in many cases merged with the feminine, giving many "feminine" nouns for historical neuters, e.g. ''áranna'' 'a question'. =====Present tense=====

...endants of Ivugi, which was spoken circa 1000 AD in the Eurasian steppe in present-day [[w:Siberia|Siberia]]. It has undergone many phonological and grammatic ...ormed from historical /i/ and /ɨ/ before voiceless fricatives and /r/, and historical /ɛ/ before alveolar consonants.

...yn minorities across the northern Inquisition (the Hålvaram plateau) and a historical presence in its northeast, as well as in Qualdomailor (where the Fargulyn U ...rder, but formerly spoken along the Embranas river (NE Inquisition) and in present-day southern New Ézélonía;

|isoexception=historical The alphabet of Loglan has two historical versions. In that of 1975<ref>Brown, James Cooke (1975, 2nd edition). ''Log

There is some historical evidence that Kaikiwan may at one point had tone on nasal consonants, espec Kaikiwan has five tenses: '''simple present''', '''simple past''', '''imperfect''', '''simple future''', '''conditional

...er guessed, and one in which a great deal of morphological irregularity is present ''ab initio.'' ===Historical phonology===

| {{sc|hist}} || historic(al), as in [[historical present]] or [[wiktionary:past historic tense|past historic tense]] | {{sc|pres, prs}} || [[present tense]]

Due to the collapse of historical frontness and rounding distinctions among the reflexes of Old Norse's short ...e the neuter declension instead, notably the comparative, superlative, and present participle.

:: '''E me gavo uno scenco en el burddago mede.''' “He gave me a present for my birthday.” ! present

:: - Meltdown of the tense system of Medieval Greek into four tenses: Present, Past, Past Perfect and Future. ...e tildes do not mean much in pronunciation of the text, they were kept for historical reasons mainly. The version of the text displayed here is from the 17th cen

...een the first and second radicals. If a mutant T (see T-mutation below) is present and has vowels on both sides, the vowel following it receives the stress. If a long vowel is present in the word, it receives the stress. If there are two or more long vowels i

''Vannâri'', cognate with Ín Duári ''uannar'', means "Eastern Sea", a historical reminder that it was early American missionaries that developed the system ! Present

==== Historical sound changes ==== ===== Historical Spirantization and Allophony =====

...e case of ''-ter'' adverbs, the final ''-er'') of the adverb is removed if present. ====Present indicative====

...modifications from the Latin alphabet. ''Uannar'' means "Eastern Sea", a historical reminder that it was early American missionaries that developed the system ...me bound morphemes, accounting for the disparate patterns found across the present noun class system. Animacy is still correlated with noun classes, with ani

...onserve and study terrestrial life. The language itself was developed by a historical figure known only as Orimu, who appears to have been a human involved with ...time of speaking. '''Aoia''' is used when not all members of the group are present.

...while ''ó'' corresponds to Classical Celabrian short ''o'' (which was only present in loanwords). Some dialects distinguish these phonemes, pronouncing ''o'' ===Historical phonology===

...run the length of the land. These mountains are an important cultural and historical agent. ...'' time are present and future times, where the future is identical to the present with the addition of an explicit prefix '''le-''', itself a cliticized form

: ''švęke'' {{IPA|/ɕʋe̤ke/}} "to point at", root ''švę~šveh-'', 1SG present indicative ''švehu'' {{IPA|/ɕʋeɦu/}} ===Vowel /ɔ/ (incl. historical */ʌo̯/)===

...ut never with the depth of knowledge I had acquired from my graduate-level Historical Linguistics classes. ...g any consonant-stem adjectives. But it seems that even nouns derived from present participles (e.g. ''isās'', ''isāntah'' "being") decline as ''o''-stems.

...ove my Somali, both in terms of my ability to use it and understanding its historical development and dialectal variation. *'''Absolutive''': The default citation form of a noun. If a high tone is present, feminine nouns often have it finally, while masculine nouns tend to have i

Morpho-phonological phenomena and historical processes notwithstanding, the general structure of aspect is the following ...me indicates actions not in the past, and in some contexts covers both the present and the future. Aspect and time combine to yield tense.

...this region descends at least partially from groups arrived in much later historical migration waves. ...ocumenting the history of the region date back to around 2800 years before present when over half of the island came to be under the domain of the ancient Rau

| era = era of historical use; speakers will not display | Present Continuous

...ear 1266), the year in which the ''Boats'' campaign takes place as '''“the present.”''' However, it should be noted that the ''Balance'' campaign takes pla ...jects, and instead assimilated to the Aeranid language and culture already present. Due to its natural bounty S'entin became one of if not the richest nation

''See also: [[Carpathian historical development]]'' *The velar fricative /x/ may be present in dialects, but not in the standard. It is not a native Carpathian phoneme

...the ''w-form'' (inherited from the Old Togarmite waw-consecutive) for the present progressive, mirroring [[Time Traveler English|English]] ''-ing'' < PIE *-n *A few verbs derived from historical passive binyanim, analogized so they're weak verbs

==Phonology (Historical)== ...uses the indefinite article ''a'' and the definite article ''the''. Due to historical Italian and Arabic influence, Glommish uses the definite article the same w

...illennia ago with PIE as its official tongue and remained intact until the present times.<ref name="Mithridates" /> The main [[Grammatical tense|tense]]s of Sambahsa are [[Present tense|present]] and

*Tenses: present, past, future, imperative, desiderative ...h no number suffix on the verb, but ''ti-'' plus the plural suffix (in the present ''-h'') means 'we'.

...features as suffixed definite articles and deriving the future tense from present subjunctive. There is also considerable influence from languages such as [[ This does not usually present problems, as:

...kept in use both as a liturgical language and as a lingua franca until the present day, has an enormous and evergrowing amount of literature written in it. To ...m an area along the middle Nīmbaṇḍhāra, more or less on the border between present-day Vādhātāraṣa and Raharjaiṭa. However, the vast majority of litera

...nd of "God's eye point of view" or "omniscient evidentiality" which is not present when used as an adjective. Weddish textbooks call their verb conjugations, ''present'', ''past'', and ''future'', and then list all the ways they aren't. It se

...ect combinations''' (simply ''tenses'' (''avyāṣa'' - pl. ''avyāṣai'')): '''present''' (''kaminænikire avyāṣa''), '''past''' (''dāṃdenire avyāṣa''<re ...with the infinitive often - but not always! - having the same vowel as the present).

The chart below shows the phonemic and [reduced] vowels present in Daùnare. The reduced vowels also occur as part of diphthongs, but are n ...s the gnomic or simple aspect (by convention, the nomenclature is ''gnomic present'' but ''future simple''). A progressive aspect can be expressed through the

...penult]] or the [[w:Ultima_(linguistics)|ultima]], depending on the vowels present, and the secondary stress is always found at least two syllables before the ...|ⲓ}}), are 'weak vowels' and are primarily unstressed if a strong vowel is present. In verb forms, the verb root is always given the primary stress.

| Relative present tense/gnomic aspect || -Ø- || | Present-future/imperfective aspect || -ra= ||

...nstruction project it was hoped that the information available to us about historical Cumbric would be enough to create a valid picture of the language, which wo ...d that ''Cymbraġec'' could not be considered an accurate estimation of the historical language of Cumbric. The evidence we have is simply not sufficient to creat

...ps (all of which occur only because of this process) were deleted, leaving present-day ''druðþ''. A similar process occurs with other Germanic words such a ...n the second person conjugation of verbs (all tenses), in the third person present singular indicative, and in the superlative forms of adjectives.

...explore how language can change and to test certain linguistic hypotheses, historical phonology being my main area of interest. I soon discovered though that it ...t˺kɐ ~ ʹpit̻˺kɐ] ''already''; '''ɾ́ɾɾ''' /at/ [ɐt˺ ~ ɐt̻˺ ~ ɐt ~ ɐt̻] ''it.present''.<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">1</span>.

**Historical L is a uvular consonant in most modern Talman languages. The nasal vowels /ĩ ỹ ũ ẽ ø̃ ə̃ õ ɛ̃ ã ɔ̃/ arose from historical V + /l/ and V + /ŋ/ sequences. In many accents they are also pharyngealize

...up></small> Lengthens preceding vowel, even if an intervening consonant is present. ...re applying these changes to class 1 weak verbs, remove the ''-j-'' of the present stem.

...([ˈlum] "surface" - [lu.ˈmɛ.nɛɪ] "on the surface" ) or the negative active present conjugation, which shifts the stress to the person suffix ([ˈkʰɑ.tʰɑ] ...t tense, instead of having a separate affix for each feature (although the present tense morpheme can also be analysed as zero).

...the only indicator that the obstruent was aspirated. This murmuring is not present with voiceless aspirate obstruents. ...nsonants when /Ce/ has largely disappeared, with only ‹ě› /eː/ to mark its historical and orthographic effects on alveolars. In many dialects a palatal offglide

| ''-ü''<br />present |present

...of science, technology, trade, diplomacy, and the arts, combined with the historical dominance of the [[Greek language|Greek]] and [[Latin language|Latin]] lang ...roponents of the systematic languages that thousands of words were already present in many, or even a majority, of the European languages. Their argument was

! Present The present tense may be optionally inflected for person as follows (though pronouns in

...as valleys of Numidia), but they are still represented in the orthography. Historical gemination is not represented in a few words where such consonants were lik ...ween a witnessed past (analytic, built with the present of "to be" and the present active participle) and a renarrative past (synthetic, continuing the Latin

The present indicative describes an action happening at the present time: Brithenig makes the present participle by replacing the infinitive ending with '''-n''':

...khāni dhāḍa''), and was spoken approximately 4000 to 3500 years before the present. The location where Proto-Lahob speakers probably lived is, for sure, neith # in the southern Ulšan Mountains, in present-day Kŭyŭgwažtov (nowadays not quite accepted as the other two);

...of Earth in the northeastern corner of [[w:Anatolia|Asia Minor]], i.e. the historical region of [[w:Pontus (region)|Pontus]] and neighboring areas across the Pon ===Historical phonology===

...en lost in the standard language (except in a few loanwords), but is still present in some dialects. ===Historical phonology===

This is due to the historical sound changes ''ayV#'' > ''ē'' and ''awV#'' > ''ō''--> ...t stem unless the imperfect stem begins in a consonant cluster that is not present in the perfect stem, in which case the cluster is broken up in accordance w

...acquianted with declining and conjugating languages and less interested in historical interpretation of Cwengâr's grammar could consider the these mutations and *G'hota(d): /ɣɑtad/, /ɣɑtat/, /ɣɑta/- : A present tense verb which is preceded by Adverbs in order to further distinguish it

...i.e., evolved from a constructed protolanguage following the principles of historical linguistics to create a language that looks like the product of normal ling ...phabet and are actually used, although increasingly rarely. They exist for historical reasons, because the first keyboards used by writers of Common had these le

...ǎng Tì''' (PMNg for short; Lac.: ''Indamälti hėnna''), spoken by people of present-day ''Mǎng Tì pọk'', a country on the eastern third of the island of Ta ...influence was '''Ancient Lelīmuyāńi''', the language of ''Lelīmuyāńa'' (a historical distinct region, today in northern and northeastern ''Leitāvaja'' and extr

...ve would do. The omission of the copula, however, is only permitted in the present tense.<br/>The copula is nearly always omitted when the subject is a determ ...hlouvānem tense-aspectual system is formed by three times of action (past, present, and future) and two aspects (imperfective and perfective). It is however o

...indicate that it is plural, but this particle is not used when a number is present. For example, ‘book’ is ''klag'', ‘books’ is ''aklág'', but ‘tw ...or ‘that’ + ‘thing’ meaning ‘that’. However, it is important to note some historical changes to the language to fully understand how the current forms came to b

The syllable structure is (C)V(F) such that C and F may or may not be present, but V will always be, acting as a bare syllabic nucleus. ...morpheme of number (arity) for the singular and only the case morpheme is present.This is referred to as being zero marked.''

! style="" | Present simple ! style="" | Present simple

|Teacher, wood, Turkish, Historical |1-Present

The word “number”, ''ihámunna'' /ʔi.ˈhɑi̯.mu.nːɐ/, is the nominalized present participle form of the verb ''hamur'', “to count”. '''·''' Verbs: first person singular present indicative active.

** If they are, they remain as /ja/ and /jo/ which, due to an earlier historical development (when they were pronounced [ɪa] and [ɪo]) are represented as ...muigal'' or ''*muical''). This is also true for verb conjugations: visita (present tense form of 'visitar') ⟩ ''bît'' (as in the infinitive ''bîtar'' rath

The letter '''x''' represents historical {{IPA|/ɕ/}}, which has shifted to {{IPA|/ç/}} in all dialects except for ...from the Latin perfect), and past perfect. The subjunctive only has three: present, imperfect (from the Latin past perfect subj.), and future (from Latin futu

...ademia, and religion, are derived from Arabic and Sanskrit; as part of the historical Indosphere, Rttirria was long influenced by Indian and Arab traders and bri ! Verb<br>(Present)

Most of the consonants present may appear in a long and short form: po''m''íba 'my apple [acc.]' vs. po'' ...pronoun suffix with the information concerning time. This gave rise to the present situation that the mains tress falls on the time slot and also explains why

...tself has a long history, being first attested about 2400 years before the present in the areas of Central Lusaṃrīte, where the Dundulanyä civilization fi ...ographical origin of the speaker, realizations which are influenced by the historical development of Classical Dundulanyä {{IPA|/ɖ ɖʱ/}} in the modern vernac

Avalonian has four known historical stages: 4) Modern Avalonian (1500 CE to Present).The era of printing and mass literacy. The latest version of Modern Avalon

...c languages|East Germanic]], instead of only proper names that survived in historical accounts, and [[w:Loanword|loanwords]]. About 250,000 people speak Luthic w ...guages. Originating from the lower [[w:Vistula|Vistula]], they migrated to present-day [[w:Ukraine|Ukraine]]. Later, facing pressure from the [[w:Huns|Huns]],

| valign="top" width="250" |Teacher, wood, Turkish, Historical | valign="top" width="138" |'''1-Present'''

..., the Spocian world (northern Védren; more or less Evandorian influence is present depending on the area), the Chlouvānem world (including the Brono-Fathanic ...ion of Calémere, was formed and thrived more than two millennia before the present.

...indicate that it is plural, but this particle is not used when a number is present. For example, ‘book’ is ''[[Contionary: klag#Maltcégj|klag]]'', ‘bo ...or ‘that’ + ‘thing’ meaning ‘that’. However, it is important to note some historical changes to the language to fully understand how the current forms came to b

...Imperial Age|bnia]]}}, this should not be seen in the context of a sliding historical spectrum. Below are listed three somewhat representative samples that prov ...habitual, or repeated situations, rather or not they occured in the past, present, or future. The imperfective aspect is considered the most basic, unmarked

...'m-'', or ''h-nouns''<ref>These are the remnants of a former gender system present in Proto-Lahob, still evident in other Lahob languages; unlike others in th * '''ūttuka''' (mostly historical except for the Northeast): similar to '''ṣari''' but mostly used by serva

...spondence throughout all the Prefectures. The following graphic shows the present-day standardized ''Baybayin'' from which the modern ''Širkattarnaft'' was ...r; however if the past tense affix appears, the verb remains well-formed. Present tense meaning, if intended, is usually recoverable from context or discours