Literature:Schleicher's fable

Schleicher's fable (PIE: avis akvāsas ka) is an artificial text composed in the reconstructed language Proto-Indo-European (PIE), published by the German linguist August Schleicher in 1868 (the year of his death). Schleicher was the first scholar to compose a text in PIE. The fable is entitled "Avis akvāsas ka" ("The Sheep and the Horses"). Various scholars have published revised versions of Schleicher's fable since his original text as the idea of what PIE should look like changed over time. The fable may serve as an illustration of the significant changes that the reconstructed language has gone through during the last 140 years of scholarly efforts.

Translations

Schleicher's fable

English

The Sheep and the Horses

On a hill, a sheep that had no wool saw horses, one of them pulling a heavy wagon, one carrying a big load, and one carrying a man quickly. The sheep said to the horses: "My heart pains me, seeing a man driving horses". The horses said: "Listen, sheep, our hearts pain us when we see this: a man, the master, makes the wool of the sheep into a warm garment for himself. And the sheep has no wool". Having heard this, the sheep fled into the plain.

Proto-Indo-European (PIE)

Schleicher, 1868

Avis akvāsas ka

Avis, jasmin varnā na ā ast, dadarka akvams, tam, vāgham garum vaghantam, tam, bhāram magham, tam, manum āku bharantam. Avis akvabhjams ā vavakat: kard aghnutai mai vidanti manum akvams agantam. Akvāsas ā vavakant: krudhi avai, kard aghnutai vividvant-svas: manus patis varnām avisāms karnauti svabhjam gharmam vastram avibhjams ka varnā na asti. Tat kukruvants avis agram ā bhugat.

Hirt, 1939

Owis ek’wōses-kʷe

Owis, jesmin wьlənā ne ēst, dedork’e ek’wons, tom, woghom gʷьrum weghontm̥, tom, bhorom megam, tom, gh’ьmonm̥ ōk’u bherontm̥. Owis ek’womos ewьwekʷet: k’ērd aghnutai moi widontei gh’ьmonm̥ ek’wons ag’ontm̥. Ek’wōses ewьwekʷont: kl’udhi, owei!, k’ērd aghnutai vidontmos: gh’ьmo, potis, wьlənām owjôm kʷr̥neuti sebhoi ghʷermom westrom; owimos-kʷe wьlənā ne esti. Tod k’ek’ruwos owis ag’rom ebhuget.

Lehmann and Zgusta, 1979

Owis eḱwōskʷe

Gʷərēi owis, kʷesjo wl̥hnā ne ēst, eḱwōns espeḱet, oinom ghe gʷr̥um woǵhom weǵhontm̥, oinomkʷe meǵam bhorom, oinomkʷe ǵhm̥enm̥ ōḱu bherontm̥. Owis nu eḱwobh(j)os (eḱwomos) ewewkʷet: "Ḱēr aghnutoi moi eḱwōns aǵontm̥ nerm̥ widn̥tei". Eḱwōs tu ewewkʷont: "Ḱludhi, owei, ḱēr ghe aghnutoi n̥smei widn̥tbh(j)os (widn̥tmos): nēr, potis, owiōm r̥ wl̥hnām sebhi gʷhermom westrom kʷrn̥euti. Neǵhi owiōm wl̥hnā esti". Tod ḱeḱluwōs owis aǵrom ebhuget.

Adams, 1997

H₂óu̯is h₁ék̂u̯ōs-kʷe

Gʷr̥hₓḗi h₂óu̯is, kʷési̯o u̯lh₂néh₄ ne (h₁é) est, h₁ék̂u̯ons spék̂et, h₁oinom ghe gʷr̥hₓúm u̯óĝhom u̯éĝhontm̥ h₁oinom-kʷe méĝhₐm bhórom, h₁oinom-kʷe ĝhménm̥ hₓṓk̂u bhérontm̥. h₂óu̯is tu h₁ek̂u̯oibh(i̯)os u̯eukʷét: 'k̂ḗr hₐeghnutór moi h₁ék̂u̯ons hₐéĝontm̥ hₐnérm̥ u̯idn̥téi. h₁ék̂u̯ōs tu u̯eukʷónt: 'k̂ludhí, h₂óu̯ei, k̂ḗr ghe hₐeghnutór n̥sméi u̯idn̥tbh(i̯)ós. hₐnḗr, pótis, h₂éu̯i̯om r̥ u̯l̥h₂néhₐm sebhi kʷr̥néuti nu gʷhérmom u̯éstrom néĝhi h₂éu̯i̯om u̯l̥h₂néhₐ h₁ésti.' Tód k̂ek̂luu̯ṓs h₂óu̯is hₐéĝrom bhugét.

Lühr, 2008

h₂ówis h₁ék’wōsk^we

h₂ówis, (H)jésmin h₂wlh₂néh₂ ne éh₁est, dedork'e (h₁)ék'wons, tóm, wóg'ʰom gʷérh₂um wég'ʰontm, tóm, bʰórom még'oh₂m, tóm, dʰg'ʰémonm h₂oHk'ú bʰérontm. h₂ówis (h₁)ék'wobʰos ewewkʷe(t): k'ḗrd h₂gʰnutoj moj widntéj dʰg'ʰmónm (h₁)ék'wons h₂ég'ontm. (h₁)ék'wōs ewewkʷ: k'ludʰí, h₂ówi! k'ḗrd h₂gʰnutoj widntbʰós: dʰg'ʰémō(n), pótis, h₂wlnéh₂m h₂ówjom kʷnewti sébʰoj gʷʰérmom wéstrom; h₂éwibʰoskʷe h₂wlh₂néh₂ né h₁esti. Tód k'ek'luwṓs h₂ówis h₂ég'rom ebʰuge(t).

Kortlandt, 2007 (revised 2010)

ʕʷeuis ʔkeuskʷe

ʕʷeuis i ʕueli nēʔst ʔeḱ:ums uēit:, t:o kʷ'rʕeum uoḱom uḱent:m, t:o mḱ'eʕm porom, t:o tḱmenm ʔoʔḱ:u prent:m. uēuk:t ʕʷeuis ʔiḱ:uos, ʕetḱo ʔme ḱ:ērt ʕnerm uit'ent:i ʔeḱ:ums ʕḱ'ent:m. ueuk:nt: iḱ:ues, ḱ:luti ʕʷue, ʕetḱo nsme ḱ:ērt: uit'ent:i, ʕnēr p:ot:is ʕʷuiom ʕueli sue kʷermom uesti kʷ:rneut:i, ʕʷuei kʷ:e ʕueli neʔsti. t:o ḱ:eḱ:luus ʕʷeuis pleʕnom pēuk't.

After the separation of Anatolian and Tocharian:

ʕʷeuis ioi ʕulʔneʕ nēʔs ʔeḱuns ʔe uēi'd, tom 'gʷrʕeum uoǵom ueǵontm, tom m'ǵeʕm borom, tom dǵmenm ʔoʔḱu berontm. ʔe uēuk ʕʷeuis ʔeḱumus, ʕedǵo ʔmoi ḱēr'd ʕnerm ui'denti ʔeḱuns ʕe'ǵontm. ʔe ueukn'd ʔiḱues, ḱludi ʕʷuei, ʕedǵo nsmi ḱēr'd ui'denti, ʕnēr potis ʕʷuiom ʕulʔneʕm subi gʷermom uesti kʷrneuti, ʕʷuimus kʷe ʕulʔneʕ neʔsti. to'd ḱeḱluus ʕʷeuis pleʕnom bēu'g.

Satəm Indo-European

ʕʷeuiṣ ioi ʕulʔneʕ nēs ʔeḱuns ʔe uēi’d, tom ’gʷrʕum uoǵom ueǵontm, tom me’ǵām borom, tom ǵmenm ʔoʔḱu berontm. ʔe uēuk ʕʷeuiṣ ʔeḱumuṣ, ʕedǵoi ʔmoi ḱēr’d ʕnerm ui’denti ʔeḱuns ʕe’ǵontm. ʔe ueukn’d ʔeḱues, ḱludi ʕʷeuei, ʕedǵoi nsmi ḱēr’d ui’denti, ʕnēr potiṣ ʕʷeuiom ʕulʔnām subi gʷermom uesti kʷrneuti, ʕʷeuimuṣ kʷe ʕulʔneʕ neʔsti. to’d ḱeḱluuṣ ʕʷeuiṣ pleʕnom ʔe bēu’g.

Byrd, 2013

H₂óu̯is h₁éḱu̯ōs-kʷe

h₂áu̯ei̯ h₁i̯osméi̯ h₂u̯l̥h₁náh₂ né h₁ést, só h₁éḱu̯oms derḱt. só gʷr̥hₓúm u̯óǵʰom u̯eǵʰed; só méǵh₂m̥ bʰórom; só dʰǵʰémonm̥ h₂ṓḱu bʰered. h₂óu̯is h₁ékʷoi̯bʰi̯os u̯eu̯ked: "dʰǵʰémonm̥ spéḱi̯oh₂ h₁éḱu̯oms-kʷe h₂áǵeti, ḱḗr moi̯ agʰnutor". h₁éḱu̯ōs tu u̯eu̯kond: "ḱludʰí, h₂ou̯ei̯! tód spéḱi̯omes, n̥sméi̯ agʰnutór ḱḗr: dʰǵʰémō, pótis, sē h₂áu̯i̯es h₂u̯l̥h₁náh₂ gʷʰérmom u̯éstrom u̯ept, h₂áu̯ibʰi̯os né h₁esti". tód ḱeḱluu̯ṓs h₂óu̯is h₂aǵróm bʰuged.

Melchert, 2009 (revised 2014)

H₂ówis (h₁)ék̂wōs-kʷe

h₂áwej h₁josméj h₂wl̥h₁náh₂ né h₁ést, só h₁ék̂woms derk̂t. só gʷr̥hₓúm wóĝhom wéĝhet; só méĝh₂m̥ bhórom; só (dh)gĥémonm̥ h₂ṓk̂u bhéret. h₂ówis h₁ék̂wojbh(j)os wéwk(ʷ)et: (dh)ĝhémonm̥ spék̂joh₂ h₁ék̂woms h₁jós h₂áĝeti, k̂ḗr moj aghnutór. h₁ék̂wōs tu wéwkʷont: k̂ludhí, h₂owei! tód spék̂jomes/n, n̥sméi aghnutór k̂ḗr: (dh)ĝhémō pótis sē h₂áwjōm h₂wl̥h₁nā́h₁ gʷhérmom wéstrom (h₁)wébht, h₂áwibh(j)os tu h₂wl̥h₁náh₂ né h₁ésti. tód k̂ek̂luwṓs h₂ówis h₂aĝróm bhugét.

Atlantic

La Xari i lus Chavolyus

E incop un criu una xari siny noia viḍeil arpol chavolyus, nu e ilus cu aḍ troiri nu cur garvi, nu oltr cu aḍ fiariri nu oniri grandi, i nu oltr cu aḍ fiariri charilomenti nu hom. Dixil la xari âlus chavolyus: «Intra pinyu-m murt, pandu viḍi nu hom cu aḍ duhiri chavolyus.» I dixirunt lus chavolyus: «Oiḍi, xari! Nus intra pinyomu-n murt pandu lûnc viḍimu: nu hom, il partun, charpil la noia dâ xari i an fail nu vistiment chariḍ pro sivi. I dindi la xari ê siny noia.» Lûnc oiḍiṭ, la xari cucuril imbura nila proniṭoṭi.

Harākti

Latin

Hāvi nu ākuē

Hāvi, kuah nē kahti hulanāh, hūet ākun: sen velkaman guerhat vegan, sen megid dāistān, sen endūhsān pitaiman. Hāvi dēket ākām: "Kēr-met mē idāiti, hauēmanin endūhsān hagman ākun." Ākuē dēker: "Stōnlu, hāvi! Kardai-set apan idānti hauēmanei: endūhse, asha, hulanās hāvēn īeti tentsi ghermā lubāran, nu hāvi nē kahti hulanāh." Kā stonsuese ghembet hāvi gimrai.

Cuneiform

𒇻𒄿 𒉡 𒀁𒆪𒂍	UDU-i nu ā-ku-ē
𒇻𒄿 𒆪𒀪 𒌋𒉡 𒅗𒀪𒋾 𒄷𒆷𒈾𒀀𒀪 𒄷𒌋𒀉 𒀁𒆪𒌦	UDU-i ku-ah ŪL ka-ah-ti hu-la-na-a-ah hu-u-et ā-ku-un
𒊺𒂗 𒃾𒂖𒅗𒈠𒀭 𒄖𒅕𒄩𒀖 𒊺𒂗 𒃲𒄉 𒁕𒀀𒅖𒋫𒀀𒀭	se-en ve-el-ka-ma-an gu-er-ha-at se-en GAL-id da-a-is-ta-a-an
𒊺𒂗 𒇽𒌷𒇻𒀀𒀭 𒁉𒋫𒅎𒀭 𒁲𒂊𒆠𒀉 𒀁𒅗𒀀𒄠	se-en LÚ.U₁₉.LU-a-an pi-ta-im-an UDU-i de-e-ke-et ā-ka-a-am
𒊮𒅀 𒈨𒂊 𒄉𒀁𒄿𒋾 𒄩𒌋𒂍𒈠𒉌𒅔 𒇽𒌷𒇻𒀀𒀭	ŠÀ-YA me-e id-ā-i-ti ha-u-ē-ma-ni-in LÚ.U₁₉.LU-a-an
𒄩𒀞𒈠𒀭 𒀁𒆪𒌦 𒀁𒆪𒂍 𒁲𒂊𒆠𒅕 𒅖𒌈𒌑𒄧𒇻 𒇻𒄿	ha-ag-ma-an ā-ku-un ā-ku-ē de-e-ke-er is-to-o-on-lu UDU-i
𒊮𒄭𒀀𒉌 𒀊𒀭 𒄉𒀀𒀭𒋾 𒄩𒌋𒂍𒈠𒉈𒄿 𒇽𒌷𒇻𒂊	ŠÀ-ḪI.A-NI ap-an id-a-an-ti ha-u-ē-ma-ne-i LÚ.U₁₉.LU-e
𒂗𒀀 𒄷𒆷𒈾𒀀𒀸 𒇻𒂊𒂗 𒐊𒂊𒋾 𒋼𒂗𒍣 𒄄𒅕𒈠𒀀	BĒLU-a hu-la-na-a-as UDU-e-en ī-e-ti te-en-tsi ghe-er-ma-a
𒌆𒊏𒀭 𒉡 𒇻𒄿 𒌋𒉡 𒅗𒀪𒋾 𒄷𒆷𒈾𒀀𒀪 𒅗𒀀	TÚG-ra-an nu UDU-i ŪL ka-ah-ti hu-la-na-a-ah ka-a
𒅖𒌈𒄧𒋗𒂊𒊺 𒄄𒁽𒁁𒀉 𒇻𒄿 𒆤𒅎𒊏𒄿	is-to-on-su-e-se ghe-em-be-et UDU-i gi-im-ra-i

Lifashian

So masy aw tí esyúi

Nyé masy, pesy hawláná ne astát, elerset esyúás; nyé nyam arabam karetántám etenget, nyé nyim tangtom duwsátam eberet, nyé lengom nyim báturom eberet. So masy tós esyúwi amulút: «Mintat syardém duwsa résy mewi puréti, pimbe báturom, esyúám lúkétom, wilémi.» Tí esyúi tási masyí amulút: «Hú, a masy! Mintá syardéa duwsa résy ósmi puréti, pimbe histom wilémas: nyé bátur, so kirius, et tosy masyé hawlánam eynemeti. Dán méat hawlánehi ha tosy masyé esti.» Histom ahút, so masy gacewam ham at peliné etinemat.

Socovíc

Sovēc v porosele

Sova vētla bo foječon qobáj jerí porosi; okdomov foježórer čobid merčab, okrobov fojeshab rób homol, v šolefov fojeshab ęso išǫ. Sovēc jamári porosili: «Lébov li márér, rájoto ęso mosožéro porosi.» Porosele jamáre: «Stosmeqi, sova, lébov lone márér, rájili ve: ęs, baqlov, qošē noposlu qobájvobi sovēto ham molbes. Vén sovētla bo jef qobáj.» Somoqa ve, sovēc jebráhi en mesvójovo.

Yassi

Wok au sǝl

Wok kǝ yiṇ ow na wrase, sal ksase. Əs ās man wazan wyan, ǝs ās maz kāṇ twan, ǝs ās man kim twan. Wok mnase: "Mǝnǝy sǝl mǝx̌k kte kǝ ksam kǝ kim sǝl pse". Sal mnasel: "Kǝr, yo wok! Mǝlk sǝl mǝx̌k kte tar ksǝsamǝl kǝ kim ow nme aw qati yǝl pew rām ce. Au wokal ow maš na wrase." Wok yǝ krab wṇal wamnase.

Backstory

When Yassi was discovered by Western linguists, they first thought it was an Iranian, at least Indo-Iranian, language and therefore translated the Schleicher's fable into Yassi for comparison purposes. Though it was then discovered that Yassi rather belongs to the Uralic family, a significant part of its vocabulary remains Iranian: Words like ās (horse), maz (big), wazan (wagon, cart) and wok (sheep) are loanwords from (Eastern?) Proto or Old Iranian.

Avendonian

En uno ogo, uno scapo ce ne abia nila vula saio peredi, uno tianti uno vagno svaro, uno draganti una lasto grota, e uno draganti uno menisco snelie. El scapo segui a li peredi: "El erte mede me smerta, seianti uno menisco drivanti peredi." Li peredi seguin: "lose, scapo, li erte nosde nos smertan cando vi seiamos eco: uno menisco, el ero, mace la vula d'el scapo en una cleditio varma per se. E'l scapo ne abe nila vula." Posde orenti eco, el scapo flovo en la evanita.

Soc'ul'

Nivlaux Neinei

Mum'ay eý, añ'uc'iý neinei nivlaux āhñ'in' nivla xen'e, āhñ'ihtsireu jál a r'úh m'eian, āhucuzax jál ád hum xeuiad, āhñ'ihcuzax hez'i r'úl jál a cé. Añ'xauc nivlaux neinei: "Sectabl'a ehc', āhsehuc' cé āhhanr'úí neinei." Añ'xauc neinei: "Cozuei, cuoj nivlaux, sectabl'a ehc' xil eý āhsecuc': atx cé, riýan, al tsed' coil je nivla nivlaux xenuz. Āhñ'in' nivla xen'e nivlaux." Miu añ'uei, añ'jeiñño nivlaux mim'uj je.

Nivlaux

wooly animal

Neinei

horse.PL

Mum'ay

hill

eý,

at

añ'-uc'-(i)ý

CL4>CL4-see-PASS

neinei

horse.PL

nivlaux

wooly animal

āh-ñ'in'

REL-COP.CL4>CL4

nivla

wool

xen'e,

without

āh-ñ'ih-tsireu

REL-CL4>CL2-pull

jál

one

a

ACC.CL2

r'úh

wagon

m'eian,

heavy

āh-u-cuzax

REL-CL4>CL5-carry

jál

one

ád

ACC.CL5

hum

load

xeuiad,

big

āh-ñ'ih-cuzax

REL-CL4>CL2-carry

hez'i

ADVZ

r'úl

quickly

jál

one

a

ACC.CL2

cé.

man

Añ'-xauc

CL4>CL4-say

nivlaux

wooly animal

neinei:

horse.PL

"Sec-tabl'a

1>1-hurt.PASS

ehc',

heart

āh-seh-uc'

REL-1>CL2-see

cé

man

āh-han-r'úí

REL-CL2>CL4-drive

neinei."

horse.PL

Añ'-xauc

CL4>CL4-say

neinei:

horse.PL

"Coz-uei,

2>2-hear

cuoj

VOC

nivlaux,

wooly animal

sec-tabl'a

1>1-hurt.PASS

ehc'

heart

xil eý

when

āh-sec-uc':

REL-1>1-see

atx

make

cé,

man

riýan,

master

al

ACC.CL3

tsed'

clothes

coil

REFL

je

for

nivla

wool

nivlaux

wooly animal

xenuz.

from

Āh-ñ'in'

REL-COP.CL4>CL4

nivla

wool

xen'e

without

nivlaux."

wooly animal

Miu

PROG

añ'-uei,

CL4>CL4-hear,

añ'-jeiñño

CL4>CL4-flee

nivlaux

wooly animal

mim'uj

plain

je.

to

Guimin

Вэллсәр гьу Икӏвәм

Тӏуъмбыънэ, вэллсәр бурд нибәртӏды икӏвәм диркӏнинтӏ, эв тӏэ̄сә̄м вәрдон гыро̄ иъмәнцӏрэ̄игъ, эв тӏэ̄сә̄м бирн мигъ бырәнцӏ, гьу эв тӏэ̄сә̄м вӣър бырәнцӏ тӏукӏэ̄. Вэллсәр икӏвәмәс якӏатӏ: кӏо «Кӏэ̄р митиъ ыъттӏ кортӏ, вӣър вит икӏвәм ӣнтӏды.» Икӏвәм якӏатӏ: кӏу «О̄с дуътӏуъ, вэллсәр, кӏэ̄рм ы̄витиъ ыъсинтӏ кортӏ чӏӯниъ ы̄в сә диркӏинтӏды: Вӣърәс, сәрвәрәс, кӏәндж тӏипӏ сӣ бурдӯъ вэллръис упӏтӏ. Гьу вэллсәр бурд нибәртӏ.» О̄с сә дуънәнцӏды, вэллсәр ареиндэ сәнтӏытӏгьэ.

Wełłsär hu Ik'wäm

T'uˤmbyˤne, wełłsär burd nibärt'dy ik'wäm dirk'nint', ew t'ēsǟm wärdon gyrō iˤmänc'rēiğ, ew t'ēsǟm birn miğ byränc', hu ew t'ēsǟm wīˤr byränc' t'uk'ē. Wełłsär ik'wämäs jak'at': k'o "K'ēr mitiˤ yˤtt' kort', wīˤr wit ik'wäm īnt'dy." Ik'wäm jak'at': k'u "Ōs duˤt'uˤ, wełłsär, k'ērm ȳwitiˤ yˤsint' kort' č'ūniˤ ȳw sä dirk'int'dy: Wīˤräs, särwäräs, k'änǯ t'ip' sī burdūˤ wełłrhis up't'. Hu wełłsär burd nibärt'." Ōs sä duˤnänc'dy, wełłsär arjeinde sänt'yt'he.

وېڝّسار هو يࢰوام

طوعمبێعنې, وېڝّسار بورد نيبارطدێ يࢰوام ديرࢰنينط, ېو طېسام واردۈن گێرۈ يعمانضرېيغ, ېو طېسام بيرن ميغ بێرانض, هو ېو طېسام ويعر بێرانض طوࢰې. وېڝّسار يࢰواماس جآࢰآط: ࢰۈ "ࢰېر ميتيع ێعطّ كۈرط, ويعر ويت يࢰوام ينطدێ." يࢰوام جآࢰآط: ࢰو "ۈس دوعطوع, وېڝّسار, ࢰېرم ێويتيع ێعسينط كۈرط ڃونيع ێو سا ديرࢰينطدێ: ويعراس, سارواراس, ࢰانج طيڣ سي بوردوع وېڝّريس وڣط. هو وېڝّسار بورد نيبارط." ۈس سا دوعنانضدێ, وېڝّسار آريېيندې سانطێطهې.

ვეჹჹსა̈რ ჰუ იკვა̈მ

ტუჾმბი̈ჾნე, ვეჹჹსა̈რ ბურდ ნიბა̈რტდი̈ იკვა̈მ დირკნინტ, ევ ტე̄სა̈̄მ ვა̈რდონ გი̈რო̄ იჾნა̈ნწრე̄იღ, ევ ტე̄სა̈̄მ ბირნ მიღ ბი̈რა̈ნწ, ჰუ ევ ტე̄სა̈̄მ ვი̄ჾრ ბი̈რა̈ნწ ტუკე̄. ვეჹჹსა̈რ იკვა̈მა̈ს ჲაკატ: კო "კე̄რ მითიჾ ი̈ჾტტ ქორტ, ვი̄ჾრ ვით იკვა̈მ ი̄ნტდი̈." იკვა̈მ ჲაკატ: კუ "ო̄ს დუჾტუჾ, ვეჹჹსა̈რ, კე̄რმ ი̈̄ვითიჾ ი̈ჾსინტ ქორტ ჭუ̄ნიჾ ი̈̄ვ სა̈ დირკინტდი̈: ვი̄ჾრა̈ს, სა̈რვა̈რა̈ს, კა̈ნჯ ტიპ სი̄ ბურდუ̄ჾ ვეჹჹჿის უპტ. ჰუ ვეჹჹსა̈რ ბურდ ნიბა̈რტ." ო̄ს სა̈ დუჾნა̈ნწდი̈, ვეჹჹსა̈რ არჲეინდე სა̈ნტი̈ტჰე.

Тӏуъмб-ыънэ,

hill-SPR

вэлл-сәр

sheep-SG.ERG

бурд

wool

ни-бәртӏ-ды

NEG-have.IPFV.PST.F.SG-ATTR

икӏв-әм

horse-PL.ABS

диркӏнинтӏ,

see.PFV.PST.M.SG

эв

one

тӏэ̄сә̄м

3PL.M.GEN2

вәрдон

wagon

гыро̄

heavy

иъмәнцӏ-рэ̄игъ,

take.IPFV.PST.PTCP-PRETRANS

эв

one

тӏэ̄сә̄м

3PL.M.GEN2

бирн

load

мигъ

big

бырәнцӏ,

carry.IPFV.PST.PTCP

гьу

and

эв

one

тӏэ̄сә̄м

3PL.M.GEN2

вӣър

man

бырәнцӏ

carry.IPFV.PST.PTCP

тӏукӏ-э̄.

quick-ADV

Вэлл-сәр

sheep-SG.ABS

икӏв-әмәс

horse-PL.DAT

якӏатӏ:

say.PFV.PST.F.SG

кӏо

REP.F

«Кӏэ̄р

heart.ABS

митиъ

1SG.GEN1

ыъттӏ

be.IPFV.NPST.N.SG

кортӏ,

painful

вӣър

man

вит

CAUS.M

икӏв-әм

horse-PL.ABS

ӣнтӏ-ды.»

go.IPFV.NPST.M.PL-ATTR

Икӏв-әм

horse-PL.ABS

якӏатӏ:

say.PFV.PST.F.SG

кӏу

REP.M

«О̄с

ear.ABS

дуътӏуъ,

give.PFV.IMP.N.SG

вэлл-сәр,

sheep-SG.ABS

кӏэ̄р-м

heart.ABS-PL.ABS

ы̄витиъ

1EXCL.GEN1

ыъсинтӏ

be.IPFV.NPST.N.PL

кортӏ

painful

чӏӯниъ

when

ы̄в

1EXCL.ABS

сә

DEM

диркӏинтӏ-ды:

see.PFV.PRES.M.PL-ATTR

Вӣър-әс,

man-SG.ERG

сәрвәр-әс,

master-SG.ERG

кӏәндж

clothing

тӏипӏ

warm

сӣ

REFL.DAT

бурд-ӯъ

wool-SG.INSTR

вэлл-ръис

sheep-SG.GEN2

упӏтӏ.

make.PFV.PRES.M.SG

Гьу

and

вэлл-сәр

sheep-SG.ERG

бурд

wool

ни-бәртӏ.»

NEG-have.IPFV.PST.F.SG

О̄с

ear.ABS

сә

DEM

дуънәнцӏ-ды,

give.PFV.PST.PTCP-ATTR

вэлл-сәр

sheep-SG.ABS

аре-индэ

plain-ILL

сәнтӏытӏ-гьэ.

go.PFV.PST.F.SG-VALINC

Luthic

La pecora e gl’aeqqi

Aena pecora ei, stavat inu volla, saecaut somos aeqqos: aeno eisôro tiravat aeno pesante carro, aeno anþero baeravat aeno mêchelo carico ed aeno anþero transportavat aeno manno snele. La pecora roðit all’aeqqos: “Mic pianget atha haertene saecandu ce il mannu trattat l’aeqqos”. Gl’aeqqi roðirondo: “Ascoltâ, pecora: faur unse ist penosu saecare ei, il mannu, l’unsar signiore, sic taugit aena veste la volla pecore, mentre le pecore ristondo inu volla”. Dopo ascoltauða þatha, la pecora agro fliugat.