Literature:Schleicher's fable: Difference between revisions
(Created page with "'''Schleicher's fable''' (w:PIE: ''avis akvāsas ka'') is an artificial text composed in the reconstructed language Proto-Indo-European...") |
(→Guimin) |
||
| (48 intermediate revisions by 7 users not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Library translation sidebar}} | |||
{{ombox | |||
|type=book | |||
|text= | |||
'''Schleicher's fable''' ([[w:PIE|PIE]]: ''avis akvāsas ka'') is an artificial text composed in the reconstructed language [[w:Proto-Indo-European language|Proto-Indo-European]] (PIE), published by the [[w:German|German]] linguist [[w:August Schleicher|August Schleicher]] in 1868 (the year of his death). Schleicher was the first scholar to compose a text in PIE. The fable is entitled "Avis akvāsas ka" ("The Sheep and the Horses"). | '''Schleicher's fable''' ([[w:PIE|PIE]]: ''avis akvāsas ka'') is an artificial text composed in the reconstructed language [[w:Proto-Indo-European language|Proto-Indo-European]] (PIE), published by the [[w:German|German]] linguist [[w:August Schleicher|August Schleicher]] in 1868 (the year of his death). Schleicher was the first scholar to compose a text in PIE. The fable is entitled "Avis akvāsas ka" ("The Sheep and the Horses"). | ||
Various scholars have published revised versions of Schleicher's fable since his original text as the idea of what PIE should look like changed over time. The fable may serve as an illustration of the significant changes that the reconstructed language has gone through during the last 140 years of scholarly efforts. | Various scholars have published revised versions of Schleicher's fable since his original text as the idea of what PIE should look like changed over time. The fable may serve as an illustration of the significant changes that the reconstructed language has gone through during the last 140 years of scholarly efforts. | ||
}} | |||
{{List translations}} | |||
{{Text translation widget}} | |||
==English== | ==English== | ||
| Line 8: | Line 16: | ||
On a hill, a sheep that had no wool saw horses, one of them pulling a heavy wagon, one carrying a big load, and one carrying a man quickly. The sheep said to the horses: "My heart pains me, seeing a man driving horses". The horses said: "Listen, sheep, our hearts pain us when we see this: a man, the master, makes the wool of the sheep into a warm garment for himself. And the sheep has no wool". Having heard this, the sheep fled into the plain. | On a hill, a sheep that had no wool saw horses, one of them pulling a heavy wagon, one carrying a big load, and one carrying a man quickly. The sheep said to the horses: "My heart pains me, seeing a man driving horses". The horses said: "Listen, sheep, our hearts pain us when we see this: a man, the master, makes the wool of the sheep into a warm garment for himself. And the sheep has no wool". Having heard this, the sheep fled into the plain. | ||
==PIE | ==Proto-Indo-European (PIE)== | ||
===Schleicher, 1868=== | |||
<big>Avis akvāsas ka</big> | <big>Avis akvāsas ka</big> | ||
Avis, jasmin varnā na ā ast, dadarka akvams, tam, vāgham garum vaghantam, tam, bhāram magham, tam, manum āku bharantam. Avis akvabhjams ā vavakat: kard aghnutai mai vidanti manum akvams agantam. Akvāsas ā vavakant: krudhi avai, kard aghnutai vividvant-svas: manus patis varnām avisāms karnauti svabhjam gharmam vastram avibhjams ka varnā na asti. Tat kukruvants avis agram ā bhugat. | :Avis, jasmin varnā na ā ast, dadarka akvams, tam, vāgham garum vaghantam, tam, bhāram magham, tam, manum āku bharantam. Avis akvabhjams ā vavakat: kard aghnutai mai vidanti manum akvams agantam. Akvāsas ā vavakant: krudhi avai, kard aghnutai vividvant-svas: manus patis varnām avisāms karnauti svabhjam gharmam vastram avibhjams ka varnā na asti. Tat kukruvants avis agram ā bhugat. | ||
== | ===Hirt, 1939=== | ||
<big>Owis ek’wōses-kʷe</big> | <big>Owis ek’wōses-kʷe</big> | ||
Owis, jesmin wьlənā ne ēst, dedork’e ek’wons, tom, woghom gʷьrum weghontm̥, tom, bhorom megam, tom, gh’ьmonm̥ ōk’u bherontm̥. Owis ek’womos ewьwekʷet: k’ērd aghnutai moi widontei gh’ьmonm̥ ek’wons ag’ontm̥. Ek’wōses ewьwekʷont: kl’udhi, owei!, k’ērd aghnutai vidontmos: gh’ьmo, potis, wьlənām owjôm kʷr̥neuti sebhoi ghʷermom westrom; owimos-kʷe wьlənā ne esti. Tod k’ek’ruwos owis ag’rom ebhuget. | :Owis, jesmin wьlənā ne ēst, dedork’e ek’wons, tom, woghom gʷьrum weghontm̥, tom, bhorom megam, tom, gh’ьmonm̥ ōk’u bherontm̥. Owis ek’womos ewьwekʷet: k’ērd aghnutai moi widontei gh’ьmonm̥ ek’wons ag’ontm̥. Ek’wōses ewьwekʷont: kl’udhi, owei!, k’ērd aghnutai vidontmos: gh’ьmo, potis, wьlənām owjôm kʷr̥neuti sebhoi ghʷermom westrom; owimos-kʷe wьlənā ne esti. Tod k’ek’ruwos owis ag’rom ebhuget. | ||
===Lehmann and Zgusta, 1979=== | |||
<big>Owis eḱwōskʷe</big> | |||
:Gʷərēi owis, kʷesjo wl̥hnā ne ēst, eḱwōns espeḱet, oinom ghe gʷr̥um woǵhom weǵhontm̥, oinomkʷe meǵam bhorom, oinomkʷe ǵhm̥enm̥ ōḱu bherontm̥. Owis nu eḱwobh(j)os (eḱwomos) ewewkʷet: "Ḱēr aghnutoi moi eḱwōns aǵontm̥ nerm̥ widn̥tei". Eḱwōs tu ewewkʷont: "Ḱludhi, owei, ḱēr ghe aghnutoi n̥smei widn̥tbh(j)os (widn̥tmos): nēr, potis, owiōm r̥ wl̥hnām sebhi gʷhermom westrom kʷrn̥euti. Neǵhi owiōm wl̥hnā esti". Tod ḱeḱluwōs owis aǵrom ebhuget. | |||
===Adams, 1997=== | |||
<big>H<sub>2</sub>óu̯is h<sub>1</sub>ék̂u̯ōs-kʷe</big> | |||
:Gʷr̥hₓḗi h₂óu̯is, kʷési̯o u̯lh₂néh₄ ne (h₁é) est, h₁ék̂u̯ons spék̂et, h₁oinom ghe gʷr̥hₓúm u̯óĝhom u̯éĝhontm̥ h₁oinom-kʷe méĝhₐm bhórom, h₁oinom-kʷe ĝhménm̥ hₓṓk̂u bhérontm̥. h₂óu̯is tu h₁ek̂u̯oibh(i̯)os u̯eukʷét: 'k̂ḗr hₐeghnutór moi h₁ék̂u̯ons hₐéĝontm̥ hₐnérm̥ u̯idn̥téi. h₁ék̂u̯ōs tu u̯eukʷónt: 'k̂ludhí, h₂óu̯ei, k̂ḗr ghe hₐeghnutór n̥sméi u̯idn̥tbh(i̯)ós. hₐnḗr, pótis, h₂éu̯i̯om r̥ u̯l̥h₂néhₐm sebhi kʷr̥néuti nu gʷhérmom u̯éstrom néĝhi h₂éu̯i̯om u̯l̥h₂néhₐ h₁ésti.' Tód k̂ek̂luu̯ṓs h₂óu̯is hₐéĝrom bhugét. | |||
== | ===Lühr, 2008=== | ||
<big>h<sub>2</sub>ówis h<sub>1</sub>ék’wōsk<sup>w</sup>e</big> | <big>h<sub>2</sub>ówis h<sub>1</sub>ék’wōsk<sup>w</sup>e</big> | ||
:h₂ówis, (H)jésmin h₂wlh₂néh₂ ne éh₁est, dedork'e (h₁)ék'wons, tóm, wóg'ʰom gʷérh₂um wég'ʰontm, tóm, bʰórom még'oh₂m, tóm, dʰg'ʰémonm h₂oHk'ú bʰérontm. h₂ówis (h₁)ék'wobʰos ewewkʷe(t): k'ḗrd h₂gʰnutoj moj widntéj dʰg'ʰmónm (h₁)ék'wons h₂ég'ontm. (h₁)ék'wōs ewewkʷ: k'ludʰí, h₂ówi! k'ḗrd h₂gʰnutoj widntbʰós: dʰg'ʰémō(n), pótis, h₂wlnéh₂m h₂ówjom kʷnewti sébʰoj gʷʰérmom wéstrom; h₂éwibʰoskʷe h₂wlh₂néh₂ né h₁esti. Tód k'ek'luwṓs h₂ówis h₂ég'rom ebʰuge(t). | |||
===Kortlandt, 2007 (revised 2010)=== | |||
<big>ʕʷeuis ʔkeuskʷe</big> | |||
:ʕʷeuis i ʕueli nēʔst ʔeḱ:ums uēit:, t:o kʷ'rʕeum uoḱom uḱent:m, t:o mḱ'eʕm porom, t:o tḱmenm ʔoʔḱ:u prent:m. uēuk:t ʕʷeuis ʔiḱ:uos, ʕetḱo ʔme ḱ:ērt ʕnerm uit'ent:i ʔeḱ:ums ʕḱ'ent:m. ueuk:nt: iḱ:ues, ḱ:luti ʕʷue, ʕetḱo nsme ḱ:ērt: uit'ent:i, ʕnēr p:ot:is ʕʷuiom ʕueli sue kʷermom uesti kʷ:rneut:i, ʕʷuei kʷ:e ʕueli neʔsti. t:o ḱ:eḱ:luus ʕʷeuis pleʕnom pēuk't. | |||
<big>After the separation of Anatolian and Tocharian:</big> | |||
:ʕʷeuis ioi ʕulʔneʕ nēʔs ʔeḱuns ʔe uēi'd, tom 'gʷrʕeum uoǵom ueǵontm, tom m'ǵeʕm borom, tom dǵmenm ʔoʔḱu berontm. ʔe uēuk ʕʷeuis ʔeḱumus, ʕedǵo ʔmoi ḱēr'd ʕnerm ui'denti ʔeḱuns ʕe'ǵontm. ʔe ueukn'd ʔiḱues, ḱludi ʕʷuei, ʕedǵo nsmi ḱēr'd ui'denti, ʕnēr potis ʕʷuiom ʕulʔneʕm subi gʷermom uesti kʷrneuti, ʕʷuimus kʷe ʕulʔneʕ neʔsti. to'd ḱeḱluus ʕʷeuis pleʕnom bēu'g. | |||
: | <big>Satəm Indo-European</big> | ||
:ʕʷeuiṣ ioi ʕulʔneʕ nēs ʔeḱuns ʔe uēi’d, tom ’gʷrʕum uoǵom ueǵontm, tom me’ǵām borom, tom ǵmenm ʔoʔḱu berontm. ʔe uēuk ʕʷeuiṣ ʔeḱumuṣ, ʕedǵoi ʔmoi ḱēr’d ʕnerm ui’denti ʔeḱuns ʕe’ǵontm. ʔe ueukn’d ʔeḱues, ḱludi ʕʷeuei, ʕedǵoi nsmi ḱēr’d ui’denti, ʕnēr potiṣ ʕʷeuiom ʕulʔnām subi gʷermom uesti kʷrneuti, ʕʷeuimuṣ kʷe ʕulʔneʕ neʔsti. to’d ḱeḱluuṣ ʕʷeuiṣ pleʕnom ʔe bēu’g. | |||
===Byrd, 2013=== | |||
<big>H₂óu̯is h₁éḱu̯ōs-kʷe</big> | |||
:h₂áu̯ei̯ h₁i̯osméi̯ h₂u̯l̥h₁náh₂ né h₁ést, só h₁éḱu̯oms derḱt. só gʷr̥hₓúm u̯óǵʰom u̯eǵʰed; só méǵh₂m̥ bʰórom; só dʰǵʰémonm̥ h₂ṓḱu bʰered. h₂óu̯is h₁ékʷoi̯bʰi̯os u̯eu̯ked: "dʰǵʰémonm̥ spéḱi̯oh₂ h₁éḱu̯oms-kʷe h₂áǵeti, ḱḗr moi̯ agʰnutor". h₁éḱu̯ōs tu u̯eu̯kond: "ḱludʰí, h₂ou̯ei̯! tód spéḱi̯omes, n̥sméi̯ agʰnutór ḱḗr: dʰǵʰémō, pótis, sē h₂áu̯i̯es h₂u̯l̥h₁náh₂ gʷʰérmom u̯éstrom u̯ept, h₂áu̯ibʰi̯os né h₁esti". tód ḱeḱluu̯ṓs h₂óu̯is h₂aǵróm bʰuged. | |||
===Melchert, 2009 (revised 2014)=== | |||
<big>H₂ówis (h₁)ék̂wōs-kʷe</big> | |||
:h₂áwej h₁josméj h₂wl̥h₁náh₂ né h₁ést, só h₁ék̂woms derk̂t. só gʷr̥hₓúm wóĝhom wéĝhet; só méĝh₂m̥ bhórom; só (dh)gĥémonm̥ h₂ṓk̂u bhéret. h₂ówis h₁ék̂wojbh(j)os wéwk(ʷ)et: (dh)ĝhémonm̥ spék̂joh₂ h₁ék̂woms h₁jós h₂áĝeti, k̂ḗr moj aghnutór. h₁ék̂wōs tu wéwkʷont: k̂ludhí, h₂owei! tód spék̂jomes/n, n̥sméi aghnutór k̂ḗr: (dh)ĝhémō pótis sē h₂áwjōm h₂wl̥h₁nā́h₁ gʷhérmom wéstrom (h₁)wébht, h₂áwibh(j)os tu h₂wl̥h₁náh₂ né h₁ésti. tód k̂ek̂luwṓs h₂ówis h₂aĝróm bhugét. | |||
[[Category:Translation exercises]] | |||
[[Category:Fables]] | |||
[[Category:Harākti]] | |||
[[Category:Translated works in Harākti]] | |||
[[Category:Yassi]] | |||
[[Category:Translated works in Yassi]] | |||
[[Category:Translated works in Soc'ul']] | |||
[[Category:Translated works in Guimin]] | |||
[[Category:Translated works in Luthic]] | |||
==Atlantic== | |||
<big>La Xari i lus Chavolyus</big> | |||
E incop un criu una xari siny noia viḍeil arpol chavolyus, nu e ilus cu aḍ troiri nu cur garvi, nu oltr cu aḍ fiariri nu oniri grandi, i nu oltr cu aḍ fiariri charilomenti nu hom. Dixil la xari âlus chavolyus: «Intra pinyu-m murt, pandu viḍi nu hom cu aḍ duhiri chavolyus.» I dixirunt lus chavolyus: «Oiḍi, xari! Nus intra pinyomu-n murt pandu lûnc viḍimu: nu hom, il partun, charpil la noia dâ xari i an fail nu vistiment chariḍ pro sivi. I dindi la xari ê siny noia.» Lûnc oiḍiṭ, la xari cucuril imbura nila proniṭoṭi. | |||
==Harākti== | |||
===Latin=== | |||
<big>Hāvi nu ākuē</big> | |||
:Hāvi, kuah nē kahti hulanāh, hūet ākun: sen velkaman guerhat vegan, sen megid dāistān, sen endūhsān pitaiman. Hāvi dēket ākām: "Kēr-met mē idāiti, hauēmanin endūhsān hagman ākun." Ākuē dēker: "Stōnlu, hāvi! Kardai-set apan idānti hauēmanei: endūhse, asha, hulanās hāvēn īeti tentsi ghermā lubāran, nu hāvi nē kahti hulanāh." Kā stonsuese ghembet hāvi gimrai. | |||
===Cuneiform=== | |||
<center> | |||
{| border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" align="center" | |||
! <big>{{cuneiform|𒇻𒄿 𒉡 𒀁𒆪𒂍}}</big> !! <big>UDU''-i nu ā-ku-ē''</big> | |||
|- style="vertical-align: top;" | |||
| {{cuneiform|𒇻𒄿 𒆪𒀪 𒌋𒉡 𒅗𒀪𒋾 𒄷𒆷𒈾𒀀𒀪 𒄷𒌋𒀉 𒀁𒆪𒌦}} | |||
| UDU''-i ku-ah ŪL ka-ah-ti hu-la-na-a-ah hu-u-et ā-ku-un'' | |||
|- | |||
| {{cuneiform|𒊺𒂗 𒃾𒂖𒅗𒈠𒀭 𒄖𒅕𒄩𒀖 𒊺𒂗 𒃲𒄉 𒁕𒀀𒅖𒋫𒀀𒀭}} | |||
| ''se-en ve-el-ka-ma-an gu-er-ha-at se-en ''GAL''-id da-a-is-ta-a-an'' | |||
|- | |||
| {{cuneiform|𒊺𒂗 𒇽𒌷𒇻𒀀𒀭 𒁉𒋫𒅎𒀭 𒁲𒂊𒆠𒀉 𒀁𒅗𒀀𒄠}} | |||
| ''se-en ''LÚ.U<sub>19</sub>.LU''-a-an pi-ta-im-an'' UDU''-i de-e-ke-et ā-ka-a-am'' | |||
|- | |||
| {{cuneiform|𒊮𒅀 𒈨𒂊 𒄉𒀁𒄿𒋾 𒄩𒌋𒂍𒈠𒉌𒅔 𒇽𒌷𒇻𒀀𒀭}} | |||
| ŠÀ''-YA me-e id-ā-i-ti ha-u-ē-ma-ni-in ''LÚ.U<sub>19</sub>.LU''-a-an'' | |||
|- | |||
| {{cuneiform|𒄩𒀞𒈠𒀭 𒀁𒆪𒌦 𒀁𒆪𒂍 𒁲𒂊𒆠𒅕 𒅖𒌈𒌑𒄧𒇻 𒇻𒄿}} | |||
| ''ha-ag-ma-an ā-ku-un ā-ku-ē de-e-ke-er is-to-o-on-lu'' UDU''-i'' | |||
|- | |||
| {{cuneiform|𒊮𒄭𒀀𒉌 𒀊𒀭 𒄉𒀀𒀭𒋾 𒄩𒌋𒂍𒈠𒉈𒄿 𒇽𒌷𒇻𒂊}} | |||
| ŠÀ-ḪI.A''-NI ap-an id-a-an-ti ha-u-ē-ma-ne-i'' LÚ.U<sub>19</sub>.LU''-e'' | |||
|- | |||
| {{cuneiform|𒂗𒀀 𒄷𒆷𒈾𒀀𒀸 𒇻𒂊𒂗 𒐊𒂊𒋾 𒋼𒂗𒍣 𒄄𒅕𒈠𒀀}} | |||
| ''BĒLU-a hu-la-na-a-as'' UDU''-e-en ī-e-ti te-en-tsi ghe-er-ma-a'' | |||
|- | |||
| {{cuneiform|𒌆𒊏𒀭 𒉡 𒇻𒄿 𒌋𒉡 𒅗𒀪𒋾 𒄷𒆷𒈾𒀀𒀪 𒅗𒀀}} | |||
| TÚG''-ra-an nu'' UDU''-i ŪL ka-ah-ti hu-la-na-a-ah ka-a'' | |||
|- | |||
| {{cuneiform|𒅖𒌈𒄧𒋗𒂊𒊺 𒄄𒁽𒁁𒀉 𒇻𒄿 𒆤𒅎𒊏𒄿}} | |||
| ''is-to-on-su-e-se ghe-em-be-et'' UDU''-i gi-im-ra-i'' | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
</center> | |||
==Lifashian== | |||
<big>So masy aw tí esyúi</big> | |||
Nyé masy, pesy hawláná ne astát, elerset esyúás; nyé nyam arabam karetántám etenget, nyé nyim tangtom duwsátam eberet, nyé lengom nyim báturom eberet. | |||
So masy tós esyúwi amulút: «Mintat syardém duwsa résy mewi puréti, pimbe báturom, esyúám lúkétom, wilémi.» | |||
Tí esyúi tási masyí amulút: «Hú, a masy! Mintá syardéa duwsa résy ósmi puréti, pimbe histom wilémas: nyé bátur, so kirius, et tosy masyé hawlánam eynemeti. Dán méat hawlánehi ha tosy masyé esti.» | |||
Histom ahút, so masy gacewam ham at peliné etinemat. | |||
==Socovíc== | |||
<big>Sovēc v porosele</big> | |||
Sova vētla bo foječon qobáj jerí porosi; okdomov foježórer čobid merčab, okrobov fojeshab rób homol, v šolefov fojeshab ęso išǫ. Sovēc jamári porosili: «Lébov li márér, rájoto ęso mosožéro porosi.» Porosele jamáre: «Stosmeqi, sova, lébov lone márér, rájili ve: ęs, baqlov, qošē noposlu qobájvobi sovēto ham molbes. Vén sovētla bo jef qobáj.» Somoqa ve, sovēc jebráhi en mesvójovo. | |||
==Yassi== | |||
<big>Wok au sǝl</big> | |||
Wok kǝ yiṇ ow na wrase, sal ksase. Əs ās man wazan wyan, ǝs ās maz kāṇ twan, ǝs ās man kim twan. Wok mnase: "Mǝnǝy sǝl mǝx̌k kte kǝ ksam kǝ kim sǝl pse". Sal mnasel: "Kǝr, yo wok! Mǝlk sǝl mǝx̌k kte tar ksǝsamǝl kǝ kim ow nme aw qati yǝl pew rām ce. Au wokal ow maš na wrase." Wok yǝ krab wṇal wamnase. | |||
===Backstory=== | |||
When '''[[Yassi language|Yassi]]''' was discovered by Western linguists, they first thought it was an Iranian, at least Indo-Iranian, language and therefore translated the Schleicher's fable into Yassi for comparison purposes. Though it was then discovered that Yassi rather belongs to the Uralic family, a significant part of its vocabulary remains Iranian: Words like ās (horse), maz (big), wazan (wagon, cart) and wok (sheep) are loanwords from (Eastern?) Proto or Old Iranian. | |||
== Avendonian == | |||
En uno ogo, uno scapo ce ne abia nila vula saio peredi, uno tianti uno vagno svaro, uno draganti una lasto grota, e uno draganti uno menisco snelie. | |||
El scapo segui a li peredi: "El erte mede me smerta, seianti uno menisco drivanti peredi." Li peredi seguin: "lose, scapo, li erte nosde nos smertan cando vi seiamos eco: uno menisco, el ero, mace la vula d'el scapo en una cleditio varma per se. E'l scapo ne abe nila vula." | |||
Posde orenti eco, el scapo flovo en la evanita. | |||
== Soc'ul' == | |||
'''<big>Nivlaux Neinei</big> | |||
'''Mum'ay eý, añ'uc'iý neinei nivlaux āhñ'in' nivla xen'e, āhñ'ihtsireu jál a r'úh m'eian, āhucuzax jál ád hum xeuiad, āhñ'ihcuzax hez'i r'úl jál a cé. | |||
'''Añ'xauc nivlaux neinei: | |||
'''"Sectabl'a ehc', āhsehuc' cé āhhanr'úí neinei." | |||
'''Añ'xauc neinei: | |||
'''"Cozuei, cuoj nivlaux, sectabl'a ehc' xil eý āhsecuc': | |||
'''atx cé, riýan, al tsed' coil je nivla nivlaux xenuz. | |||
'''Āhñ'in' nivla xen'e nivlaux." | |||
'''Miu añ'uei, añ'jeiñño nivlaux mim'uj je. | |||
{{interlinear | |||
|Nivlaux Neinei | |||
|{wooly animal} horse.PL | |||
||display-messages=no|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | |||
<br> | |||
{{interlinear | |||
|Mum'ay eý, añ'-uc'-(i)ý neinei nivlaux āh-ñ'in' nivla xen'e, āh-ñ'ih-tsireu jál a r'úh m'eian, āh-u-cuzax jál ád hum xeuiad, āh-ñ'ih-cuzax hez'i r'úl jál a cé. | |||
|hill at CL4>CL4-see-PASS horse.PL {wooly animal} REL-COP.CL4>CL4 wool without REL-CL4>CL2-pull one ACC.CL2 wagon heavy REL-CL4>CL5-carry one ACC.CL5 load big REL-CL4>CL2-carry {{gcl|ADVZ|adverbializer}} quickly one ACC.CL2 man | |||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | |||
<br> | |||
{{interlinear | |||
|Añ'-xauc nivlaux neinei: | |||
|CL4>CL4-say {wooly animal} horse.PL | |||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | |||
<br> | |||
{{interlinear | |||
|"Sec-tabl'a ehc', āh-seh-uc' cé āh-han-r'úí neinei." | |||
|1>1-hurt.PASS heart REL-1>CL2-see man REL-CL2>CL4-drive horse.PL | |||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | |||
<br> | |||
{{interlinear | |||
|Añ'-xauc neinei: | |||
|CL4>CL4-say horse.PL | |||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | |||
<br> | |||
{{interlinear | |||
|"Coz-uei, cuoj nivlaux, sec-tabl'a ehc' {xil eý} āh-sec-uc': | |||
|2>2-hear VOC {wooly animal} 1>1-hurt.PASS heart when REL-1>1-see | |||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | |||
<br> | |||
{{interlinear | |||
|atx cé, riýan, al tsed' coil je nivla nivlaux xenuz. | |||
|make man master ACC.CL3 clothes REFL for wool {wooly animal} from | |||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | |||
<br> | |||
{{interlinear | |||
|Āh-ñ'in' nivla xen'e nivlaux." | |||
|REL-COP.CL4>CL4 wool without {wooly animal} | |||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | |||
<br> | |||
{{interlinear | |||
|Miu añ'-uei, añ'-jeiñño nivlaux mim'uj je. | |||
|PROG CL4>CL4-hear, CL4>CL4-flee {wooly animal} plain to | |||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | |||
== Guimin == | |||
'''<big>Вэллсәр гьу Икӏвәм</big> | |||
'''Тӏуъмбыънэ, вэллсәр бурд нибәртӏды икӏвәм диркӏнинтӏ, эв тӏэ̄сә̄м вәрдон гыро̄ иъмәнцӏрэ̄игъ, эв тӏэ̄сә̄м бирн мигъ бырәнцӏ, гьу эв тӏэ̄сә̄м вӣър бырәнцӏ тӏукӏэ̄. | |||
'''Вэллсәр икӏвәмәс якӏатӏ: кӏо | |||
'''«Кӏэ̄р митиъ ыъттӏ кортӏ, вӣър вит икӏвәм ӣнтӏды.» | |||
'''Икӏвәм якӏатӏ: кӏу | |||
'''«О̄с дуътӏуъ, вэллсәр, кӏэ̄рм ы̄витиъ ыъсинтӏ кортӏ чӏӯниъ ы̄в сә диркӏинтӏды: | |||
'''Вӣърәс, сәрвәрәс, кӏәндж тӏипӏ сӣ бурдӯъ вэллръис упӏтӏ. | |||
'''Гьу вэллсәр бурд нибәртӏ.» | |||
'''О̄с сә дуънәнцӏды, вэллсәр ареиндэ сәнтӏытӏгьэ. | |||
/ˈweɬːsær hu ˈikʼwæm | ˈtʼuˤmbɨˤne | ˈweɬːsær burd niˈbærtʼdɨ ˈikʼwæm dirˈkʼnintʼ | ew ˈtʼeːsæːm ˈwærdon gɨˈroː iˤˈmænt͡sʼreːiʁ | ew ˈtʼeːsæːm birn miʁ bɨˈrænt͡sʼ | hu ew ˈtʼeːsæːm wiˤːr bɨˈrænt͡sʼ ˈtʼukʼeː | ˈweɬːsær ˈikʼwæmæs ˈjɑkʼɑtʼ | kʼo kʼeːr ˈmitiˤ ɨˤtʼː kortʼ | wiˤːr wit ˈikʼwæm ˈiːntʼdɨ | ˈikʼwæm ˈjɑkʼɑtʼ | kʼu | oːs ˈduˤtʼuˤ | ˈweɬːsær | kʼeːrm ˈɨːwitiˤ ɨˤˈsintʼ kortʼ ˈt͡ʃʼuːniˤ ɨːw sæ dirˈkʼintʼdɨ | wiˤːˈræs | sæˈrwæræs | kʼænd͡ʒ tʼipʼ siː burduˤː ˈweɬːr̥is upʼtʼ | hu ˈweɬːsær burd niˈbærtʼ | oːs sæ duˤˈnænt͡sʼdɨ | ˈweɬːsær ˈɑrjeinde ˈsæntʼɨtʼhe/ | |||
[ˈweɬːsær hu ˈikʼwæm | ˈt̪ˤʼuˤmˤbˤɨˤn̪ˤe | ˈweɬːsær burd niˈbærtʼɘdɨ ˈikʼwæm dirˈkʼnintʼ | ew ˈtʼeːsæːm ˈwærdon gɨˈroː iˤˈmˤænt͡sʼreːiʁ | ew ˈtʼeːsæːm birn miʁ bɨˈrænt͡sʼ | hu ew ˈtʼeːsæːm wˤiˤːr bɨˈrænt͡sʼ ˈtʼʉkʼeː | ˈweɬːsær ˈikʼwæmæs ˈjɑkʼɑtʼ | kʼo kʼeːr ˈmit̪ˤe ɨˤt̪ˤʼː kortʼ | wˤiˤːr wit ˈikʼwæm ˈiːntʼɘdɨ | ˈikʼwæm ˈjɑkʼɑtʼ | kʼu | oːs ˈd̪ˤuˤt̪ˤʼo | ˈweɬːsær | kʼeːrm ˈɨːwit̪ˤe ɨˤˈs̪ˤintʼ kortʼ ˈt͡ʃʼʉːn̪ˤe ɨːw sæ dirˈkʼintʼɘdɨ | wˤiˤːˈræs | sæˈrwæræs | kʼænd͡ʒ tʼipʼ siː burd̪ˤoː ˈweɬːr̥is upʼtʼ | hu ˈweɬːsær burd niˈbærtʼ | oːs sæ d̪ˤuˤˈn̪ˤænt͡sʼɘdɨ | ˈweɬːsær ˈɐrjeinde ˈsæntʼɨtʼhe] | |||
{{interlinear | |||
|Тӏуъмб-ыънэ, вэлл-сәр бурд ни-бәртӏ-ды икӏв-әм диркӏнинтӏ, эв тӏэ̄сә̄м вәрдон гыро̄ иъмәнцӏ-рэ̄игъ, эв тӏэ̄сә̄м бирн мигъ бырәнцӏ, гьу эв тӏэ̄сә̄м вӣър бырәнцӏ тӏукӏ-э̄. | |||
|hill-{{gcl|SPR|superessive}} sheep-SG.ERG wool NEG-have.IPFV.PST.F.SG-ATTR horse-PL.ABS see.PFV.PST.M.SG one 3PL.M.{{gcl|GEN2|genitive 2}} wagon heavy take.IPFV.PST.PTCP-{{gcl|PRETRANS|pretranslative}} one 3PL.M.{{gcl|GEN2|genitive 2}} load big carry.IPFV.PST.PTCP and one 3PL.M.{{gcl|GEN2|genitive 2}} man carry.IPFV.PST.PTCP quick-ADV | |||
||display-messages=no|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | |||
<br> | |||
{{interlinear | |||
|Вэлл-сәр икӏв-әмәс якӏатӏ: кӏо | |||
|sheep-SG.ABS horse-PL.DAT say.PFV.PST.F.SG {{gcl|REP|reportative}}.F | |||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | |||
<br> | |||
{{interlinear | |||
|«Кӏэ̄р митиъ ыъттӏ кортӏ, вӣър вит икӏв-әм ӣнтӏ-ды.» | |||
|heart.ABS 1SG.{{gcl|GEN1|genitive 1}} be.IPFV.NPST.N.SG painful man CAUS.M horse-PL.ABS go.IPFV.NPST.M.PL-ATTR | |||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | |||
<br> | |||
{{interlinear | |||
|Икӏв-әм якӏатӏ: кӏу | |||
|horse-PL.ABS say.PFV.PST.F.SG {{gcl|REP|reportative}}.M | |||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | |||
<br> | |||
{{interlinear | |||
|«О̄с дуътӏуъ, вэлл-сәр, кӏэ̄р-м ы̄витиъ ыъсинтӏ кортӏ чӏӯниъ ы̄в сә диркӏинтӏ-ды: | |||
|ear.ABS give.PFV.IMP.N.SG sheep-SG.ABS heart.ABS-PL.ABS {{gcl|1EXCL|first person exclusive}}.{{gcl|GEN1|genitive 1}} be.IPFV.NPST.N.PL painful when {{gcl|1EXCL|first person exclusive}}.ABS DEM see.PFV.PRES.M.PL-ATTR | |||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | |||
<br> | |||
{{interlinear | |||
|Вӣър-әс, сәрвәр-әс, кӏәндж тӏипӏ сӣ бурд-ӯъ вэлл-ръис упӏтӏ. | |||
|man-SG.ERG master-SG.ERG clothing warm REFL.DAT wool-SG.INSTR sheep-SG.{{gcl|GEN2|genitive 2}} make.PFV.PRES.M.SG | |||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | |||
<br> | |||
{{interlinear | |||
|Гьу вэлл-сәр бурд ни-бәртӏ.» | |||
|and sheep-SG.ERG wool NEG-have.IPFV.PST.F.SG | |||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | |||
<br> | |||
{{interlinear | |||
|О̄с сә дуънәнцӏ-ды, вэлл-сәр аре-индэ сәнтӏытӏ-гьэ. | |||
|ear.ABS DEM give.PFV.PST.PTCP-ATTR sheep-SG.ABS plain-ILL go.PFV.PST.F.SG-{{gcl|VALINC|valency increaser}} | |||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | |||
In other scripts: | |||
'''<big>Wełłsär hu Ik'wäm</big> | |||
'''T'uˤmbyˤne, wełłsär burd nibärt'dy ik'wäm dirk'nint', ew t'ēsǟm wärdon gyrō iˤmänc'rēiğ, ew t'ēsǟm birn miğ byränc', hu ew t'ēsǟm wīˤr byränc' t'uk'ē. Wełłsär ik'wämäs jak'at': k'o "K'ēr mitiˤ yˤtt' kort', wīˤr wit ik'wäm īnt'dy." Ik'wäm jak'at': k'u "Ōs duˤt'uˤ, wełłsär, k'ērm ȳwitiˤ yˤsint' kort' č'ūniˤ ȳw sä dirk'int'dy: Wīˤräs, särwäräs, k'änǯ t'ip' sī burdūˤ wełłrhis up't'. Hu wełłsär burd nibärt'." Ōs sä duˤnänc'dy, wełłsär arjeinde sänt'yt'he. | |||
<big> | '''<big>وېڝّسار هو يࢰوام</big> | ||
'''طوعمبێعنې, وېڝّسار بورد نيبارطدێ يࢰوام ديرࢰنينط, ېو طېسام واردۈن گێرۈ يعمانضرېيغ, ېو طېسام بيرن ميغ بێرانض, هو ېو طېسام ويعر بێرانض طوࢰې. وېڝّسار يࢰواماس جآࢰآط: ࢰۈ "ࢰېر ميتيع ێعطّ كۈرط, ويعر ويت يࢰوام ينطدێ." يࢰوام جآࢰآط: ࢰو "ۈس دوعطوع, وېڝّسار, ࢰېرم ێويتيع ێعسينط كۈرط ڃونيع ێو سا ديرࢰينطدێ: ويعراس, سارواراس, ࢰانج طيڣ سي بوردوع وېڝّريس وڣط. هو وېڝّسار بورد نيبارط." ۈس سا دوعنانضدێ, وېڝّسار آريېيندې سانطێطهې. | |||
'''<big>ვეჹჹსა̈რ ჰუ იკვა̈მ</big> | |||
'''ტუჾმბი̈ჾნე, ვეჹჹსა̈რ ბურდ ნიბა̈რტდი̈ იკვა̈მ დირკნინტ, ევ ტე̄სა̈̄მ ვა̈რდონ გი̈რო̄ იჾნა̈ნწრე̄იღ, ევ ტე̄სა̈̄მ ბირნ მიღ ბი̈რა̈ნწ, ჰუ ევ ტე̄სა̈̄მ ვი̄ჾრ ბი̈რა̈ნწ ტუკე̄. ვეჹჹსა̈რ იკვა̈მა̈ს ჲაკატ: კო "კე̄რ მითიჾ ი̈ჾტტ ქორტ, ვი̄ჾრ ვით იკვა̈მ ი̄ნტდი̈." იკვა̈მ ჲაკატ: კუ "ო̄ს დუჾტუჾ, ვეჹჹსა̈რ, კე̄რმ ი̈̄ვითიჾ ი̈ჾსინტ ქორტ ჭუ̄ნიჾ ი̈̄ვ სა̈ დირკინტდი̈: ვი̄ჾრა̈ს, სა̈რვა̈რა̈ს, კა̈ნჯ ტიპ სი̄ ბურდუ̄ჾ ვეჹჹჿის უპტ. ჰუ ვეჹჹსა̈რ ბურდ ნიბა̈რტ." ო̄ს სა̈ დუჾნა̈ნწდი̈, ვეჹჹსა̈რ არჲეინდე სა̈ნტი̈ტჰე. | |||
==Luthic== | |||
<big>La pecora e gl’aeqqi</big> | |||
: Aena pecora ei, stavat inu volla, saecaut somos aeqqos: aeno eisôro tiravat aeno pesante carro, aeno anþero baeravat aeno mêchelo carico ed aeno anþero transportavat aeno manno snele. La pecora roðit all’aeqqos: “Mic pianget atha haertene saecandu ce il mannu trattat l’aeqqos”. Gl’aeqqi roðirondo: “Ascoltâ, pecora: faur unse ist penosu saecare ei, il mannu, l’unsar signiore, sic taugit aena veste la volla pecore, mentre le pecore ristondo inu volla”. Dopo ascoltauða þatha, la pecora agro fliugat. | |||
Latest revision as of 06:44, 31 October 2024
 |
| Songs & poems |
|---|
| Stories & legends |
| Fables & declarations |
| Religious texts |
| Word-list templates |
|
| Relays |
|
Starlings' Song |
| Library portal |
 |
Schleicher's fable (PIE: avis akvāsas ka) is an artificial text composed in the reconstructed language Proto-Indo-European (PIE), published by the German linguist August Schleicher in 1868 (the year of his death). Schleicher was the first scholar to compose a text in PIE. The fable is entitled "Avis akvāsas ka" ("The Sheep and the Horses"). Various scholars have published revised versions of Schleicher's fable since his original text as the idea of what PIE should look like changed over time. The fable may serve as an illustration of the significant changes that the reconstructed language has gone through during the last 140 years of scholarly efforts. |
Translations
English
The Sheep and the Horses
On a hill, a sheep that had no wool saw horses, one of them pulling a heavy wagon, one carrying a big load, and one carrying a man quickly. The sheep said to the horses: "My heart pains me, seeing a man driving horses". The horses said: "Listen, sheep, our hearts pain us when we see this: a man, the master, makes the wool of the sheep into a warm garment for himself. And the sheep has no wool". Having heard this, the sheep fled into the plain.
Proto-Indo-European (PIE)
Schleicher, 1868
Avis akvāsas ka
- Avis, jasmin varnā na ā ast, dadarka akvams, tam, vāgham garum vaghantam, tam, bhāram magham, tam, manum āku bharantam. Avis akvabhjams ā vavakat: kard aghnutai mai vidanti manum akvams agantam. Akvāsas ā vavakant: krudhi avai, kard aghnutai vividvant-svas: manus patis varnām avisāms karnauti svabhjam gharmam vastram avibhjams ka varnā na asti. Tat kukruvants avis agram ā bhugat.
Hirt, 1939
Owis ek’wōses-kʷe
- Owis, jesmin wьlənā ne ēst, dedork’e ek’wons, tom, woghom gʷьrum weghontm̥, tom, bhorom megam, tom, gh’ьmonm̥ ōk’u bherontm̥. Owis ek’womos ewьwekʷet: k’ērd aghnutai moi widontei gh’ьmonm̥ ek’wons ag’ontm̥. Ek’wōses ewьwekʷont: kl’udhi, owei!, k’ērd aghnutai vidontmos: gh’ьmo, potis, wьlənām owjôm kʷr̥neuti sebhoi ghʷermom westrom; owimos-kʷe wьlənā ne esti. Tod k’ek’ruwos owis ag’rom ebhuget.
Lehmann and Zgusta, 1979
Owis eḱwōskʷe
- Gʷərēi owis, kʷesjo wl̥hnā ne ēst, eḱwōns espeḱet, oinom ghe gʷr̥um woǵhom weǵhontm̥, oinomkʷe meǵam bhorom, oinomkʷe ǵhm̥enm̥ ōḱu bherontm̥. Owis nu eḱwobh(j)os (eḱwomos) ewewkʷet: "Ḱēr aghnutoi moi eḱwōns aǵontm̥ nerm̥ widn̥tei". Eḱwōs tu ewewkʷont: "Ḱludhi, owei, ḱēr ghe aghnutoi n̥smei widn̥tbh(j)os (widn̥tmos): nēr, potis, owiōm r̥ wl̥hnām sebhi gʷhermom westrom kʷrn̥euti. Neǵhi owiōm wl̥hnā esti". Tod ḱeḱluwōs owis aǵrom ebhuget.
Adams, 1997
H2óu̯is h1ék̂u̯ōs-kʷe
- Gʷr̥hₓḗi h₂óu̯is, kʷési̯o u̯lh₂néh₄ ne (h₁é) est, h₁ék̂u̯ons spék̂et, h₁oinom ghe gʷr̥hₓúm u̯óĝhom u̯éĝhontm̥ h₁oinom-kʷe méĝhₐm bhórom, h₁oinom-kʷe ĝhménm̥ hₓṓk̂u bhérontm̥. h₂óu̯is tu h₁ek̂u̯oibh(i̯)os u̯eukʷét: 'k̂ḗr hₐeghnutór moi h₁ék̂u̯ons hₐéĝontm̥ hₐnérm̥ u̯idn̥téi. h₁ék̂u̯ōs tu u̯eukʷónt: 'k̂ludhí, h₂óu̯ei, k̂ḗr ghe hₐeghnutór n̥sméi u̯idn̥tbh(i̯)ós. hₐnḗr, pótis, h₂éu̯i̯om r̥ u̯l̥h₂néhₐm sebhi kʷr̥néuti nu gʷhérmom u̯éstrom néĝhi h₂éu̯i̯om u̯l̥h₂néhₐ h₁ésti.' Tód k̂ek̂luu̯ṓs h₂óu̯is hₐéĝrom bhugét.
Lühr, 2008
h2ówis h1ék’wōskwe
- h₂ówis, (H)jésmin h₂wlh₂néh₂ ne éh₁est, dedork'e (h₁)ék'wons, tóm, wóg'ʰom gʷérh₂um wég'ʰontm, tóm, bʰórom még'oh₂m, tóm, dʰg'ʰémonm h₂oHk'ú bʰérontm. h₂ówis (h₁)ék'wobʰos ewewkʷe(t): k'ḗrd h₂gʰnutoj moj widntéj dʰg'ʰmónm (h₁)ék'wons h₂ég'ontm. (h₁)ék'wōs ewewkʷ: k'ludʰí, h₂ówi! k'ḗrd h₂gʰnutoj widntbʰós: dʰg'ʰémō(n), pótis, h₂wlnéh₂m h₂ówjom kʷnewti sébʰoj gʷʰérmom wéstrom; h₂éwibʰoskʷe h₂wlh₂néh₂ né h₁esti. Tód k'ek'luwṓs h₂ówis h₂ég'rom ebʰuge(t).
Kortlandt, 2007 (revised 2010)
ʕʷeuis ʔkeuskʷe
- ʕʷeuis i ʕueli nēʔst ʔeḱ:ums uēit:, t:o kʷ'rʕeum uoḱom uḱent:m, t:o mḱ'eʕm porom, t:o tḱmenm ʔoʔḱ:u prent:m. uēuk:t ʕʷeuis ʔiḱ:uos, ʕetḱo ʔme ḱ:ērt ʕnerm uit'ent:i ʔeḱ:ums ʕḱ'ent:m. ueuk:nt: iḱ:ues, ḱ:luti ʕʷue, ʕetḱo nsme ḱ:ērt: uit'ent:i, ʕnēr p:ot:is ʕʷuiom ʕueli sue kʷermom uesti kʷ:rneut:i, ʕʷuei kʷ:e ʕueli neʔsti. t:o ḱ:eḱ:luus ʕʷeuis pleʕnom pēuk't.
After the separation of Anatolian and Tocharian:
- ʕʷeuis ioi ʕulʔneʕ nēʔs ʔeḱuns ʔe uēi'd, tom 'gʷrʕeum uoǵom ueǵontm, tom m'ǵeʕm borom, tom dǵmenm ʔoʔḱu berontm. ʔe uēuk ʕʷeuis ʔeḱumus, ʕedǵo ʔmoi ḱēr'd ʕnerm ui'denti ʔeḱuns ʕe'ǵontm. ʔe ueukn'd ʔiḱues, ḱludi ʕʷuei, ʕedǵo nsmi ḱēr'd ui'denti, ʕnēr potis ʕʷuiom ʕulʔneʕm subi gʷermom uesti kʷrneuti, ʕʷuimus kʷe ʕulʔneʕ neʔsti. to'd ḱeḱluus ʕʷeuis pleʕnom bēu'g.
Satəm Indo-European
- ʕʷeuiṣ ioi ʕulʔneʕ nēs ʔeḱuns ʔe uēi’d, tom ’gʷrʕum uoǵom ueǵontm, tom me’ǵām borom, tom ǵmenm ʔoʔḱu berontm. ʔe uēuk ʕʷeuiṣ ʔeḱumuṣ, ʕedǵoi ʔmoi ḱēr’d ʕnerm ui’denti ʔeḱuns ʕe’ǵontm. ʔe ueukn’d ʔeḱues, ḱludi ʕʷeuei, ʕedǵoi nsmi ḱēr’d ui’denti, ʕnēr potiṣ ʕʷeuiom ʕulʔnām subi gʷermom uesti kʷrneuti, ʕʷeuimuṣ kʷe ʕulʔneʕ neʔsti. to’d ḱeḱluuṣ ʕʷeuiṣ pleʕnom ʔe bēu’g.
Byrd, 2013
H₂óu̯is h₁éḱu̯ōs-kʷe
- h₂áu̯ei̯ h₁i̯osméi̯ h₂u̯l̥h₁náh₂ né h₁ést, só h₁éḱu̯oms derḱt. só gʷr̥hₓúm u̯óǵʰom u̯eǵʰed; só méǵh₂m̥ bʰórom; só dʰǵʰémonm̥ h₂ṓḱu bʰered. h₂óu̯is h₁ékʷoi̯bʰi̯os u̯eu̯ked: "dʰǵʰémonm̥ spéḱi̯oh₂ h₁éḱu̯oms-kʷe h₂áǵeti, ḱḗr moi̯ agʰnutor". h₁éḱu̯ōs tu u̯eu̯kond: "ḱludʰí, h₂ou̯ei̯! tód spéḱi̯omes, n̥sméi̯ agʰnutór ḱḗr: dʰǵʰémō, pótis, sē h₂áu̯i̯es h₂u̯l̥h₁náh₂ gʷʰérmom u̯éstrom u̯ept, h₂áu̯ibʰi̯os né h₁esti". tód ḱeḱluu̯ṓs h₂óu̯is h₂aǵróm bʰuged.
Melchert, 2009 (revised 2014)
H₂ówis (h₁)ék̂wōs-kʷe
- h₂áwej h₁josméj h₂wl̥h₁náh₂ né h₁ést, só h₁ék̂woms derk̂t. só gʷr̥hₓúm wóĝhom wéĝhet; só méĝh₂m̥ bhórom; só (dh)gĥémonm̥ h₂ṓk̂u bhéret. h₂ówis h₁ék̂wojbh(j)os wéwk(ʷ)et: (dh)ĝhémonm̥ spék̂joh₂ h₁ék̂woms h₁jós h₂áĝeti, k̂ḗr moj aghnutór. h₁ék̂wōs tu wéwkʷont: k̂ludhí, h₂owei! tód spék̂jomes/n, n̥sméi aghnutór k̂ḗr: (dh)ĝhémō pótis sē h₂áwjōm h₂wl̥h₁nā́h₁ gʷhérmom wéstrom (h₁)wébht, h₂áwibh(j)os tu h₂wl̥h₁náh₂ né h₁ésti. tód k̂ek̂luwṓs h₂ówis h₂aĝróm bhugét.
Atlantic
La Xari i lus Chavolyus
E incop un criu una xari siny noia viḍeil arpol chavolyus, nu e ilus cu aḍ troiri nu cur garvi, nu oltr cu aḍ fiariri nu oniri grandi, i nu oltr cu aḍ fiariri charilomenti nu hom. Dixil la xari âlus chavolyus: «Intra pinyu-m murt, pandu viḍi nu hom cu aḍ duhiri chavolyus.» I dixirunt lus chavolyus: «Oiḍi, xari! Nus intra pinyomu-n murt pandu lûnc viḍimu: nu hom, il partun, charpil la noia dâ xari i an fail nu vistiment chariḍ pro sivi. I dindi la xari ê siny noia.» Lûnc oiḍiṭ, la xari cucuril imbura nila proniṭoṭi.
Harākti
Latin
Hāvi nu ākuē
- Hāvi, kuah nē kahti hulanāh, hūet ākun: sen velkaman guerhat vegan, sen megid dāistān, sen endūhsān pitaiman. Hāvi dēket ākām: "Kēr-met mē idāiti, hauēmanin endūhsān hagman ākun." Ākuē dēker: "Stōnlu, hāvi! Kardai-set apan idānti hauēmanei: endūhse, asha, hulanās hāvēn īeti tentsi ghermā lubāran, nu hāvi nē kahti hulanāh." Kā stonsuese ghembet hāvi gimrai.
Cuneiform
| 𒇻𒄿 𒉡 𒀁𒆪𒂍 | UDU-i nu ā-ku-ē |
|---|---|
| 𒇻𒄿 𒆪𒀪 𒌋𒉡 𒅗𒀪𒋾 𒄷𒆷𒈾𒀀𒀪 𒄷𒌋𒀉 𒀁𒆪𒌦 | UDU-i ku-ah ŪL ka-ah-ti hu-la-na-a-ah hu-u-et ā-ku-un |
| 𒊺𒂗 𒃾𒂖𒅗𒈠𒀭 𒄖𒅕𒄩𒀖 𒊺𒂗 𒃲𒄉 𒁕𒀀𒅖𒋫𒀀𒀭 | se-en ve-el-ka-ma-an gu-er-ha-at se-en GAL-id da-a-is-ta-a-an |
| 𒊺𒂗 𒇽𒌷𒇻𒀀𒀭 𒁉𒋫𒅎𒀭 𒁲𒂊𒆠𒀉 𒀁𒅗𒀀𒄠 | se-en LÚ.U19.LU-a-an pi-ta-im-an UDU-i de-e-ke-et ā-ka-a-am |
| 𒊮𒅀 𒈨𒂊 𒄉𒀁𒄿𒋾 𒄩𒌋𒂍𒈠𒉌𒅔 𒇽𒌷𒇻𒀀𒀭 | ŠÀ-YA me-e id-ā-i-ti ha-u-ē-ma-ni-in LÚ.U19.LU-a-an |
| 𒄩𒀞𒈠𒀭 𒀁𒆪𒌦 𒀁𒆪𒂍 𒁲𒂊𒆠𒅕 𒅖𒌈𒌑𒄧𒇻 𒇻𒄿 | ha-ag-ma-an ā-ku-un ā-ku-ē de-e-ke-er is-to-o-on-lu UDU-i |
| 𒊮𒄭𒀀𒉌 𒀊𒀭 𒄉𒀀𒀭𒋾 𒄩𒌋𒂍𒈠𒉈𒄿 𒇽𒌷𒇻𒂊 | ŠÀ-ḪI.A-NI ap-an id-a-an-ti ha-u-ē-ma-ne-i LÚ.U19.LU-e |
| 𒂗𒀀 𒄷𒆷𒈾𒀀𒀸 𒇻𒂊𒂗 𒐊𒂊𒋾 𒋼𒂗𒍣 𒄄𒅕𒈠𒀀 | BĒLU-a hu-la-na-a-as UDU-e-en ī-e-ti te-en-tsi ghe-er-ma-a |
| 𒌆𒊏𒀭 𒉡 𒇻𒄿 𒌋𒉡 𒅗𒀪𒋾 𒄷𒆷𒈾𒀀𒀪 𒅗𒀀 | TÚG-ra-an nu UDU-i ŪL ka-ah-ti hu-la-na-a-ah ka-a |
| 𒅖𒌈𒄧𒋗𒂊𒊺 𒄄𒁽𒁁𒀉 𒇻𒄿 𒆤𒅎𒊏𒄿 | is-to-on-su-e-se ghe-em-be-et UDU-i gi-im-ra-i |
Lifashian
So masy aw tí esyúi
Nyé masy, pesy hawláná ne astát, elerset esyúás; nyé nyam arabam karetántám etenget, nyé nyim tangtom duwsátam eberet, nyé lengom nyim báturom eberet. So masy tós esyúwi amulút: «Mintat syardém duwsa résy mewi puréti, pimbe báturom, esyúám lúkétom, wilémi.» Tí esyúi tási masyí amulút: «Hú, a masy! Mintá syardéa duwsa résy ósmi puréti, pimbe histom wilémas: nyé bátur, so kirius, et tosy masyé hawlánam eynemeti. Dán méat hawlánehi ha tosy masyé esti.» Histom ahút, so masy gacewam ham at peliné etinemat.
Socovíc
Sovēc v porosele
Sova vētla bo foječon qobáj jerí porosi; okdomov foježórer čobid merčab, okrobov fojeshab rób homol, v šolefov fojeshab ęso išǫ. Sovēc jamári porosili: «Lébov li márér, rájoto ęso mosožéro porosi.» Porosele jamáre: «Stosmeqi, sova, lébov lone márér, rájili ve: ęs, baqlov, qošē noposlu qobájvobi sovēto ham molbes. Vén sovētla bo jef qobáj.» Somoqa ve, sovēc jebráhi en mesvójovo.
Yassi
Wok au sǝl
Wok kǝ yiṇ ow na wrase, sal ksase. Əs ās man wazan wyan, ǝs ās maz kāṇ twan, ǝs ās man kim twan. Wok mnase: "Mǝnǝy sǝl mǝx̌k kte kǝ ksam kǝ kim sǝl pse". Sal mnasel: "Kǝr, yo wok! Mǝlk sǝl mǝx̌k kte tar ksǝsamǝl kǝ kim ow nme aw qati yǝl pew rām ce. Au wokal ow maš na wrase." Wok yǝ krab wṇal wamnase.
Backstory
When Yassi was discovered by Western linguists, they first thought it was an Iranian, at least Indo-Iranian, language and therefore translated the Schleicher's fable into Yassi for comparison purposes. Though it was then discovered that Yassi rather belongs to the Uralic family, a significant part of its vocabulary remains Iranian: Words like ās (horse), maz (big), wazan (wagon, cart) and wok (sheep) are loanwords from (Eastern?) Proto or Old Iranian.
Avendonian
En uno ogo, uno scapo ce ne abia nila vula saio peredi, uno tianti uno vagno svaro, uno draganti una lasto grota, e uno draganti uno menisco snelie. El scapo segui a li peredi: "El erte mede me smerta, seianti uno menisco drivanti peredi." Li peredi seguin: "lose, scapo, li erte nosde nos smertan cando vi seiamos eco: uno menisco, el ero, mace la vula d'el scapo en una cleditio varma per se. E'l scapo ne abe nila vula." Posde orenti eco, el scapo flovo en la evanita.
Soc'ul'
Nivlaux Neinei
Mum'ay eý, añ'uc'iý neinei nivlaux āhñ'in' nivla xen'e, āhñ'ihtsireu jál a r'úh m'eian, āhucuzax jál ád hum xeuiad, āhñ'ihcuzax hez'i r'úl jál a cé. Añ'xauc nivlaux neinei: "Sectabl'a ehc', āhsehuc' cé āhhanr'úí neinei." Añ'xauc neinei: "Cozuei, cuoj nivlaux, sectabl'a ehc' xil eý āhsecuc': atx cé, riýan, al tsed' coil je nivla nivlaux xenuz. Āhñ'in' nivla xen'e nivlaux." Miu añ'uei, añ'jeiñño nivlaux mim'uj je.
Nivlaux
wooly animal
Neinei
horse.PL
Mum'ay
hill
eý,
at
añ'-uc'-(i)ý
CL4>CL4-see-PASS
neinei
horse.PL
nivlaux
wooly animal
āh-ñ'in'
REL-COP.CL4>CL4
nivla
wool
xen'e,
without
āh-ñ'ih-tsireu
REL-CL4>CL2-pull
jál
one
a
ACC.CL2
r'úh
wagon
m'eian,
heavy
āh-u-cuzax
REL-CL4>CL5-carry
jál
one
ád
ACC.CL5
hum
load
xeuiad,
big
āh-ñ'ih-cuzax
REL-CL4>CL2-carry
hez'i
ADVZ
r'úl
quickly
jál
one
a
ACC.CL2
cé.
man
Añ'-xauc
CL4>CL4-say
nivlaux
wooly animal
neinei:
horse.PL
"Sec-tabl'a
1>1-hurt.PASS
ehc',
heart
āh-seh-uc'
REL-1>CL2-see
cé
man
āh-han-r'úí
REL-CL2>CL4-drive
neinei."
horse.PL
Añ'-xauc
CL4>CL4-say
neinei:
horse.PL
"Coz-uei,
2>2-hear
cuoj
VOC
nivlaux,
wooly animal
sec-tabl'a
1>1-hurt.PASS
ehc'
heart
xil eý
when
āh-sec-uc':
REL-1>1-see
atx
make
cé,
man
riýan,
master
al
ACC.CL3
tsed'
clothes
coil
REFL
je
for
nivla
wool
nivlaux
wooly animal
xenuz.
from
Āh-ñ'in'
REL-COP.CL4>CL4
nivla
wool
xen'e
without
nivlaux."
wooly animal
Miu
PROG
añ'-uei,
CL4>CL4-hear,
añ'-jeiñño
CL4>CL4-flee
nivlaux
wooly animal
mim'uj
plain
je.
to
Guimin
Вэллсәр гьу Икӏвәм
Тӏуъмбыънэ, вэллсәр бурд нибәртӏды икӏвәм диркӏнинтӏ, эв тӏэ̄сә̄м вәрдон гыро̄ иъмәнцӏрэ̄игъ, эв тӏэ̄сә̄м бирн мигъ бырәнцӏ, гьу эв тӏэ̄сә̄м вӣър бырәнцӏ тӏукӏэ̄. Вэллсәр икӏвәмәс якӏатӏ: кӏо «Кӏэ̄р митиъ ыъттӏ кортӏ, вӣър вит икӏвәм ӣнтӏды.» Икӏвәм якӏатӏ: кӏу «О̄с дуътӏуъ, вэллсәр, кӏэ̄рм ы̄витиъ ыъсинтӏ кортӏ чӏӯниъ ы̄в сә диркӏинтӏды: Вӣърәс, сәрвәрәс, кӏәндж тӏипӏ сӣ бурдӯъ вэллръис упӏтӏ. Гьу вэллсәр бурд нибәртӏ.» О̄с сә дуънәнцӏды, вэллсәр ареиндэ сәнтӏытӏгьэ.
/ˈweɬːsær hu ˈikʼwæm | ˈtʼuˤmbɨˤne | ˈweɬːsær burd niˈbærtʼdɨ ˈikʼwæm dirˈkʼnintʼ | ew ˈtʼeːsæːm ˈwærdon gɨˈroː iˤˈmænt͡sʼreːiʁ | ew ˈtʼeːsæːm birn miʁ bɨˈrænt͡sʼ | hu ew ˈtʼeːsæːm wiˤːr bɨˈrænt͡sʼ ˈtʼukʼeː | ˈweɬːsær ˈikʼwæmæs ˈjɑkʼɑtʼ | kʼo kʼeːr ˈmitiˤ ɨˤtʼː kortʼ | wiˤːr wit ˈikʼwæm ˈiːntʼdɨ | ˈikʼwæm ˈjɑkʼɑtʼ | kʼu | oːs ˈduˤtʼuˤ | ˈweɬːsær | kʼeːrm ˈɨːwitiˤ ɨˤˈsintʼ kortʼ ˈt͡ʃʼuːniˤ ɨːw sæ dirˈkʼintʼdɨ | wiˤːˈræs | sæˈrwæræs | kʼænd͡ʒ tʼipʼ siː burduˤː ˈweɬːr̥is upʼtʼ | hu ˈweɬːsær burd niˈbærtʼ | oːs sæ duˤˈnænt͡sʼdɨ | ˈweɬːsær ˈɑrjeinde ˈsæntʼɨtʼhe/
[ˈweɬːsær hu ˈikʼwæm | ˈt̪ˤʼuˤmˤbˤɨˤn̪ˤe | ˈweɬːsær burd niˈbærtʼɘdɨ ˈikʼwæm dirˈkʼnintʼ | ew ˈtʼeːsæːm ˈwærdon gɨˈroː iˤˈmˤænt͡sʼreːiʁ | ew ˈtʼeːsæːm birn miʁ bɨˈrænt͡sʼ | hu ew ˈtʼeːsæːm wˤiˤːr bɨˈrænt͡sʼ ˈtʼʉkʼeː | ˈweɬːsær ˈikʼwæmæs ˈjɑkʼɑtʼ | kʼo kʼeːr ˈmit̪ˤe ɨˤt̪ˤʼː kortʼ | wˤiˤːr wit ˈikʼwæm ˈiːntʼɘdɨ | ˈikʼwæm ˈjɑkʼɑtʼ | kʼu | oːs ˈd̪ˤuˤt̪ˤʼo | ˈweɬːsær | kʼeːrm ˈɨːwit̪ˤe ɨˤˈs̪ˤintʼ kortʼ ˈt͡ʃʼʉːn̪ˤe ɨːw sæ dirˈkʼintʼɘdɨ | wˤiˤːˈræs | sæˈrwæræs | kʼænd͡ʒ tʼipʼ siː burd̪ˤoː ˈweɬːr̥is upʼtʼ | hu ˈweɬːsær burd niˈbærtʼ | oːs sæ d̪ˤuˤˈn̪ˤænt͡sʼɘdɨ | ˈweɬːsær ˈɐrjeinde ˈsæntʼɨtʼhe]
Тӏуъмб-ыънэ,
hill-SPR
вэлл-сәр
sheep-SG.ERG
бурд
wool
ни-бәртӏ-ды
NEG-have.IPFV.PST.F.SG-ATTR
икӏв-әм
horse-PL.ABS
диркӏнинтӏ,
see.PFV.PST.M.SG
эв
one
тӏэ̄сә̄м
3PL.M.GEN2
вәрдон
wagon
гыро̄
heavy
иъмәнцӏ-рэ̄игъ,
take.IPFV.PST.PTCP-PRETRANS
эв
one
тӏэ̄сә̄м
3PL.M.GEN2
бирн
load
мигъ
big
бырәнцӏ,
carry.IPFV.PST.PTCP
гьу
and
эв
one
тӏэ̄сә̄м
3PL.M.GEN2
вӣър
man
бырәнцӏ
carry.IPFV.PST.PTCP
тӏукӏ-э̄.
quick-ADV
Вэлл-сәр
sheep-SG.ABS
икӏв-әмәс
horse-PL.DAT
якӏатӏ:
say.PFV.PST.F.SG
кӏо
REP.F
«Кӏэ̄р
heart.ABS
митиъ
1SG.GEN1
ыъттӏ
be.IPFV.NPST.N.SG
кортӏ,
painful
вӣър
man
вит
CAUS.M
икӏв-әм
horse-PL.ABS
ӣнтӏ-ды.»
go.IPFV.NPST.M.PL-ATTR
Икӏв-әм
horse-PL.ABS
якӏатӏ:
say.PFV.PST.F.SG
кӏу
REP.M
«О̄с
ear.ABS
дуътӏуъ,
give.PFV.IMP.N.SG
вэлл-сәр,
sheep-SG.ABS
кӏэ̄р-м
heart.ABS-PL.ABS
ы̄витиъ
1EXCL.GEN1
ыъсинтӏ
be.IPFV.NPST.N.PL
кортӏ
painful
чӏӯниъ
when
ы̄в
1EXCL.ABS
сә
DEM
диркӏинтӏ-ды:
see.PFV.PRES.M.PL-ATTR
Вӣър-әс,
man-SG.ERG
сәрвәр-әс,
master-SG.ERG
кӏәндж
clothing
тӏипӏ
warm
сӣ
REFL.DAT
бурд-ӯъ
wool-SG.INSTR
вэлл-ръис
sheep-SG.GEN2
упӏтӏ.
make.PFV.PRES.M.SG
Гьу
and
вэлл-сәр
sheep-SG.ERG
бурд
wool
ни-бәртӏ.»
NEG-have.IPFV.PST.F.SG
О̄с
ear.ABS
сә
DEM
дуънәнцӏ-ды,
give.PFV.PST.PTCP-ATTR
вэлл-сәр
sheep-SG.ABS
аре-индэ
plain-ILL
сәнтӏытӏ-гьэ.
go.PFV.PST.F.SG-VALINC
In other scripts:
Wełłsär hu Ik'wäm
T'uˤmbyˤne, wełłsär burd nibärt'dy ik'wäm dirk'nint', ew t'ēsǟm wärdon gyrō iˤmänc'rēiğ, ew t'ēsǟm birn miğ byränc', hu ew t'ēsǟm wīˤr byränc' t'uk'ē. Wełłsär ik'wämäs jak'at': k'o "K'ēr mitiˤ yˤtt' kort', wīˤr wit ik'wäm īnt'dy." Ik'wäm jak'at': k'u "Ōs duˤt'uˤ, wełłsär, k'ērm ȳwitiˤ yˤsint' kort' č'ūniˤ ȳw sä dirk'int'dy: Wīˤräs, särwäräs, k'änǯ t'ip' sī burdūˤ wełłrhis up't'. Hu wełłsär burd nibärt'." Ōs sä duˤnänc'dy, wełłsär arjeinde sänt'yt'he.
وېڝّسار هو يࢰوام
طوعمبێعنې, وېڝّسار بورد نيبارطدێ يࢰوام ديرࢰنينط, ېو طېسام واردۈن گێرۈ يعمانضرېيغ, ېو طېسام بيرن ميغ بێرانض, هو ېو طېسام ويعر بێرانض طوࢰې. وېڝّسار يࢰواماس جآࢰآط: ࢰۈ "ࢰېر ميتيع ێعطّ كۈرط, ويعر ويت يࢰوام ينطدێ." يࢰوام جآࢰآط: ࢰو "ۈس دوعطوع, وېڝّسار, ࢰېرم ێويتيع ێعسينط كۈرط ڃونيع ێو سا ديرࢰينطدێ: ويعراس, سارواراس, ࢰانج طيڣ سي بوردوع وېڝّريس وڣط. هو وېڝّسار بورد نيبارط." ۈس سا دوعنانضدێ, وېڝّسار آريېيندې سانطێطهې.
ვეჹჹსა̈რ ჰუ იკვა̈მ
ტუჾმბი̈ჾნე, ვეჹჹსა̈რ ბურდ ნიბა̈რტდი̈ იკვა̈მ დირკნინტ, ევ ტე̄სა̈̄მ ვა̈რდონ გი̈რო̄ იჾნა̈ნწრე̄იღ, ევ ტე̄სა̈̄მ ბირნ მიღ ბი̈რა̈ნწ, ჰუ ევ ტე̄სა̈̄მ ვი̄ჾრ ბი̈რა̈ნწ ტუკე̄. ვეჹჹსა̈რ იკვა̈მა̈ს ჲაკატ: კო "კე̄რ მითიჾ ი̈ჾტტ ქორტ, ვი̄ჾრ ვით იკვა̈მ ი̄ნტდი̈." იკვა̈მ ჲაკატ: კუ "ო̄ს დუჾტუჾ, ვეჹჹსა̈რ, კე̄რმ ი̈̄ვითიჾ ი̈ჾსინტ ქორტ ჭუ̄ნიჾ ი̈̄ვ სა̈ დირკინტდი̈: ვი̄ჾრა̈ს, სა̈რვა̈რა̈ს, კა̈ნჯ ტიპ სი̄ ბურდუ̄ჾ ვეჹჹჿის უპტ. ჰუ ვეჹჹსა̈რ ბურდ ნიბა̈რტ." ო̄ს სა̈ დუჾნა̈ნწდი̈, ვეჹჹსა̈რ არჲეინდე სა̈ნტი̈ტჰე.
Luthic
La pecora e gl’aeqqi
- Aena pecora ei, stavat inu volla, saecaut somos aeqqos: aeno eisôro tiravat aeno pesante carro, aeno anþero baeravat aeno mêchelo carico ed aeno anþero transportavat aeno manno snele. La pecora roðit all’aeqqos: “Mic pianget atha haertene saecandu ce il mannu trattat l’aeqqos”. Gl’aeqqi roðirondo: “Ascoltâ, pecora: faur unse ist penosu saecare ei, il mannu, l’unsar signiore, sic taugit aena veste la volla pecore, mentre le pecore ristondo inu volla”. Dopo ascoltauða þatha, la pecora agro fliugat.