Literature:Complaint tablet to Ea-nāṣir
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The Complaint tablet to Ea-nāṣir (UET V 81) is a clay tablet written in Akkadian cuneiform that was sent to Ur circa 1750 BCE. It is the oldest known written complaint, written to a merchant named Ea-nāṣir from a customer named Nanni.
Translations
Akkadian[1]
Obverse
1. a-na e2-a-na-s,i-ir
2. qi2-bi2-ma
3. um-ma na-an-ni-ma
4. a-nu-u2-ma ta-al-li-ku
5. ki-a-am ta-aq#-bi#-am#
6. um-ma at-ta-a-ma
7. gu-ba-ri da-am-qu2-tim
8. a-na gi-mil-{d}suen a-na-ad#-di-in
9. ta-al-li-ik-ma ta#-aq-bi-a-am
10. u2-la te-pu#-usz
11. gu-ba-ri la da-am#-qu2-tim
12. a-na ma-ar szi-ip-ri-ia
13. ta-asz-ku-un#-ma um-ma at-ta-ma
14. szum-ma te-le-qe2-a le-qe2-a
15. szum-ma [la] te#-le-qe2-a at-la-ka
16. ia-ti a-na ki-ma ma-an-ni-im
17. tu-szi-im-ma ni-x-(x)-x-x-ma
18. ki-a-am te-me-sza#-an#-ni
19. ma-ri a-wi-li a-na ki-ma ka-ti
20. a-na ki-si-ia ma-ha-ri-im
21. asz-pu-ra-am-ma
22. tu-me-i-sza-am-ma
23. i-na qa2-qa2-ar na-ak-ri-im
Reverse
1. isz-ti-isz-szu u3 szi-ni-szu
2. ri-qu2-su-nu tu-te-er-ra-am
3. i-na a-li-ik te-el-mu-un
4. ma-an-nu-um sza ki-a-am
5. i-pu-sza-an-ni-i-ma
6. at-ta ma-ar szi-ip-ri-ia tu-me-e-isz
7. a-na ma-<la> ka-as-pi-im
8. sza i-na qa2-ti-ia tu-sze-s,u2-u2
9. ki-a-am ta-da-bu-ub
10. u3 asz-szum-i-ka
11. a-na _e2-gal_-li
12. _1(u) 8(disz) gu2 uruda_ a-na-ku ad-di-in
13. u3 szu-mi-a-bu-um
14. _1(u) 8(disz) gu2 uruda_ i-di-in
15. e-zi-ib sza a-na _e2_ {d}utu
16. ku-nu-uk-ka-am ni-zi-bu
17. a-na wa-ri-im sza-a-ti
18. ki-i te-pu-sza-an-ni
19. ki-si i-na qa2-qa2-ar na-ak-ri
20. tu-uk-ti-il
21. ki-si a-na qa2-ti-ia
22. szu-lu-ma-am e-li-ka i-szu
23. ki-ma an-ni-ki-a-am
24. we-ri-a-am la du-mu-qa2-am
25. la a-ma-ha-ru-ka ta-la-ma-ad
26. i#-na# ki-sa-li-ia
50. isz-ti-na-a u2-na-sa3-aq-ma
51. e#-le-qe2
Left
1. u3 a-na sza tu-me-i-sza-an-ni
2. na-si-ih-ta-am e-pu-usz-ka
English[2]
Tell Ea-nasir: Nanni sends the following message:
When you came, you said to me as follows: "I will give Gimil-Sin (when he comes) fine quality copper ingots." You left then but you did not do what you promised me. You put ingots which were not good before my messenger (Sit-Sin) and said: "If you want to take them, take them; if you do not want to take them, go away!"
What do you take me for, that you treat somebody like me with such contempt? I have sent as messengers gentlemen like ourselves to collect the bag with my money (deposited with you) but you have treated me with contempt by sending them back to me empty-handed several times, and that through enemy territory. Is there anyone among the merchants who trade with Telmun who has treated me in this way? You alone treat my messenger with contempt! On account of that one (trifling) mina of silver which I owe you, you feel free to speak in such a way, while I have given to the palace on your behalf 1,080 pounds of copper, and Umi-abum has likewise given 1,080 pounds of copper, apart from what we both have had written on a sealed tablet to be kept in the temple of Samas.
How have you treated me for that copper? You have withheld my money bag from me in enemy territory; it is now up to you to restore (my money) to me in full.
Take cognizance that (from now on) I will not accept here any copper from you that is not of fine quality. I shall (from now on) select and take the ingots individually in my own yard, and I shall exercise against you my right of rejection because you have treated me with contempt.
Soc'ul'
Cohxauc Ea-nasir: hanr'úzax Nanni jál sutxiux:
Xil eý āhcozr'úz, corxauc jál: "Uc' sehxec Gimil-Sin (xil eý āhr'úz) eylziax xedbet c'an." Cozñéi xil eý í corseñerai. Coxmiuji eylziax āl sutxih en eý xen āhiycualjí (Sit-Sin) cuxauc: "Ih coxxeý coxey, āhcoxey; ih xen coxxeý coxey, āhcozñéi!"
Xen corteirí, āhcují hez'i curiuc' curiuc' xad āhcoren? Sehr'úzax ratspfer' āhxeyjí coil sutxié je āhhandi yail cüa en ne (socnejíl) í corjí hez'i curiuc' āhñéiejax cuder hun' xen' syen je, āhziñuz jen'ire. Xen hazen jux xauauñ'an ne āhxec' Telmun āhharjí hez'i jál? Cozen jál jál āhcorjí hez'i curiuc' sutxih! Un' mina tatniv (réum) āhcorñuyt'eují,
Coh-xauc
2>CL2-tell
Ea-nasir:
Ea-nasir
han-r'úz-ax
CL2>CL4-come-CAUS
Nanni
Nanni
jál
DEM
sutxiux:
message
Xil
short time
eý
at
āh-coz-r'úz,
REL-2>2-come
cor-xauc
2>1-say
jál:
DEM
"Uc'
SUBJ
sehxec
1>CL2-give
Gimil-Sin
Gimil-Sin
(xil
short time
eý
at
āhr'úz)
REL-come
eylziax
ingot.PL
xedbet
copper
c'an."
high-quality
{{interlinear
|Coz-ñéi xil eý í cor-señerai.
|2>2-leave {short time} at but 2>1-{break promise}
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}}
Cox-miuji
2>CL3-put
eylziax
ingot.PL
āl
face
sutxih
messenger
en
1.POSS
eý
at
xen
NEG
āh-iy-cual-jí
REL-CL3>CL3-good-ADJ.VBZ
({Sit-Sin})
Sit-Sin
cu-xauc:
2>CL5-say
"Ih
if
cox-xeý
2>CL3-want
cox-ey,
2>CL3-take
āh-cox-ey;
REL-2>CL3-take
ih
if
xen
NEG
cox-xeý
2>CL3-want
cox-ey,
2>CL3-take
āh-coz-ñéi!"
REL-2>2-leave
Xen
Q
cor-teirí,
2>1-deem
āh-cu-jí
REL-2>CL5-do
hez'i
ADVZ
curiuc'
contempt
curiuc'
REDUP
xad
PFRM
āh-coren?
REL-COP.2>1
{{interlinear
|Seh-r'úz-ax ratspfer' āh-xey-jí coil sutxié je āh-han-di yail cüa en ne (soc-nejíl) í cor-jí hez'i curiuc' āh-ñéiej-ax cuder hun' xen' syen je, āh-ziñuz jen'ire.
|1>CL2-come-CAUS gentleman REL-{in common}-ADJ.VBZ REFL messenger.PL for REL-CL2>CL3-collect bag money with 1.POSS 1>2-{entrust with} but 2>1-do ADVZ contempt REL-return-CAUS many COP.CL2>CL5 nothing COP.1>1 to REL-{go through} {enemy territory}
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}}
Xen
Q
hazen
COP.CL2>CL2
jux
any
xauauñ'an
merchant.PL
ne
among
āh-xec'
REL-trade
Telmun
Telmun
āh-har-jí
REL-CL2>1-do
hez'i
ADVZ
jál?
DEM
Cozen
COP.2>2
jál
one
jál
REDUP
āh-cor-jí
REL-2>1-do
hez'i
ADVZ
curiuc'
contempt
sutxih!
messenger
Template:Interlinear: no lines supplied.;
Template:Interlinear: no lines supplied.;
you feel free to speak in such a way, while I have given to the palace on your behalf 1,080 pounds of copper, and Umi-abum has likewise given 1,080 pounds of copper, apart from what we both have had written on a sealed tablet to be kept in the temple of Samas.
How have you treated me for that copper? You have withheld my money bag from me in enemy territory;
it is now up to you to restore (my money) to me in full.
Take cognizance that (from now on) I will not accept here any copper from you that is not of fine quality. I shall (from now on) select and take the ingots individually in my own yard, and I shall exercise against you my right of rejection because you have treated me with contempt.
- ^ "UET 5, 0081 Artifact Entry." (2010) 2023. Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (CDLI). February 1, 2023. https://cdli.ucla.edu/P414985.
- ^ Oppenheim, Adolf. Letters from Mesopotamia: Official Business, and Private Letters on Clay Tablets from Two Millennia. United Kingdom: University of Chicago Press, 1967.