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! colspan=2 rowspan=2 | !! colspan=2 | Front !! colspan=2 | Back ...e locative case suffix ''-ád'', so, a literal translation would be ''green-front-<small>LOC</small>''.

!'''Front'''

! colspan="2" | [[w:Front vowel|Front]] | style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]]

When a plosive is followed by a front close or near-front near-close vowel, the plosive palatalises, as so:<br> ! !! Front !! Near-front !! Back

! Front !! Back !! Front !! Back

! rowspan="2;" | !! colspan="2;" | Front !! Central !! Back ...k, g, sk'' palatalised to ''ch'' /t͡ʃ/, ''ȝ'' /ʝ/, ''sh'' /ʃ/ (a) before a front vowel (''ä, e, i, ü'') or ''y'', or (b) after ''e, i'' except when follow

! [[w:Front vowels|Front]] | [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]] [[w:Close front rounded vowel|y]] || || [[w:Back close unrounded vowel|u]]

! colspan="2" | [[w:Front vowel|Front]] | style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]]

...t nejt for miene schöne dochter '''prunken'''.'' (You must not show off in front of my beautiful daughter) ...rt de rand fan de busch, noch uten seggen een word, an ene wied gestrekkde front, eelke stond toomindest tejn schreden af siene nåjbuur.''

! colspan="2" | [[w:Front vowel|Front]] ! colspan="2" | [[w:Front vowel|Front]]

! !! colspan="2" | [[w:Front vowel|Front]] !! [[w:Central vowel|Central]] !! [[w:Back vowel|Back]] | colspan="2"| [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]]|| || [[w:Close back rounded vowel|u]]

! Front ||| Central ||| Back ! Front ||| Central ||| Back

!colspan=2|[[:w:Front vowel|Front]]-[[:w:Central vowel|central]]

! style="text-align: center;"|Front *Preceding palato-velar or glottal consonants. This retracts articulation of front vowels, and leaves back vowels unaffected.

! colspan="2" | [[w:Front vowel|Front]] | style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Close front vowel|i]] || style="border-left: 0;" |

! colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |Front

! Front

"dies" is used to refer to things right in front of you, like your fork at the dinner table.<br /> ...as saach dies" this would have the nuance of "What does this right here in front of me say"<br />

...rson plural possessive, however, the following vowel is /ɛ/, which doesn't front vowels, which means ''bok'' would become ''bokleri''. I have however added ! style="width: 90px; " |Front

! colspan="2" |Front

! !! [[w:Front vowel|Front]] !! [[w:Central vowel|Central]] !! [[w:Back vowel|Back]] | [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i iː]]

! colspan="2" style="" |Front

! scope="col" colspan=2|Front ! scope="col" |Near front

! style="width: 90px; "|Front ! style="width: 90px; "|Near-front

! <small>Front</small> ! <small>Front</small>

! !! Front !! Central !! Back

! style="width: 55px; " |Front

! !! Front !! Central !! Back ! !! Front !! Central !! Back

! Front !! Central !! Back * i-umlaut: +front, -round, -open

! colspan="2" | Front ...n a stem. There are three groups: Front (front unrounded vowels), Neutral (front rounded vowels) and Back (back rounded vowels). Neutral vowels are transpar

! style="width: 90px; " |Front ! style="width: 90px; " |Near-front

! Front !! Back

! style="width: 90px; " |Front ! style="width: 90px; " |Near-front

! colspan="2" | Front ! colspan="2" | Front

! !! Front !! Central !! Back

! style="width: 30px; "|Front Unrounded ! style="width: 30px; "|Front Rounded

! !! Front <br /> Unrounded !! Front <br /> Rounded !! Mid !! Back <br /> Unrounded || Back <br /> Rounded

! style="width: 55px; " |Front

...dundancy feature, meaning that it is uniform within a word, so either only front or only back vowels can be present in a single word. This usually does not ..., so ''koi'' "house" uses back vowel endings, while ''pienkä'' "wind" uses front vowel endings.

! !! Front !! Central !! Back <!--Back-vowel stem ''hotṓs, hotolhis'' "hawk" (< PEv *roktog); front-vowel stem ''niēs, niēkis'' "finger" (< PEv *ńeɬek)

! || Front !! Center !! Back

! style="width: 90px; " |Front ...central for purposes of grammatical comprehensibility. This means that the front vowels [ä], [o] and [u] and the back vowels [æ], [ø] and [y] cannot be u

! colspan="2" | Front

...deim fort de rand af de bosch, noch auten sege en word, an en wyd streck’d front, eilk mann stond toumindest tejn schreden af de naixte.'' ...the edge of the thicket, still without saying a word, on a widely extended front, each man stood at least ten paces from the next.) Extract of translation o

| || Front || Near-front || Central || Back | || Front || Near-front || Central || Back

! !! Front !! Central !! Back

Topicalising the object of the verb by putting it at the front of the sentence makes no difference either: ...w absolutive) argument of the verb can be topicalised by putting it at the front of the sentence e.g.

! !! front-rounded !! front-unrounded !! center !! back

!'''Front''' * /d͡ʒ/ - ''d+closed front vowel'' --> ''di'', ''de'' - /d͡ʒi d͡ʒe/

! !! Front !! Central!! Back

! !! '''Front''' !! '''Back '''

! Front !! Central !! Back !! Front !! Central !! Back

| style="width: 60px;" | '''Front''' | style="width: 60px; word-spacing: -.3em;" | '''Near- front'''

! Vowels !! Front !! Back

! scope="col" | [[Front vowel|Front]]

! !! Front !! Central !! Back

! Front

! !! Round !! Front !! Middle !! Back

! style="width: 66px; " |Front

! colspan="4" style="width: 180px; " |Front

| style="text-align: left;"|open front unrounded vowel, near-open central vowel, mid central vowel | style="text-align: left;"|open-mid front unrounded vowel, close-mid front unrounded vowel, mid central vowel

! style="width: 90px; " |Front ! style="width: 90px; " |Near-front

! style="width: 90px; "|Front ! style="width: 90px; "|Near-front

! colspan="4" |Front

! Front ...re then romanised as {{ash|o}} and {{ash|õ}}. Likewise in this context the front vowels are fronted even further to {{IPA|[i]}} and {{IPA|[ĩ]}} and then ro

! Front

! || Front || Central || Back ! || Front || Back

! style="width: 90px; " |Front #Front: me/pume

!rowspan=2|[[:w:Front vowel|Front]]

| style="width:60px;" | '''Front''' | style="width:60px;" | '''Near-front'''

|it is always pronounced as in the English ''cat'' even in front of '''e''', '''i''' and '''y''' |it is always pronunced as in the English ''get'' even in front of '''e''', '''i''' and '''y'''

!width=75| Front ! To Front

![[w:Front vowel|Front]] ![[w:Front vowel|Front]]

! colspan="4" style="width: 180px; " |Front

...n: word order: SVO, very fixed. Actually so fixed that it is impossible to front a place or a time and this, if desired, is done pragmatically (via 'kidhi).

! || Front || Central || Back

! scope="col" style="width: 200px; text-align: center; "|Front

! Front !! Central !! Back !! Front !! Central !! Back ...in front of me," "the person/man is in front of me" or "a person/man is in front of me."

!colspan="2"|'''Front'''

*''√ŋac'': 'in front'

![[W:Front vowel|Front]] ![[W:Front vowel|Front]]

* ''e'' – {{IPA|/ɛ/}}, an [[w:open-mid front unrounded vowel|open-mid front unrounded vowel]] (as English ''bell''), ...– {{IPA|/ɪ/}}, a [[w:near-close near-front unrounded vowel|near-close near-front unrounded vowel]] (as English ''bit''),

!'''Front''' !'''Front'''

! !! colspan="2" | [[w:Front vowel|Front]] !! [[w:Central vowel|Central]] !! colspan="2" | [[w:Back vowel|Back]]

! style="width: 90px; " |Front ! style="width: 90px; " |Near-front

!width=75| Front ! To Front

! style="width: 90px; " |Front ! style="width: 90px; " |Near-front

! style="width: 90px; " |Front

! style="width: 90px; " |Front ! style="width: 90px; " |Front

...yntactically ergative. In all dialects though, nouns can be brought to the front of the sentence as topics. ...consonant, and at the end of words the only nasal coda heard is [ɲ] after front vowels and [ŋ] elsewhere (in the SW dialect this is simply nasalisation of

*/l/ and /j/ come with front vowels while /ɹ/ and /ɰ/ are used with back vowels ! Front

| style="width: 60px;" | '''Front''' | style="width: 60px; word-spacing: -.3em;" | '''Near- front'''

...nasal is pronounced palatalised if they precede [[w:Near-front vowel|near-front]] from mid to high vowels, and uvularised if preceding [[w:back vowels|back ...losive is pronounced palatalised if they precede [[w:Near-front vowel|near-front]] from mid to high vowels, and uvularised if preceding [[w:back vowels|back

<tr><th rowspan=2><th colspan=2>Front<th colspan=2>Back <p>In a native Jaŋatil word each vowel must be either <b>soft</b> (front) or <b>hard</b> (back). This is

! style="width: 55px; " |Front

! colspan="2" | Front

! style="width: 90px; " |Front ! style="width: 90px; " |Front

...owel]] is made using the digraphs 〈qu〉 and 〈gu〉 respectively. Before a non-front vowel, they represent the sequences /kw/ and /gw/. ! colspan="2" |[[Front vowel|Front]]

! width="24%"|Front */t/ turns into /d/ before (front vowel)

! style="width: 66px; " |Front